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the entire flight. Assignments are made by the ARTCC computer on the
basis of the National Beacon Code

Allocation Plan. The equipment is also designed to receive Mode C
altitude information from the aircraft.

d.

It should be emphasized that aircraft transponders greatly improve the
effectiveness of radar systems.

REFERENCE

-

AIM,[1] Para 4

[2]-

[3]1

[4]-

[5]20, Transponder and ADS

-

B Out Operation.

-

-

3.  Surveillance Radar

a.

Surveillance radars are divided into two general categories: Airport
Surveillance Radar (ASR) and Air

Route Surveillance Radar (ARSR).

ASR is designed to provide relatively short

-

range coverage in the general vicinity of an airport and to

serve as an expeditious means of handling terminal area traffic through
observation of precise aircraft locations

on a radarscope. The ASR can also be used as an instrument approach
aid.

ARSR is a long

-

range radar system designed primarily to provide a display of aircraft
locations over

large areas.

b.

Surveillance radars scan through 360 degrees of azimuth and present
target information on a radar display

located in a tower or center. This information is used independently or
in conjunction with other navigational

aids in the control of air traffic.

-

-

4.  Precision Approach Radar (PAR)

a.

PAR is designed for use as a landing aid rather than an aid for
sequencing and spacing aircraft. PAR

equipment may be used as a primary landing aid (See Chapter 5, Air
Traffic Procedures, for additional

information), or it may be used to monitor other types of approaches.
It is designed to display range, azimuth,

and elevation information.

b.

Two antennas are used in the PAR array, one scanning a vertical plane,
and the other scanning horizontally.

Since the range is limited to 10 miles, azimuth to 20 degrees, and
elevation to 7 degrees, only the final approach

area is covered. Each scope is divided into two parts. The upper half
presents altitude and distance information,

and the lower half presents azimuth and distance.

-

-

5.  Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE

-

X)/Airport Surface Surveillance

Capability (ASSC)

a.

ASDE

-

X/ASSC is a multi

-

sensor surface surveillance system the FAA is acquiring for airports in
the

United States. This system provides high resolution, short

-

range, clutter free surveillance information about

aircraft and vehicles, both moving and fixed, located on or near the
surface of the airport's runways and taxiways

under all weather and visibility conditions. The system consists of:

1. A Primary Radar System.

ASDE

-

X/ASSC system coverage includes the airport surface and the

airspace up to 200 feet above the surface. Typically located on the
control tower or other strategic location on

the airport, the Primary Radar antenna is able to detect and display
aircraft that are not equipped with or have

malfunctioning transponders or ADS

-

B.

2.  Interfaces.

ASDE

-

X/ASSC contains an automation interface for flight identification via
all automation

platforms and interfaces with the terminal radar for position
information.

3.  Automation.

A Multi

-

sensor Data Processor (MSDP) combines all sensor reports into a single
target

which is displayed to the air traffic controller.

4.  Air Traffic Control Tower Display.

A high resolution, color monitor in the control tower cab provides

controllers with a seamless picture of airport operations on the
airport surface.

b.

The combination of data collected from the multiple sensors ensures
that the most accurate information

about aircraft location is received in the tower, thereby increasing
surface safety and efficiency.

-

-

Surveillance Systems

References

1. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/298/aim-298.html#0
2. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/298/aim-298.html#0
3. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/298/aim-298.html#0
4. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/298/aim-298.html#0
5. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/298/aim-298.html#0