6. Type of aircraft. 7. Duration of turbulence. EXAMPLE- 1. Over Omaha, 1232Z, moderate turbulence in clouds at Flight Level three one zero, Boeing 707. 2. From five zero miles south of Albuquerque to three zero miles north of Phoenix, 1250Z, occasional moderate chop at Flight Level three three zero, DC8. b. Duration and classification of intensity should be made using TBL 7-1-11. TBL 7-1-11 Turbulence Reporting Criteria Table Intensity Aircraft Reaction Reaction Inside Aircraft Reporting Term-Definition Light Turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude (pitch, roll, yaw). Report as Light Turbulence; 1 or Turbulence that causes slight, rapid and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without appreciable changes in altitude or attitude. Report as Light Chop. Occupants may feel a slight strain Occasional-Less than 1/3 of the time. against seat belts or shoulder straps. Unsecured objects may be displaced Intermittent-1/3 to 2/3. slightly. Food service may be conducted and little or no difficulty is Continuous-More than 2/3. encountered in walking. Moderate Turbulence that is similar to Light Turbulence but of greater intensity. Changes in altitude and/or attitude occur but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times. It usually causes variations in indicated airspeed. Report as Moderate Turbulence; 1 or Turbulence that is similar to Light Chop but of greater intensity. It causes rapid bumps or jolts without appreciable changes in aircraft altitude or attitude. Report as Moderate Chop.1 Occupants feel definite strains against NOTE seat belts or shoulder straps. Unse- 1. Pilots should report location(s), cured objects are dislodged. Food time (UTC), intensity, whether in or service and walking are difficult. near clouds, altitude, type of aircraft and, when applicable, duration of turbulence. Turbulence that causes large, abrupt changes in altitude and/or attitude. It usually causes large variations in indicated airspeed. Aircraft may be momentarily out of control. Report as Severe Turbulence. 1 Turbulence in which the aircraft is violently tossed about and is practically impossible to control. It may cause structural damage. Report as Extreme Turbulence. 1 Occupants are forced violently against EXAMPLES: seat belts or shoulder straps. Unsecured objects are tossed about. Food a. Over Omaha. 1232Z, Moderate Service and walking are impossible. Turbulence, in cloud, Flight Level 310, B707. Severe Extreme 2. Duration may be based on time between two locations or over a single location. All locations should be readily identifiable. b. From 50 miles south of Albuquerque to 30 miles north of Phoenix, 1210Z to 1250Z, occasional Moderate Chop, Flight Level 330, DC8. 1 High level turbulence (normally above 15,000 feet ASL) not associated with cumuliform cloudiness, including thunderstorms, should be reported as CAT (clear air turbulence) preceded by the appropriate intensity, or light or moderate chop. 7-1-22. Wind Shear PIREPs a. Because unexpected changes in wind speed and direction can be hazardous to aircraft operations at low altitudes on approach to and departing from airports, pilots are urged to promptly volunteer reports to controllers of wind shear conditions they encounter. An advance warning of this information will assist other pilots in avoiding or coping with a wind shear on approach or departure. b. When describing conditions, use of the terms "negative" or "positive" wind shear should be avoided. PIREPs of "negative wind shear on final," intended to describe loss of airspeed and lift, have been interpreted to mean that no wind shear was encountered. The recommended method for wind shear reporting is to state the loss or gain of airspeed and the altitudes at which it was encountered. Meteorology 7-1-49