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SUBCHAPTER G—AIR CARRIERS AND OPERATORS FOR 

COMPENSATION OR HIRE: CERTIFICATION AND OPER-
ATIONS 

PART 110—GENERAL 

REQUIREMENTS 

Sec. 
110.1

Applicability. 

110.2

Definitions. 

A

UTHORITY

: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40101, 

40102, 40103, 40113, 44105, 44106, 44111, 44701– 
44717, 44722, 44901, 44903, 44904, 44906, 44912, 
44914, 44936, 44938, 46103, 46105. 

S

OURCE

: Docket No. FAA–2009–0140, 76 FR 

7486, Feb. 10, 2011, unless otherwise noted. 

§ 110.1 Applicability. 

This part governs all operations con-

ducted under subchapter G of this 
chapter. 

§ 110.2 Definitions. 

For the purpose of this subchapter, 

the term— 

All-cargo operation 

means any oper-

ation for compensation or hire that is 
other than a passenger-carrying oper-
ation or, if passengers are carried, they 
are only those specified in § 121.583(a) or 
§ 135.85 of this chapter. 

Commercial air tour 

means a flight 

conducted for compensation or hire in 
an airplane, powered-lift, or rotorcraft 
where a purpose of the flight is sight-
seeing. The FAA may consider the fol-
lowing factors in determining whether 
a flight is a commercial air tour: 

(1) Whether there was a holding out 

to the public of willingness to conduct 
a sightseeing flight for compensation 
or hire; 

(2) Whether the person offering the 

flight provided a narrative that re-
ferred to areas or points of interest on 
the surface below the route of the 
flight; 

(3) The area of operation; 
(4) How often the person offering the 

flight conducts such flights; 

(5) The route of flight; 
(6) The inclusion of sightseeing 

flights as part of any travel arrange-
ment package; 

(7) Whether the flight in question 

would have been canceled based on 

poor visibility of the surface below the 
route of the flight; and 

(8) Any other factors that the FAA 

considers appropriate. 

Commuter operation 

means any sched-

uled operation conducted by any per-
son operating one of the following 
types of aircraft with a frequency of 
operations of at least five round trips 
per week on at least one route between 
two or more points according to the 
published flight schedules: 

(1) Rotorcraft; or 
(2) Airplanes or powered-lift that: 
(i) Are not turbojet-powered; 
(ii) Have a maximum passenger-seat 

configuration of 9 seats or less, exclud-
ing each crewmember seat; and 

(iii) Have a maximum payload capac-

ity of 7,500 pounds or less. 

Direct air carrier 

means a person who 

provides or offers to provide air trans-
portation and who has control over the 
operational functions performed in pro-
viding that transportation. 

DOD commercial air carrier evaluator 

means a qualified Air Mobility Com-
mand, Survey and Analysis Office 
cockpit evaluator performing the du-
ties specified in Public Law 99–661 when 
the evaluator is flying on an air carrier 
that is contracted or pursuing a con-
tract with the U.S. Department of De-
fense (DOD). 

Domestic operation 

means any sched-

uled operation conducted by any per-
son operating any aircraft described in 
paragraph (1) of this definition at loca-
tions described in paragraph (2) of this 
definition: 

(1) Airplanes or powered-lift that: 
(i) Are turbojet-powered; 
(ii) Have a passenger-seat configura-

tion of more than 9 passenger seats, ex-
cluding each crewmember seat; or 

(iii) Have a payload capacity of more 

than 7,500 pounds. 

(2) Locations: 
(i) Between any points within the 48 

contiguous States of the United States 
or the District of Columbia; or 

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 110.2 

(ii) Operations solely within the 48 

contiguous States of the United States 
or the District of Columbia; or 

(iii) Operations entirely within any 

State, territory, or possession of the 
United States; or 

(iv) When specifically authorized by 

the Administrator, operations between 
any point within the 48 contiguous 
States of the United States or the Dis-
trict of Columbia and any specifically 
authorized point located outside the 48 
contiguous States of the United States 
or the District of Columbia. 

Empty weight 

means the weight of the 

airframe, engines, propellers, rotors, 
and fixed equipment. Empty weight ex-
cludes the weight of the crew and pay-
load, but includes the weight of all 
fixed ballast, unusable fuel supply, un-
drainable oil, total quantity of engine 
coolant, and total quantity of hydrau-
lic fluid. 

Flag operation 

means any scheduled 

operation conducted by any person op-
erating any aircraft described in para-
graph (1) of this definition at locations 
described in paragraph (2) of this defi-
nition: 

(1) Airplanes or powered-lift that: 
(i) Are turbojet-powered; 
(ii) Have a passenger-seat configura-

tion of more than 9 passenger seats, ex-
cluding each crewmember seat; or 

(iii) Have a payload capacity of more 

than 7,500 pounds. 

(2) Locations: 
(i) Between any point within the 

State of Alaska or the State of Hawaii 
or any territory or possession of the 
United States and any point outside 
the State of Alaska or the State of Ha-
waii or any territory or possession of 
the United States, respectively; or 

(ii) Between any point within the 48 

contiguous States of the United States 
or the District of Columbia and any 
point outside the 48 contiguous States 
of the United States and the District of 
Columbia; or 

(iii) Between any point outside the 

U.S. and another point outside the U.S. 

Justifiable aircraft equipment 

means 

any equipment necessary for the oper-
ation of the aircraft. It does not in-
clude equipment or ballast specifically 
installed, permanently or otherwise, 
for the purpose of altering the empty 

weight of an aircraft to meet the max-
imum payload capacity. 

Kind of operation 

means one of the 

various operations a certificate holder 
is authorized to conduct, as specified in 
its operations specifications, 

i.e., 

do-

mestic, flag, supplemental, commuter, 
or on-demand operations. 

Maximum payload capacity 

means: 

(1) For an aircraft for which a max-

imum zero fuel weight is prescribed in 
FAA technical specifications, the max-
imum zero fuel weight, less empty 
weight, less all justifiable aircraft 
equipment, and less the operating load 
(consisting of minimum flightcrew, 
foods and beverages, and supplies and 
equipment related to foods and bev-
erages, but not including disposable 
fuel or oil). 

(2) For all other aircraft, the max-

imum certificated takeoff weight of an 
aircraft, less the empty weight, less all 
justifiable aircraft equipment, and less 
the operating load (consisting of min-
imum fuel load, oil, and flightcrew). 
The allowance for the weight of the 
crew, oil, and fuel is as follows: 

(i) Crew—for each crewmember re-

quired by the Federal Aviation Regula-
tions— 

(A) For male flightcrew members— 

180 pounds. 

(B) For female flightcrew members— 

140 pounds. 

(C) For male flight attendants—180 

pounds. 

(D) For female flight attendants—130 

pounds. 

(E) For flight attendants not identi-

fied by gender—140 pounds. 

(ii) Oil—350 pounds or the oil capac-

ity as specified on the Type Certificate 
Data Sheet. 

(iii) Fuel—the minimum weight of 

fuel required by the applicable Federal 
Aviation Regulations for a flight be-
tween domestic points 174 nautical 
miles apart under VFR weather condi-
tions that does not involve extended 
overwater operations. 

Maximum zero fuel weight 

means the 

maximum permissible weight of an air-
craft with no disposable fuel or oil. The 
zero fuel weight figure may be found in 
either the aircraft type certificate data 
sheet, the approved Aircraft Flight 
Manual, or both. 

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 110.2 

Noncommon carriage 

means an air-

craft operation for compensation or 
hire that does not involve a holding 
out to others. 

On-demand operation 

means any oper-

ation for compensation or hire that is 
one of the following: 

(1) Passenger-carrying operations 

conducted as a public charter under 
part 380 of this chapter or any oper-
ations in which the departure time, de-
parture location, and arrival location 
are specifically negotiated with the 
customer or the customer’s representa-
tive that are any of the following types 
of operations: 

(i) Common carriage operations con-

ducted with airplanes or powered-lift, 
including any that are turbojet-pow-
ered, having a passenger-seat configu-
ration of 30 seats or fewer, excluding 
each crewmember seat, and a payload 
capacity of 7,500 pounds or less. The op-
erations described in this paragraph do 
not include operations using a specific 
airplane or powered-lift that is also 
used in domestic or flag operations and 
that is so listed in the operations speci-
fications as required by § 119.49(a)(4) of 
this chapter for those operations are 
considered supplemental operations; 

(ii) Noncommon or private carriage 

operations conducted with airplanes or 
powered-lift having a passenger-seat 
configuration of less than 20 seats, ex-
cluding each crewmember seat, and a 
payload capacity of less than 6,000 
pounds; or 

(iii) Any rotorcraft operation. 
(2) Scheduled passenger-carrying op-

erations conducted with one of the fol-
lowing types of aircraft, other than 
turbojet-powered aircraft, with a fre-
quency of operations of less than five 
round trips per week on at least one 
route between two or more points ac-
cording to the published flight sched-
ules: 

(i) Airplanes or powered-lift having a 

maximum passenger-seat configuration 
of 9 seats or less, excluding each crew-
member seat, and a maximum payload 
capacity of 7,500 pounds or less; or 

(ii) Rotorcraft. 
(3) All-cargo operations conducted 

with airplanes or powered-lift having a 
payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or 
less, or with rotorcraft. 

Passenger-carrying operation 

means 

any aircraft operation carrying any 
person, unless the only persons on the 
aircraft are those identified in 
§§ 121.583(a) or 135.85 of this chapter, as 
applicable. An aircraft used in a pas-
senger-carrying operation may also 
carry cargo or mail in addition to pas-
sengers. 

Principal base of operations 

means the 

primary operating location of a certifi-
cate holder as established by the cer-
tificate holder. 

Provisional airport 

means an airport 

approved by the Administrator for use 
by a certificate holder for the purpose 
of providing service to a community 
when the regular airport used by the 
certificate holder is not available. 

Regular airport 

means an airport used 

by a certificate holder in scheduled op-
erations and listed in its operations 
specifications. 

Scheduled operation 

means any com-

mon carriage passenger-carrying oper-
ation for compensation or hire con-
ducted by an air carrier or commercial 
operator for which the certificate hold-
er or its representative offers in ad-
vance the departure location, depar-
ture time, and arrival location. It does 
not include any passenger-carrying op-
eration that is conducted as a public 
charter operation under part 380 of this 
chapter. 

Supplemental operation 

means any 

common carriage operation for com-
pensation or hire conducted with any 
aircraft described in paragraph (1) of 
this definition that is a type of oper-
ation described in paragraph (2) of this 
definition: 

(1) Airplanes or powered-lift that: 
(i) Have a passenger-seat configura-

tion of more than 30 seats, excluding 
each crewmember seat. 

(ii) Have a payload capacity of more 

than 7,500 pounds. 

(iii) Are propeller-powered and: 
(A) Have a passenger-seat configura-

tion of more than 9 seats and less than 
31 seats, excluding each crewmember 
seat; and 

(B) Are used in domestic or flag oper-

ations but are so listed in the oper-
ations specifications as required by 
§ 119.49(a)(4) of this chapter for such op-
erations. 

(iv) Are turbojet-powered and: 

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

Pt. 111 

(A) Have a passenger seat configura-

tion of 1 or more but less than 31 seats, 
excluding each crewmember seat; and 

(B) Are used in domestic or flag oper-

ations and are so listed in the oper-
ations specifications as required by 
§ 119.49(a)(4) of this chapter for such op-
erations. 

(2) Types of operation: 
(i) Operations for which the depar-

ture time, departure location, and ar-
rival location are specifically nego-
tiated with the customer or the cus-
tomer’s representative. 

(ii) All-cargo operations. 
(iii) Passenger-carrying public char-

ter operations conducted under part 380 
of this chapter. 

Wet lease 

means any leasing arrange-

ment whereby a person agrees to pro-
vide an entire aircraft and at least one 
crewmember. A wet lease does not in-
clude a code-sharing arrangement. 

When common carriage is not involved 

or operations not involving common car-
riage 

means any of the following: 

(1) Noncommon carriage. 
(2) Operations in which persons or 

cargo are transported without com-
pensation or hire. 

(3) Operations not involving the 

transportation of persons or cargo. 

(4) Private carriage. 

Years in service 

means the calendar 

time elapsed since an aircraft was 
issued its first U.S. or first foreign air-
worthiness certificate. 

[Docket No. FAA–2009–0140, 76 FR 7486, Feb. 
10, 2011, as amended by Docket FAA–2018– 
0119, Amdt. 110–2, 83 FR 9172, Mar. 5, 2018; 
Docket No. FAA–2022–1563; Amdt. No. 110–3, 
88 FR 48087, July 26, 2023] 

PART 111—PILOT RECORDS 

DATABASE 

Subpart A—General 

Sec. 
111.1

Applicability. 

111.5

Compliance date. 

111.10

Definitions. 

111.15

Application for database access. 

111.20

Database access. 

111.25

Denial of access. 

111.30

Prohibited access and use. 

111.35

Fraud and falsification. 

111.40

Record Retention. 

Subpart B—Access to and Evaluation of 

Records 

111.100

Applicability. 

111.105

Evaluation of pilot records. 

111.110

Motor vehicle driving record re-

quest. 

111.115

Good faith exception. 

111.120

Pilot consent and right of review. 

111.135

FAA records. 

Subpart C—Reporting of Records 

111.200

Applicability. 

111.205

Reporting requirements. 

111.210

Format for reporting information. 

111.215

Method of reporting. 

111.220

Drug and alcohol testing records. 

111.225

Training, qualification, and pro-

ficiency records. 

111.230

Final disciplinary action records. 

111.235

Final separation from employment 

records. 

111.240

Verification of motor vehicle driving 

record search and evaluation. 

111.245

Special rules for protected records. 

111.250

Correction of reported information 

and dispute resolution. 

111.255

Reporting historical records to PRD. 

Subpart D—Pilot Access and 

Responsibilities 

111.300

Applicability. 

111.305

Application for database access. 

111.310

Written consent. 

111.315

Pilot right of review. 

111.320

Reporting errors and requesting cor-

rections. 

A

UTHORITY

: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40101, 

40113, 44701, 44703, 44711, 46105, 46301. 

S

OURCE

: 86 FR 31060, June 10, 2021, unless 

otherwise noted. 

Subpart A—General 

§ 111.1 Applicability. 

(a) This part prescribes rules gov-

erning the use of the Pilot Records 
Database (PRD). 

(b) Except as provided in subsection 

(c) of this section, this part applies to: 

(1) Each operator that holds an air 

carrier or operating certificate issued 
in accordance with part 119 of this 
chapter and is authorized to conduct 
operations under part 121, 125, or 135 of 
this chapter. 

(2) Each operator that holds manage-

ment specifications for a fractional 
ownership program issued in accord-
ance with subpart K of part 91 of this 
chapter.