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Type of aircraft.

Duration of turbulence.

EXAMPLE

-

Over Omaha, 1232Z, moderate turbulence in clouds at Flight Level three
one zero, Boeing 707.

From five zero miles south of Albuquerque to three zero miles north of
Phoenix, 1250Z, occasional moderate chop at

Flight Level three three zero, DC8.

b.

[1]Duration and classification of intensity should be made using TBL 7

[2]-

[3]1

[4]-

[5]11.

TBL 7

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-

Turbulence Reporting Criteria Table

Intensity

Aircraft Reaction

Reaction Inside Aircraft

Reporting Term

-

Definition

Light

Turbulence that momentarily causes

slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or

attitude (pitch, roll, yaw). Report as

Light Turbulence;

or

Turbulence that causes slight, rapid and

somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without

appreciable changes in altitude or

attitude. Report as

Light Chop.

Occupants may feel a slight strain

against seat belts or shoulder straps.

Unsecured objects may be displaced

slightly. Food service may be con-

ducted and little or no difficulty is

encountered in walking.

Occasional

-

Less than

/

of the time.

Intermittent

-

/

to

/

Continuous

-

More than

/

Moderate  Turbulence that is similar to Light

Turbulence but of greater intensity.

Changes in altitude and/or attitude occur

but the aircraft remains in positive

control at all times. It usually causes

variations in indicated airspeed. Report

as

Moderate Turbulence;

or

Turbulence that is similar to Light Chop

but of greater intensity. It causes rapid

bumps or jolts without appreciable

changes in aircraft altitude or attitude.

Report as

Moderate Chop.

Occupants feel definite strains against

seat belts or shoulder straps. Unse-

cured objects are dislodged. Food

service and walking are difficult.

NOTE

1. Pilots should report location(s),

time (UTC), intensity, whether in or

near clouds, altitude, type of aircraft

and, when applicable, duration of

turbulence.

2. Duration may be based on time

between two locations or over a single

location. All locations should be

readily identifiable.

EXAMPLES:

a. Over Omaha. 1232Z, Moderate

Turbulence, in cloud, Flight

Level 310, B707.

b. From 50 miles south of Albuquer-

que to 30 miles north of Phoenix,

1210Z to 1250Z, occasional Moderate

Chop, Flight Level 330, DC8.

Severe

Turbulence that causes large, abrupt

changes in altitude and/or attitude. It

usually causes large variations in

indicated airspeed. Aircraft may be

momentarily out of control. Report

as

Severe Turbulence.

Occupants are forced violently against

seat belts or shoulder straps. Unse-

cured objects are tossed about. Food

Service and walking are impossible.

Extreme

Turbulence in which the aircraft is

violently tossed about and is practically

impossible to control. It may cause

structural damage. Report as

Extreme

Turbulence.

 High level turbulence (normally above 15,000 feet ASL) not associated
with cumuliform cloudiness, including thunderstorms,

should be reported as CAT (clear air turbulence) preceded by the
appropriate intensity, or light or moderate chop.

-

-

22.  Wind Shear PIREPs

a.

Because unexpected changes in wind speed and direction can be hazardous
to aircraft operations at low

altitudes on approach to and departing from airports, pilots are urged
to promptly volunteer reports to controllers

of wind shear conditions they encounter. An advance warning of this
information will assist other pilots in

avoiding or coping with a wind shear on approach or departure.

b.

When describing conditions, use of the terms "negative" or "positive"
wind shear should be avoided.

PIREPs of

"

negative wind shear on final," intended to describe loss of airspeed
and lift, have been interpreted

to mean that no wind shear was encountered. The recommended method for
wind shear reporting is to state the

loss or gain of airspeed and the altitudes at which it was
encountered.

Meteorology

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-

References

1. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/571/aim-571.html#0
2. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/571/aim-571.html#0
3. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/571/aim-571.html#0
4. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/571/aim-571.html#0
5. file:///media/stevei/plnkx/aspirations/go-faraim/work/src/faraim/faa/aim/571/aim-571.html#0