155 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.363 

(i) By April 7, 2012, all turbine en-

gine-powered airplanes subject to this 
section that are manufactured before 
April 7, 2010, must have a cockpit voice 
recorder installed that also— 

(1) Meets the requirements of 

§ 23.1457(d)(6) or § 25.1457(d)(6) of this 
chapter, as applicable; 

(2) Retains at least the last 2 hours of 

recorded information using a recorder 
that meets the standards of TSO–C123a, 
or later revision; and 

(3) Is operated continuously from the 

use of the checklist before the flight to 
completion of the final checklist at the 
end of the flight. 

(4) If transport category, meets the 

requirements in § 25.1457(a)(3), (a)(4), 
and (a)(5) of this chapter. 

(j) All turbine engine-powered air-

planes subject to this section that are 
manufactured on or after April 7, 2010, 
must have a cockpit voice recorder in-
stalled that also— 

(1) Is installed in accordance with the 

requirements of § 23.1457 (except for 
paragraph (a)(6) or § 25.1457 (except for 
paragraph (a)(6)) of this chapter, as ap-
plicable; 

(2) Retains at least the last 2 hours of 

recorded information using a recorder 
that meets the standards of TSO–C123a, 
or later revision; and 

(3) Is operated continuously from the 

use of the checklist before the flight to 
completion of the final checklist at the 
end of the flight. 

(4) For all airplanes manufactured on 

or after December 6, 2010, also meets 
the requirements of § 23.1457(a)(6) or 
§ 25.1457(a)(6) of this chapter, as appli-
cable. 

(k) All airplanes required by this part 

to have a cockpit voice recorder and a 
flight data recorder, that install 
datalink communication equipment on 
or after December 6, 2010, must record 
all datalink messages as required by 
the certification rule applicable to the 
airplane. 

[Doc. No. 6258, 29 FR 19205, Dec. 31, 1964] 

E

DITORIAL

N

OTE

: For F

EDERAL

R

EGISTER

ci-

tations affecting § 121.359, see the List of CFR 
Sections Affected, which appears in the 
Finding Aids section of the printed volume 
and at 

www.govinfo.gov. 

§ 121.360 [Reserved] 

Subpart L—Maintenance, Preven-

tive Maintenance, and Alter-
ations 

S

OURCE

: Docket No. 6258, 29 FR 19210, Dec. 

31, 1964, unless otherwise noted. 

§ 121.361 Applicability. 

(a) Except as provided by paragraph 

(b) of this section, this subpart pre-
scribes requirements for maintenance, 
preventive maintenance, and alter-
ations for all certificate holders. 

(b) The Administrator may amend a 

certificate holder’s operations speci-
fications to permit deviation from 
those provisions of this subpart that 
would prevent the return to service and 
use of airframe components, power-
plants, appliances, and spare parts 
thereof because those items have been 
maintained, altered, or inspected by 
persons employed outside the United 
States who do not hold U.S. airman 
certificates. Each certificate holder 
who uses parts under this deviation 
must provide for surveillance of facili-
ties and practices to assure that all 
work performed on these parts is ac-
complished in accordance with the cer-
tificate holder’s manual. 

[Doc. No. 8754, 33 FR 14406, Sept. 25, 1968] 

§ 121.363 Responsibility for airworthi-

ness. 

(a) Each certificate holder is pri-

marily responsible for— 

(1) The airworthiness of its aircraft, 

including airframes, aircraft engines, 
propellers, appliances, and parts there-
of; and 

(2) The performance of the mainte-

nance, preventive maintenance, and al-
teration of its aircraft, including air-
frames, aircraft engines, propellers, ap-
pliances, emergency equipment, and 
parts thereof, in accordance with its 
manual and the regulations of this 
chapter. 

(b) A certificate holder may make ar-

rangements with another person for 
the performance of any maintenance, 
preventive maintenance, or alter-
ations. However, this does not relieve 

156 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.365 

the certificate holder of the responsi-
bility specified in paragraph (a) of this 
section. 

[Doc. No. 6258, 29 FR 19210, Dec. 31, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–106, 38 FR 22378, Aug. 
20, 1973] 

§ 121.365 Maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, and alteration organi-

zation. 

(a) Each certificate holder that per-

forms any of its maintenance (other 
than required inspections), preventive 
maintenance, or alterations, and each 
person with whom it arranges for the 
performance of that work must have an 
organization adequate to perform the 
work. 

(b) Each certificate holder that per-

forms any inspections required by its 
manual in accordance with 
§ 121.369(b)(2) or (3) (in this subpart re-
ferred to as 

required inspections

) and 

each person with whom it arranges for 
the performance of that work must 
have an organization adequate to per-
form that work. 

(c) Each person performing required 

inspections in addition to other main-
tenance, preventive maintenance, or 
alterations, shall organize the perform-
ance of those functions so as to sepa-
rate the required inspection functions 
from the other maintenance, preven-
tive maintenance, and alteration func-
tions. The separation shall be below 
the level of administrative control at 
which overall responsibility for the re-
quired inspection functions and other 
maintenance, preventive maintenance, 
and alteration functions are exercised. 

[Doc. No. 6258, 29 FR 19210, Dec. 31, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–3, 30 FR 3639, Mar. 19, 
1965] 

§ 121.367 Maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, and alterations pro-

grams. 

Each certificate holder shall have an 

inspection program and a program cov-
ering other maintenance, preventive 
maintenance, and alterations that en-
sures that— 

(a) Maintenance, preventive mainte-

nance, and alterations performed by it, 
or by other persons, are performed in 
accordance with the certificate hold-
er’s manual; 

(b) Competent personnel and ade-

quate facilities and equipment are pro-
vided for the proper performance of 
maintenance, preventive maintenance, 
and alterations; and 

(c) Each aircraft released to service 

is airworthy and has been properly 
maintained for operation under this 
part. 

[Doc. No. 6258, 29 FR 19210, Dec. 31, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–100, 37 FR 28053, Dec. 
20, 1972] 

§ 121.368 Contract maintenance. 

(a) A certificate holder may arrange 

with another person for the perform-
ance of maintenance, preventive main-
tenance, and alterations as authorized 
in § 121.379(a) only if the certificate 
holder has met all the requirements in 
this section. For purposes of this sec-
tion— 

(1) A 

maintenance provider 

is any per-

son who performs maintenance, preven-
tive maintenance, or an alteration for 
a certificate holder other than a person 
who is trained by and employed di-
rectly by that certificate holder. 

(2) 

Covered work 

means any of the fol-

lowing: 

(i) Essential maintenance that could 

result in a failure, malfunction, or de-
fect endangering the safe operation of 
an aircraft if not performed properly or 
if improper parts or materials are used; 

(ii) Regularly scheduled mainte-

nance; or 

(iii) A required inspection item on an 

aircraft. 

(3) 

Directly in charge 

means having re-

sponsibility for covered work per-
formed by a maintenance provider. A 
representative of the certificate holder 
directly in charge of covered work does 
not need to physically observe and di-
rect each maintenance provider con-
stantly, but must be available for con-
sultation on matters requiring instruc-
tion or decision. 

(b) Each certificate holder must be 

directly in charge of all covered work 
done for it by a maintenance provider. 

(c) Each maintenance provider must 

perform all covered work in accordance 
with the certificate holder’s mainte-
nance manual. 

(d) No maintenance provider may 

perform covered work unless that work