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163 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.383 

recurring action, the time and date 
when the next action is required. 

(vii) A list of current major alter-

ations to each airframe, engine, pro-
peller, and appliance. 

(b) A certificate holder need not 

record the total time in service of an 
engine or propeller on a transport cat-
egory cargo airplane, a transport cat-
egory airplane that has a passenger 
seat configuration of more than 30 
seats, or a nontransport category air-
plane type certificated before January 
1, 1958, until the following, whichever 
occurs first: 

(1) March 20, 1997; or 
(2) The date of the first overhaul of 

the engine or propeller, as applicable, 
after January 19, 1996. 

(c) Each certificate holder shall re-

tain the records required to be kept by 
this section for the following periods: 

(1) Except for the records of the last 

complete overhaul of each airframe, 
engine, propeller, and appliance, the 
records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of 
this section shall be retained until the 
work is repeated or superseded by 
other work or for one year after the 
work is performed. 

(2) The records of the last complete 

overhaul of each airframe, engine, pro-
peller, and appliance shall be retained 
until the work is superseded by work of 
equivalent scope and detail. 

(3) The records specified in paragraph 

(a)(2) of this section shall be retained 
and transferred with the aircraft at the 
time the aircraft is sold. 

(d) The certificate holder shall make 

all maintenance records required to be 
kept by this section available for in-
spection by the Administrator or any 
authorized representative of the Na-
tional Transportation Safety Board 
(NTSB). 

[Doc. No. 10658, 37 FR 15983, Aug. 9, 1972, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–251, 60 FR 65933, Dec. 
20, 1995; Amdt. 121–321, 71 FR 536, Jan. 4, 2006] 

§ 121.380a Transfer of maintenance 

records. 

Each certificate holder who sells a 

U.S. registered aircraft shall transfer 
to the purchaser, at the time of sale, 
the following records of that aircraft, 
in plain language form or in coded form 
at the election of the purchaser, if the 
coded form provides for the preserva-

tion and retrieval of information in a 
manner acceptable to the Adminis-
trator: 

(a) The record specified in 

§ 121.380(a)(2). 

(b) The records specified in 

§ 121.380(a)(1) which are not included in 
the records covered by paragraph (a) of 
this section, except that the purchaser 
may permit the seller to keep physical 
custody of such records. However, cus-
tody of records in the seller does not 
relieve the purchaser of his responsi-
bility under § 121.380(c) to make the 
records available for inspection by the 
Administrator or any authorized rep-
resentative of the National Transpor-
tation Safety Board (NTSB). 

[Doc. No. 10658, 37 FR 15984, Aug. 9, 1972] 

Subpart M—Airman and 

Crewmember Requirements 

S

OURCE

: Docket No. 6258, 29 FR 19212, Dec. 

31, 1964, unless otherwise noted. 

§ 121.381 Applicability. 

This subpart prescribes airman and 

crewmember requirements for all cer-
tificate holders. 

§ 121.383 Airman: Limitations on use of 

services. 

(a) No certificate holder may use any 

person as an airman nor may any per-
son serve as an airman unless that per-
son— 

(1) Holds an appropriate current air-

man certificate issued by the FAA; 

(2) Has in his or her possession while 

engaged in operations under this part— 

(i) Any required appropriate current 

airman and medical certificates; or 

(ii) A temporary document issued in 

accordance with paragraph (c) of this 
section; and 

(3) Is otherwise qualified for the oper-

ation for which he is to be used. 

(b) Each airman covered by para-

graph (a)(2) of this section shall 
present his or her certificates or tem-
porary document for inspection upon 
request of the Administrator. 

(c) A certificate holder may obtain 

approval to provide a temporary docu-
ment verifying a flightcrew member’s 

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164 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.385 

airman certificate and medical certifi-
cate privileges under an approved cer-
tificate verification plan set forth in 
the certificate holder’s operations 
specifications. A document provided by 
the certificate holder may be carried as 
an airman certificate or medical cer-
tificate on flights within the United 
States for up to 72 hours. 

(d) No certificate holder may use the 

services of any person as a pilot on an 
airplane engaged in operations under 
this part if that person has reached his 
or her 65th birthday. 

(e) No pilot may serve as a pilot in 

operations under this part if that per-
son has reached his or her 65th birth-
day. 

[Doc. No. 6258, 29 FR 19212, Dec. 31, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–144, 43 FR 22646, May 
25, 1978; Amdt. 121–344, 74 FR 34234, July 15, 
2009; Amdt. 121–372, 80 FR 33401, June 12, 2015; 
Amdt. 121–381, 83 FR 30282, June 27, 2018] 

§ 121.385 Composition of flight crew. 

(a) No certificate holder may operate 

an airplane with less than the min-
imum flight crew in the airworthiness 
certificate or the airplane Flight Man-
ual approved for that type airplane and 
required by this part for the kind of op-
eration being conducted. 

(b) In any case in which this part re-

quires the performance of two or more 
functions for which an airman certifi-
cate is necessary, that requirement is 
not satisfied by the performance of 
multiple functions at the same time by 
one airman. 

(c) The minimum pilot crew is two 

pilots and the certificate holder shall 
designate one pilot as pilot in com-
mand and the other second in com-
mand. 

(d) On each flight requiring a flight 

engineer at least one flight crew-
member, other than the flight engi-
neer, must be qualified to provide 
emergency performance of the flight 
engineer’s functions for the safe com-
pletion of the flight if the flight engi-
neer becomes ill or is otherwise inca-
pacitated. A pilot need not hold a 
flight engineer’s certificate to perform 

the flight engineer’s functions in such 
a situation. 

[Doc. No. 6258, 29 FR 19212, Dec. 31, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–178, 47 FR 13316, Mar. 
29, 1982; Amdt. 121–256, 61 FR 30434, June 14, 
1996] 

§ 121.387 Flight engineer. 

No certificate holder may operate an 

airplane for which a type certificate 
was issued before January 2, 1964, hav-
ing a maximum certificated takeoff 
weight of more than 80,000 pounds with-
out a flight crewmember holding a cur-
rent flight engineer certificate. For 
each airplane type certificated after 
January 1, 1964, the requirement for a 
flight engineer is determined under the 
type certification requirements of 
§ 25.1523. 

[Doc. No. 5025, 30 FR 6067, Apr. 29, 1965] 

§ 121.389 Flight navigator and special-

ized navigation equipment. 

(a) No certificate holder may operate 

an airplane outside the 48 contiguous 
States and the District of Columbia, 
when its position cannot be reliably 
fixed for a period of more than 1 hour, 
without— 

(1) A flight crewmember who holds a 

current flight navigator certificate; or 

(2) Specialized means of navigation 

approved in accordance with § 121.355 
which enables a reliable determination 
to be made of the position of the air-
plane by each pilot seated at his duty 
station. 

(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of 

this section, the Administrator may 
also require a flight navigator or spe-
cial navigation equipment, or both, 
when specialized means of navigation 
are necessary for 1 hour or less. In 
making this determination, the Admin-
istrator considers— 

(1) The speed of the airplane; 
(2) Normal weather conditions en 

route; 

(3) Extent of air traffic control; 
(4) Traffic congestion; 
(5) Area of navigational radio cov-

erage at destination; 

(6) Fuel requirements; 
(7) Fuel available for return to point 

of departure or alternates; 

(8) Predication of flight upon oper-

ation beyond the point of no return; 
and