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significant differences between the approach chart and the PBN system
avionics' application of the navigation

database arise, the published approach chart, supplemented by NOTAMs,
holds precedence.

(2)

The course into a waypoint may not always be 180 degrees different from
the course leaving the

previous waypoint, due to the PBN system avionics' computation of geode
sic paths, distance between

waypoints, and differences in magnetic variation application.
Variations in distances may also occur since PBN

system distance

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to

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waypoint values are ATDs computed to the next waypoint and the DME
values published

on underlying procedures are slant

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range distances measured to the station. This difference increases
with

aircraft altitude and proximity to the NAVAID.

(k)  GPS Familiarization

Pilots should practice GPS approaches in visual meteorological
conditions (VMC) until thoroughly proficient

with all aspects of their equipment (receiver and installation) prior t
o attempting flight in instrument

meteorological conditions (IMC). Pilots should be proficient in the
following areas:

(1)

Using the receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) prediction
function;

(2)

Inserting a DP into the flight plan, including setting terminal CDI
sensitivity, if required, and the

conditions under which terminal RAIM is available for departure;

(3)

Programming the destination airport;

(4)

Programming and flying the approaches (especially procedure turns and
arcs);

(5)

Changing to another approach after selecting an approach;

(6)

Programming and flying "direct" missed approaches;

(7)

Programming and flying "routed" missed approaches;

(8)

Entering, flying, and exiting holding patterns, particularly on
approaches with a second waypoint

in the holding pattern;

(9)

Programming and flying a "route" from a holding pattern;

(10)

Programming and flying an approach with radar vectors to the
intermediate segment;

(11)

Indication of the actions required for RAIM failure both before and
after the FAWP; and

(12)

Programming a radial and distance from a VOR (often used in departure
instructions).

Navigation Aids

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