7110.65R

ADIZ be equipped with a Mode C or Mode S
transponder. Balloons, gliders and aircraft not
equipped with an engine-driven electrical system are
excepted from this requirement.
REFERENCE-
AIM, Chapter 5, Section 6, National Security and Interception
Procedures.

4. Pilots must ensure that their aircraft transponder/ADS-B is operating on an appropriate
ATC-assigned VFR/IFR code with altitude reporting
enabled when operating in such airspace. If in doubt
about the operational status of either feature of your
transponder while airborne, contact the nearest ATC
facility or FSS and they will advise you what facility
you should contact for determining the status of your
equipment.
5. In-flight requests for "immediate" deviation
from the transponder requirements may be approved
by controllers only for failed equipment, and only
when the flight will continue IFR or when weather
conditions prevent VFR descent and continued VFR
flight in airspace not affected by the CFRs. All other
requests for deviation should be made at least 1 hour
before the proposed operation by contacting the
nearest Flight Service or Air Traffic facility in person
or by telephone. The nearest ARTCC will normally
be the controlling agency and is responsible for
coordinating requests involving deviations in other
ARTCC areas.
6. In-flight requests for "immediate" deviation
from the ADS-B Out requirements may be approved
by ATC only for failed equipment, and may be
accommodated based on workload, alternate surveillance availability, or other factors. All other requests
for deviation must be made at least 1 hour before the
proposed operation, following the procedures
contained in Advisory Circular (AC) 90-114,
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Operations.
g. Transponder/ADS-B Operation Under Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
1. Unless otherwise instructed by an ATC
facility, adjust transponder/ADS-B to reply on Mode
3/A Code 1200 regardless of altitude.
NOTE-
1. Firefighting aircraft not in contact with ATC may
squawk 1255 in lieu of 1200 while en route to, from, or
within the designated firefighting area(s).

4-1-18

2. VFR aircraft flying authorized SAR missions for the
USAF or USCG may be advised to squawk 1277 in lieu of
1200 while en route to, from, or within the designated
search area.
3. VFR gliders should squawk 1202 in lieu of 1200.
REFERENCE-
FAA Order JO 7110.66, National Beacon Code Allocation Plan.

2. When required to operate their transponder/
ADS-B, pilots must always operate that equipment
with altitude reporting enabled, unless otherwise
instructed by ATC or unless the installed equipment
has not been tested and calibrated as required by
14 CFR Section 91.217. If deactivation is required,
turn off altitude reporting.
3. When participating in a VFR formation flight
that is not receiving ATC services, only the lead
aircraft should operate their transponder and ADS-B
Out. All other aircraft should disable transponder and
ADS-B transmissions once established within the
formation.
NOTE-
If the formation flight is receiving ATC services, pilots can
expect ATC to direct all non-lead aircraft to STOP
SQUAWK, and should not do so until instructed.

h. Cooperative Surveillance Phraseology
Air traffic controllers, both civil and military, will use
the following phraseology when referring to
operation of cooperative ATC surveillance equipment. Except as noted, the following ATC
instructions do not apply to military transponders
operating in other than Mode 3/A/C/S.
1. SQUAWK (number). Operate radar beacon
transponder/ADS-B on designated code with altitude
reporting enabled.
2. IDENT. Engage the "IDENT" feature (military I/P) of the transponder/ADS-B.
3. SQUAWK (number) AND IDENT. Operate transponder/ADS-B on specified code with
altitude reporting enabled, and engage the "IDENT"
(military I/P) feature.
4. SQUAWK STANDBY. Switch transponder/ADS-B to standby position.
5. SQUAWK NORMAL. Resume normal
transponder/ADS-B operation on previously assigned code. (Used after "SQUAWK STANDBY," or
by military after specific transponder tests).
6. SQUAWK ALTITUDE. Activate Mode C
with automatic altitude reporting.

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