172 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.408 

(d) An FFS approved under this sec-

tion must be used instead of the air-
plane to satisfy the pilot flight train-
ing requirements prescribed in the cer-
tificate holder’s approved low-altitude 
windshear flight training program set 
forth in § 121.409(d) of this part. 

(e) An FFS approved under this sec-

tion must be used instead of the air-
plane to satisfy the pilot flight train-
ing requirements prescribed in the ex-
tended envelope training set forth in 
§ 121.423 of this part. Compliance with 
this paragraph is required no later 
than March 12, 2019. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 3, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–161, 45 FR 44183, June 
30, 1980; Amdt. 121–199, 53 FR 37696, Sept. 27, 
1988; Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67836, Nov. 12, 2013; 
Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10921, Feb. 25, 2020] 

§ 121.408 Training equipment other 

than flight simulation training de-

vices. 

(a) The Administrator must approve 

training equipment used in a training 
program approved under this part and 
that functionally replicates aircraft 
equipment for the certificate holder 
and the crewmember duty or proce-
dure. Training equipment does not in-
clude FSTDs qualified under part 60 of 
this chapter. 

(b) The certificate holder must dem-

onstrate that the training equipment 
described in paragraph (a) of this sec-
tion, used to meet the training require-
ments of this subpart, meets all of the 
following: 

(1) The form, fit, function, and 

weight, as appropriate, of the aircraft 
equipment. 

(2) Replicates the normal operation 

(and abnormal and emergency oper-
ation, if appropriate) of the aircraft 
equipment including the following: 

(i) The required force, actions and 

travel of the aircraft equipment. 

(ii) Variations in aircraft equipment 

operated by the certificate holder, if 
applicable. 

(3) Replicates the operation of the 

aircraft equipment under adverse con-
ditions, if appropriate. 

(c) Training equipment must be 

modified to ensure that it maintains 
the performance and function of the 
aircraft type or aircraft equipment rep-
licated. 

(d) All training equipment must have 

a record of discrepancies. The docu-
menting system must be readily avail-
able for review by each instructor, 
check airman or supervisor, prior to 
conducting training or checking with 
that equipment. 

(1) Each instructor, check airman or 

supervisor conducting training or 
checking, and each person conducting 
an inspection of the equipment who 
discovers a discrepancy, including any 
missing, malfunctioning or inoperative 
components, must record a description 
of that discrepancy and the date that 
the discrepancy was identified. 

(2) All corrections to discrepancies 

must be recorded when the corrections 
are made. This record must include the 
date of the correction. 

(3) A record of a discrepancy must be 

maintained for at least 60 days. 

(e) No person may use, allow the use 

of, or offer the use of training equip-
ment with a missing, malfunctioning, 
or inoperative component to meet the 
crewmember training or checking re-
quirements of this chapter for tasks 
that require the use of the correctly 
operating component. 

(f) Compliance with this section is re-

quired no later than March 12, 2019. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2008–0677, 78 FR 67837, Nov. 12, 
2013] 

§ 121.409 Training courses using flight 

simulation training devices. 

(a) Training courses utilizing FSTDs 

may be included in the certificate hold-
er’s approved training program for use 
as provided in this section. 

(b) Except for the airline transport 

pilot certification training program ap-
proved to satisfy the requirements of 
§ 61.156 of this chapter, a course of 
training in an FFS may be included for 
use as provided in § 121.441 if that 
course— 

(1) Provides at least 4 hours of train-

ing at the pilot controls of an FFS as 
well as a proper briefing before and 
after the training. 

(2) Provides training in at least the 

following: 

(i) The procedures and maneuvers set 

forth in appendix F to this part; or 

(ii) Line-oriented flight training 

(LOFT) that— 

(A) Before March 12, 2019, 

173 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.410 

(

1

) Utilizes a complete flight crew; 

(

2

) Includes at least the maneuvers 

and procedures (abnormal and emer-
gency) that may be expected in line op-
erations; and 

(

3

) Is representative of the flight seg-

ment appropriate to the operations 
being conducted by the certificate 
holder. 

(B) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b)(2)(ii)(B)(

6

) of this section, beginning 

on March 12, 2019— 

(

1

) Utilizes a complete flight crew; 

(

2

) Includes at least the maneuvers 

and procedures (abnormal and emer-
gency) that may be expected in line op-
erations; 

(

3

) Includes scenario-based or maneu-

ver-based stall prevention training be-
fore, during or after the LOFT scenario 
for each pilot; 

(

4

) Is representative of two flight seg-

ments appropriate to the operations 
being conducted by the certificate 
holder; 

(

5

) Provides an opportunity to dem-

onstrate workload management and 
pilot monitoring skills; and 

(

6

) Beginning on April 27, 2023, pro-

vides an opportunity for each pilot in 
command to demonstrate leadership 
and command skills. 

(3) Is given by an instructor who 

meets the applicable requirements of 
§ 121.412. 

(c) The programmed hours of flight 

training set forth in this subpart do 
not apply if the training program for 
the airplane type includes— 

(1) A course of pilot training in an 

FFS as provided in § 121.424(e); or 

(2) A course of flight engineer train-

ing in an FSTD as provided in 
§ 121.425(d). 

(d) Each certificate holder required 

to comply with § 121.358 of this part 
must use an approved FFS for each air-
plane type in each of its pilot training 
courses that provides training in at 
least the procedures and maneuvers set 
forth in the certificate holder’s ap-
proved low-altitude windshear flight 
training program. The approved low-al-
titude windshear flight training, if ap-
plicable, must be included in each of 
the pilot flight training courses pre-

scribed in §§ 121.409(b), 121.418, 121.424, 
121.426, and 121.427 of this part. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 3, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–130, 41 FR 47229, Oct. 
28, 1976; Amdt. 121–144, 43 FR 22646, May 25, 
1978; Amdt. 121–199, 53 FR 37696, Sept. 27, 1988; 
Amdt. 121–264, 62 FR 23120, Apr. 28, 1997; 
Amdt. 121–365, 78 FR 42377, July 15, 2013; 
Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67837, Nov. 12, 2013; 
Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10921, Feb. 25, 2020; 
Amdt. 121–384, 85 FR 39070, June 30, 2020] 

§ 121.410 Airline transport pilot certifi-

cation training program. 

(a) A certificate holder may obtain 

approval to establish and implement a 
training program to satisfy the re-
quirements of § 61.156 of this chapter. 
The training program must be separate 
from the air carrier training program 
required by this part. 

(b) No certificate holder may use a 

person nor may any person serve as an 
instructor in a training program ap-
proved to meet the requirements of 
§ 61.156 of this chapter unless the in-
structor: 

(1) Holds an airline transport pilot 

certificate with an airplane category 
multiengine class rating; 

(2) Has at least 2 years of experience 

as a pilot in command in operations 
conducted under § 91.1053(a)(2)(i) or 
§ 135.243(a)(1) of this chapter, or as a 
pilot in command or second in com-
mand in any operation conducted 
under this part; 

(3) Except for the holder of a flight 

instructor certificate, receives initial 
training on the following topics: 

(i) The fundamental principles of the 

learning process; 

(ii) Elements of effective teaching, 

instruction methods, and techniques; 

(iii) Instructor duties, privileges, re-

sponsibilities, and limitations; 

(iv) Training policies and procedures; 

and 

(v) Evaluation. 
(4) If providing training in a flight 

simulation training device, hold an air-
craft type rating for the aircraft rep-
resented by the flight simulation train-
ing device utilized in the training pro-
gram and have received training within 
the preceding 12 months from the cer-
tificate holder on: 

(i) Proper operation of flight simu-

lator and flight training device con-
trols and systems;