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140 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.341 

event the flight terminates in that 
water. 

[Doc. No. 6713, 31 FR 1147, Jan. 28, 1966, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–25, 32 FR 3223, Feb. 24, 
1967; Amdt. 121–251, 60 FR 65932, Dec. 20, 1995] 

§ 121.341 Equipment for operations in 

icing conditions. 

(a) Except as permitted in paragraph 

(c)(2) of this section, unless an airplane 
is type certificated under the transport 
category airworthiness requirements 
relating to ice protection, or unless an 
airplane is a non-transport category 
airplane type certificated after Decem-
ber 31, 1964, that has the ice protection 
provisions that meet section 34 of ap-
pendix A of part 135 of this chapter, no 
person may operate an airplane in 
icing conditions unless it is equipped 
with means for the prevention or re-
moval of ice on windshields, wings, em-
pennage, propellers, and other parts of 
the airplane where ice formation will 
adversely affect the safety of the air-
plane. 

(b) No person may operate an air-

plane in icing conditions at night un-
less means are provided for illu-
minating or otherwise determining the 
formation of ice on the parts of the 
wings that are critical from the stand-
point of ice accumulation. Any illu-
minating that is used must be of a type 
that will not cause glare or reflection 
that would handicap crewmembers in 
the performance of their duties. 

(c) 

Non-transport category airplanes 

type certificated after December 31, 1964. 

Except for an airplane that has ice pro-
tection provisions that meet section 34 
of appendix A of part 135 of this chap-
ter, or those for transport category air-
plane type certification, no person may 
operate— 

(1) Under IFR into known or forecast 

light or moderate icing conditions; 

(2) Under VFR into known light or 

moderate icing conditions; unless the 
airplane has functioning deicing anti- 
icing equipment protecting each pro-
peller, windshield, wing, stabilizing or 
control surface, and each airspeed, al-
timeter, rate of climb, or flight atti-
tude instrument system; or 

(3) Into known or forecast severe 

icing conditions. 

(d) If current weather reports and 

briefing information relied upon by the 

pilot in command indicate that the 
forecast icing condition that would 
otherwise prohibit the flight will not 
be encountered during the flight be-
cause of changed weather conditions 
since the forecast, the restrictions in 
paragraph (c) of this section based on 
forecast conditions do not apply. 

[Doc. No. 6258, 29 FR 18205, Dec. 31, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–251, 60 FR 65929, Dec. 
20, 1995] 

§ 121.342 Pitot heat indication systems. 

No person may operate a transport 

category airplane or, after December 
20, 1999, a nontransport category air-
plane type certificated after December 
31, 1964, that is equipped with a flight 
instrument pitot heating system unless 
the airplane is also equipped with an 
operable pitot heat indication system 
that complies § 25.1326 of this chapter 
in effect on April 12, 1978. 

[Doc. No. 28154, 60 FR 65932, Dec. 20, 1995] 

§ 121.343 Flight data recorders. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraphs 

(b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) of this section, 
no person may operate a large airplane 
that is certificated for operations 
above 25,000 feet altitude or is turbine- 
engine powered unless it is equipped 
with one or more approved flight re-
corders that record data from which 
the following may be determined with-
in the ranges, accuracies, and record-
ing intervals specified in appendix B of 
this part: 

(1) Time; 
(2) Altitude; 
(3) Airspeed; 
(4) Vertical acceleration; 
(5) Heading; and 
(6) Time of each radio transmission 

either to or from air traffic control. 

(b) No person may operate a large 

airplane type certificated up to and in-
cluding September 30, 1969, for oper-
ations above 25,000 feet altitude, or a 
turbine-engine powered airplane cer-
tificated before the same date, unless 
it is equipped before May 26, 1989 with 
one or more approved flight recorders 
that utilize a digital method of record-
ing and storing data and a method of 
readily retrieving that data from the 
storage medium. The following infor-
mation must be able to be determined