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173 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.410 

(

1

) Utilizes a complete flight crew; 

(

2

) Includes at least the maneuvers 

and procedures (abnormal and emer-
gency) that may be expected in line op-
erations; and 

(

3

) Is representative of the flight seg-

ment appropriate to the operations 
being conducted by the certificate 
holder. 

(B) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b)(2)(ii)(B)(

6

) of this section, beginning 

on March 12, 2019— 

(

1

) Utilizes a complete flight crew; 

(

2

) Includes at least the maneuvers 

and procedures (abnormal and emer-
gency) that may be expected in line op-
erations; 

(

3

) Includes scenario-based or maneu-

ver-based stall prevention training be-
fore, during or after the LOFT scenario 
for each pilot; 

(

4

) Is representative of two flight seg-

ments appropriate to the operations 
being conducted by the certificate 
holder; 

(

5

) Provides an opportunity to dem-

onstrate workload management and 
pilot monitoring skills; and 

(

6

) Beginning on April 27, 2023, pro-

vides an opportunity for each pilot in 
command to demonstrate leadership 
and command skills. 

(3) Is given by an instructor who 

meets the applicable requirements of 
§ 121.412. 

(c) The programmed hours of flight 

training set forth in this subpart do 
not apply if the training program for 
the airplane type includes— 

(1) A course of pilot training in an 

FFS as provided in § 121.424(e); or 

(2) A course of flight engineer train-

ing in an FSTD as provided in 
§ 121.425(d). 

(d) Each certificate holder required 

to comply with § 121.358 of this part 
must use an approved FFS for each air-
plane type in each of its pilot training 
courses that provides training in at 
least the procedures and maneuvers set 
forth in the certificate holder’s ap-
proved low-altitude windshear flight 
training program. The approved low-al-
titude windshear flight training, if ap-
plicable, must be included in each of 
the pilot flight training courses pre-

scribed in §§ 121.409(b), 121.418, 121.424, 
121.426, and 121.427 of this part. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 3, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–130, 41 FR 47229, Oct. 
28, 1976; Amdt. 121–144, 43 FR 22646, May 25, 
1978; Amdt. 121–199, 53 FR 37696, Sept. 27, 1988; 
Amdt. 121–264, 62 FR 23120, Apr. 28, 1997; 
Amdt. 121–365, 78 FR 42377, July 15, 2013; 
Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67837, Nov. 12, 2013; 
Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10921, Feb. 25, 2020; 
Amdt. 121–384, 85 FR 39070, June 30, 2020] 

§ 121.410 Airline transport pilot certifi-

cation training program. 

(a) A certificate holder may obtain 

approval to establish and implement a 
training program to satisfy the re-
quirements of § 61.156 of this chapter. 
The training program must be separate 
from the air carrier training program 
required by this part. 

(b) No certificate holder may use a 

person nor may any person serve as an 
instructor in a training program ap-
proved to meet the requirements of 
§ 61.156 of this chapter unless the in-
structor: 

(1) Holds an airline transport pilot 

certificate with an airplane category 
multiengine class rating; 

(2) Has at least 2 years of experience 

as a pilot in command in operations 
conducted under § 91.1053(a)(2)(i) or 
§ 135.243(a)(1) of this chapter, or as a 
pilot in command or second in com-
mand in any operation conducted 
under this part; 

(3) Except for the holder of a flight 

instructor certificate, receives initial 
training on the following topics: 

(i) The fundamental principles of the 

learning process; 

(ii) Elements of effective teaching, 

instruction methods, and techniques; 

(iii) Instructor duties, privileges, re-

sponsibilities, and limitations; 

(iv) Training policies and procedures; 

and 

(v) Evaluation. 
(4) If providing training in a flight 

simulation training device, hold an air-
craft type rating for the aircraft rep-
resented by the flight simulation train-
ing device utilized in the training pro-
gram and have received training within 
the preceding 12 months from the cer-
tificate holder on: 

(i) Proper operation of flight simu-

lator and flight training device con-
trols and systems; 

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174 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.411 

(ii) Proper operation of environ-

mental and fault panels; 

(iii) Data and motion limitations of 

simulation; 

(iv) Minimum equipment require-

ments for each curriculum; and 

(v) The maneuvers that will be dem-

onstrated in the flight simulation 
training device. 

(c) A certificate holder may not issue 

a graduation certificate to a student 
unless that student has completed all 
the curriculum requirements of the 
course. 

(d) A certificate holder must conduct 

evaluations to ensure that training 
techniques, procedures, and standards 
are acceptable to the Administrator. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2010–0100, 78 FR 42377, July 15, 
2013] 

§ 121.411 Qualifications: Check airmen 

(airplane) and check airmen (simu-

lator). 

(a) For the purposes of this section 

and § 121.413: 

(1) A check airman (airplane) is a 

person who is qualified, and permitted, 
to conduct flight checks or instruction 
in an airplane, in an FFS, or in a flight 
training device for a particular type 
airplane. 

(2) A check airman (simulator) is a 

person who is qualified to conduct 
flight checks or instruction, but only 
in an FFS or in a flight training device 
for a particular type airplane. 

(3) Check airmen (airplane) and 

check airmen (simulator) are those 
check airmen who perform the func-
tions described in § 121.401(a)(4). 

(b) No certificate holder may use a 

person, nor may any person serve as a 
check airman (airplane) in a training 
program established under this subpart 
unless, with respect to the airplane 
type involved, that person— 

(1) Holds the airman certificates and 

ratings required to serve as a pilot in 
command or flight engineer, as appli-
cable, in operations under this part; 

(2) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate training phases for the air-
plane, including recurrent training, 
that are required to serve as a pilot in 
command or flight engineer, as appli-
cable, in operations under this part; 

(3) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate proficiency or flight 

checks that are required to serve as a 
pilot in command or flight engineer, as 
applicable, in operations under this 
part; 

(4) Has satisfactorily completed the 

applicable training requirements of 
§ 121.413 including inflight training and 
practice for initial and transition 
training; 

(5) Holds at least a Class III medical 

certificate unless serving as a required 
crewmember, in which case holds a 
Class I or Class II medical certificate 
as appropriate; 

(6) Has satisfied the recency of expe-

rience requirements of § 121.439 of this 
part, as applicable; and 

(7) Has been approved by the Admin-

istrator for the check airman duties in-
volved. 

(c) No certificate holder may use a 

person nor may any person serve as a 
check airman (simulator) in a training 
program established under this subpart 
unless, with respect to the airplane 
type involved, that person meets the 
provisions of paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion, or— 

(1) Holds the airman certificates and 

ratings, except medical certificate, re-
quired to serve as a pilot in command 
or a flight engineer, as applicable, in 
operations under this part; 

(2) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate training phases for the air-
plane, including recurrent training, 
that are required to serve as a pilot in 
command or flight engineer, as appli-
cable, in operations under this part; 

(3) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate proficiency or flight 
checks that are required to serve as a 
pilot in command or flight engineer, as 
applicable, in operations under this 
part; 

(4) Has satisfactorily completed the 

applicable training requirements of 
§ 121.413; and 

(5) Has been approved by the Admin-

istrator for the check airman (simu-
lator) duties involved. 

(d) Completion of the requirements 

in paragraphs (b) (2), (3), and (4) or (c) 
(2), (3), and (4) of this section, as appli-
cable, shall be entered in the individ-
ual’s training record maintained by the 
certificate holder. 

(e) Check airmen who have reached 

their 65th birthday or who do not hold