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123 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.311 

(1) Designed and constructed so that 

it cannot be opened during flight; and 

(2) Marked with a placard readable 

from a distance of 30 inches and in-
stalled at a conspicuous location near 
the means of opening the exit, stating 
that the exit has been designed and 
constructed so that it cannot be opened 
during flight. 

(l) 

Emergency exit features. 

(1) Each 

transport category airplane manufac-
tured after 

November 26, 2007 

must com-

ply with the provisions of § 25.809(i) and 

(2) After November 26, 2007 each 

transport category airplane must com-
ply with the provisions of 
§ 25.813(b)(6)(ii) in effect on November 
26, 2007. 

(m) Except for an airplane used in op-

erations under this part on October 16, 
1987, and having an emergency exit 
configuration installed and authorized 
for operation prior to October 16, 1987, 
for an airplane that is required to have 
more than one passenger emergency 
exit for each side of the fuselage, no 
passenger emergency exit shall be 
more than 60 feet from any adjacent 
passenger emergency exit on the same 
side of the same deck of the fuselage, 
as measured parallel to the airplane’s 
longitudinal axis between the nearest 
exit edges. 

(n) 

Portable lights. 

No person may op-

erate a passenger-carrying airplane un-
less it is equipped with flashlight stow-
age provisions accessible from each 
flight attendant seat. 

[Doc. No. 2033, 30 FR 3205, Mar. 9, 1965] 

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DITORIAL

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EDERAL

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EGISTER

ci-

tations affecting § 121.310, see the List of CFR 
Sections Affected, which appears in the 
Finding Aids section of the printed volume 
and at 

www.govinfo.gov. 

§ 121.311 Seats, safety belts, and shoul-

der harnesses. 

(a) No person may operate an air-

plane unless there are available during 
the takeoff, en route flight, and land-
ing— 

(1) An approved seat or berth for each 

person on board the airplane who has 
reached his second birthday; and 

(2) An approved safety belt for sepa-

rate use by each person on board the 
airplane who has reached his second 
birthday, except that two persons occu-
pying a berth may share one approved 

safety belt and two persons occupying 
a multiple lounge or divan seat may 
share one approved safety belt during 
en route flight only. 

(b) Except as provided in this para-

graph, each person on board an air-
plane operated under this part shall oc-
cupy an approved seat or berth with a 
separate safety belt properly secured 
about him or her during movement on 
the surface, takeoff, and landing. A 
safety belt provided for the occupant of 
a seat may not be used by more than 
one person who has reached his or her 
second birthday. Notwithstanding the 
preceding requirements, a child may: 

(1) Be held by an adult who is occu-

pying an approved seat or berth, pro-
vided the child has not reached his or 
her second birthday and the child does 
not occupy or use any restraining de-
vice; or 

(2) Notwithstanding any other re-

quirement of this chapter, occupy an 
approved child restraint system fur-
nished by the certificate holder or one 
of the persons described in paragraph 
(b)(2)(i) of this section, provided: 

(i) The child is accompanied by a par-

ent, guardian, or attendant designated 
by the child’s parent or guardian to at-
tend to the safety of the child during 
the flight; 

(ii) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b)(2)(ii)(D) of this section, the ap-
proved child restraint system bears one 
or more labels as follows: 

(A) Seats manufactured to U.S. 

standards between January 1, 1981, and 
February 25, 1985, must bear the label: 
‘‘This child restraint system conforms 
to all applicable Federal motor vehicle 
safety standards.’’ 

(B) Seats manufactured to U.S. 

standards on or after February 26, 1985, 
must bear two labels: 

(

1

) ‘‘This child restraint system con-

forms to all applicable Federal motor 
vehicle safety standards’’; and 

(

2

) ‘‘THIS RESTRAINT IS CER-

TIFIED FOR USE IN MOTOR VEHI-
CLES AND AIRCRAFT’’ in red let-
tering; 

(C) Seats that do not qualify under 

paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)(A) and (b)(2)(ii)(B) 
of this section must bear a label or 
markings showing: 

(

1

) That the seat was approved by a 

foreign government; 

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124 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.311 

(

2

) That the seat was manufactured 

under the standards of the United Na-
tions; 

(

3

) That the seat or child restraint 

device furnished by the certificate 
holder was approved by the FAA 
through Type Certificate or Supple-
mental Type Certificate; or 

(

4

) That the seat or child restraint 

device furnished by the certificate 
holder, or one of the persons described 
in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section, 
was approved by the FAA in accord-
ance with § 21.8(d) of this chapter or 
Technical Standard Order C–100b, or a 
later version. The child restraint de-
vice manufactured by AmSafe, Inc. 
(CARES, Part No. 4082) and approved 
by the FAA in accordance with 
§ 21.305(d) (2010 ed.) of this chapter may 
continue to bear a label or markings 
showing FAA approval in accordance 
with § 21.305(d) (2010 ed.) of this chapter. 

(D) Except as provided in 

§ 121.311(b)(2)(ii)(C)(

3

) and 

§ 121.311(b)(2)(ii)(C)(

4

), booster-type 

child restraint systems (as defined in 
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 
No. 213 (49 CFR 571.213)), vest- and har-
ness-type child restraint systems, and 
lap held child restraints are not ap-
proved for use in aircraft; and 

(iii) The certificate holder complies 

with the following requirements: 

(A) The restraint system must be 

properly secured to an approved for-
ward-facing seat or berth; 

(B) The child must be properly se-

cured in the restraint system and must 
not exceed the specified weight limit 
for the restraint system; and 

(C) The restraint system must bear 

the appropriate label(s). 

(c) Except as provided in paragraph 

(c)(3) of this section, the following pro-
hibitions apply to certificate holders: 

(1) Except as provided in 

§ 121.311(b)(2)(ii)(C)(

3

) and 

§ 121.311(b)(2)(ii)(C)(

4

), no certificate 

holder may permit a child, in an air-
craft, to occupy a booster-type child 
restraint system, a vest-type child re-
straint system, a harness-type child re-
straint system, or a lap held child re-
straint system during take off, landing, 
and movement on the surface. 

(2) Except as required in paragraph 

(c)(1) of this section, no certificate 
holder may prohibit a child, if re-

quested by the child’s parent, guardian, 
or designated attendant, from occu-
pying a child restraint system fur-
nished by the child’s parent, guardian, 
or designated attendant provided— 

(i) The child holds a ticket for an ap-

proved seat or berth or such seat or 
berth is otherwise made available by 
the certificate holder for the child’s 
use; 

(ii) The requirements of paragraph 

(b)(2)(i) of this section are met; 

(iii) The requirements of paragraph 

(b)(2)(iii) of this section are met; and 

(iv) The child restraint system has 

one or more of the labels described in 
paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)(A) through 
(b)(2)(ii)(C) of this section. 

(3) This section does not prohibit the 

certificate holder from providing child 
restraint systems authorized by this 
section or, consistent with safe oper-
ating practices, determining the most 
appropriate passenger seat location for 
the child restraint system. 

(d) Each sideward facing seat must 

comply with the applicable require-
ments of § 25.785(c) of this chapter. 

(e) Except as provided in paragraphs 

(e)(1) through (e)(3) of this section, no 
certificate holder may take off or land 
an airplane unless each passenger seat 
back is in the upright position. Each 
passenger shall comply with instruc-
tions given by a crewmember in com-
pliance with this paragraph. 

(1) This paragraph does not apply to 

seat backs placed in other than the up-
right position in compliance with 
§ 121.310(f)(3). 

(2) This paragraph does not apply to 

seats on which cargo or persons who 
are unable to sit erect for a medical 
reason are carried in accordance with 
procedures in the certificate holder’s 
manual if the seat back does not ob-
struct any passenger’s access to the 
aisle or to any emergency exit. 

(3) On airplanes with no flight at-

tendant, the certificate holder may 
take off or land as long as the 
flightcrew instructs each passenger to 
place his or her seat back in the up-
right position for takeoff and landing. 

(f) No person may operate a transport 

category airplane that was type certifi-
cated after January 1, 1958, or a non-
transport category airplane manufac-
tured after March 20, 1997, unless it is 

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125 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.312 

equipped at each flight deck station 
with a combined safety belt and shoul-
der harness that meets the applicable 
requirements specified in § 25.785 of this 
chapter, effective March 6, 1980, except 
that— 

(1) Shoulder harnesses and combined 

safety belt and shoulder harnesses that 
were approved and installed before 
March 6, 1980, may continue to be used; 
and 

(2) Safety belt and shoulder harness 

restraint systems may be designed to 
the inertia load factors established 
under the certification basis of the air-
plane. 

(g) Each flight attendant must have a 

seat for takeoff and landing in the pas-
senger compartment that meets the re-
quirements of § 25.785 of this chapter, 
effective March 6, 1980, except that— 

(1) Combined safety belt and shoulder 

harnesses that were approved and in-
stalled before March, 6, 1980, may con-
tinue to be used; and 

(2) Safety belt and shoulder harness 

restraint systems may be designed to 
the inertia load factors established 
under the certification basis of the air-
plane. 

(3) The requirements of § 25.785(h) do 

not apply to passenger seats occupied 
by flight attendants not required by 
§ 121.391. 

(h) Each occupant of a seat equipped 

with a shoulder harness or with a com-
bined safety belt and shoulder harness 
must have the shoulder harness or 
combined safety belt and shoulder har-
ness properly secured about that occu-
pant during takeoff and landing, except 
that a shoulder harness that is not 
combined with a safety belt may be un-
fastened if the occupant cannot per-
form the required duties with the 
shoulder harness fastened. 

(i) At each unoccupied seat, the safe-

ty belt and shoulder harness, if in-
stalled, must be secured so as not to 
interfere with crewmembers in the per-
formance of their duties or with the 
rapid egress of occupants in an emer-
gency. 

(j) After October 27, 2009, no person 

may operate a transport category air-
plane type certificated after January 1, 
1958 and manufactured on or after Oc-
tober 27, 2009 in passenger-carrying op-
erations under this part unless all pas-

senger and flight attendant seats on 
the airplane meet the requirements of 
§ 25.562 in effect on or after June 16, 
1988. 

(k) 

Seat dimension disclosure. 

(1) Each 

air carrier that conducts operations 
under this part and that has a Web site 
must make available on its Web site 
the width of the narrowest and widest 
passenger seats in each class of service 
for each airplane make, model and se-
ries operated by that air carrier in pas-
senger-carrying operations. 

(2) For purposes of paragraph (k)(1) of 

this section, the width of a passenger 
seat means the distance between the 
inside of the armrests for that seat. 

[Doc. No. 7522, 32 FR 13267, Sept. 20, 1967] 

E

DITORIAL

N

OTE

: For F

EDERAL

R

EGISTER

ci-

tations affecting § 121.311, see the List of CFR 
Sections Affected, which appears in the 
Finding Aids section of the printed volume 
and at 

www.govinfo.gov. 

§ 121.312 Materials for compartment 

interiors. 

(a) 

All interior materials; transport cat-

egory airplanes and nontransport cat-
egory airplanes type certificated before 
January 1, 1965. 

Except for the mate-

rials covered by paragraph (b) of this 
section, all materials in each compart-
ment of a transport category airplane, 
or a nontransport category airplane 
type certificated before January 1, 1965, 
used by the crewmembers and pas-
sengers, must meet the requirements of 
§ 25.853 of this chapter in effect as fol-
lows, or later amendment thereto: 

(1) 

Airplane with passenger seating ca-

pacity of 20 or more

—(i) 

Manufactured 

after August 19, 1988, but prior to August 
20, 1990. 

Except as provided in para-

graph (a)(3)(ii) of this section, each air-
plane with a passenger capacity of 20 or 
more and manufactured after August 
19, 1988, but prior to August 20, 1990, 
must comply with the heat release rate 
testing provisions of § 25.853(d) in effect 
March 6, 1995 (formerly § 25.853(a–1) in 
effect on August 20, 1986) (see App. L of 
this part), except that the total heat 
release over the first 2 minutes of sam-
ple exposure must not exceed 100 kilo-
watt minutes per square meter and the 
peak heat release rate must not exceed 
100 kilowatts per square meter.