177
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 121.414
(i) Proper operation of the controls
and systems;
(ii) Proper operation of environ-
mental and fault panels;
(iii) Data and motion limitations of
simulation; and
(iv) The minimum airplane simulator
equipment required by this part or part
60 of this chapter, for each maneuver
and procedure completed in an FFS or
a flight training device.
(e) The initial and transition flight
training for check airmen (airplane)
must include the following:
(1) The safety measures for emer-
gency situations that are likely to de-
velop during a check.
(2) The potential results of improper,
untimely, or non-execution of safety
measures during a check.
(3) For pilot check airman (air-
plane)—
(i) Training and practice in con-
ducting flight checks from the left and
right pilot seats in the required nor-
mal, abnormal, and emergency proce-
dures to ensure competence to conduct
the pilot flight checks required by this
part; and
(ii) The safety measures to be taken
from either pilot seat for emergency
situations that are likely to develop
during a check.
(4) For flight engineer check airmen
(airplane), training to ensure com-
petence to perform assigned duties.
(f) The requirements of paragraph (e)
of this section may be accomplished in
full or in part inflight, in an FFS, or in
a flight training device, as appropriate.
(g) The initial and transition flight
training for check airmen who conduct
training or checking in an FFS or a
flight training device must include the
following:
(1) Training and practice in con-
ducting flight checks in the required
normal, abnormal, and emergency pro-
cedures to ensure competence to con-
duct the flight checks required by this
part. This training and practice must
be accomplished in an FFS or in a
flight training device.
(2) Training in the operation of FFSs
or flight training devices, or both, to
ensure competence to conduct the
flight checks required by this part.
(h) Recurrent ground training for
check airmen who conduct training or
checking in an FFS or a flight training
device must be completed every 12 cal-
endar months and must include the
subjects required in paragraph (c)(7) of
this section.
(i) Compliance with paragraphs (c)(7),
(d)(2), and (h) of this section is required
no later than March 12, 2019.
[Doc. No. 28471, 61 FR 30743, June 17, 1996; 62
FR 3739, Jan. 24, 1997; Amdt. 121–264, 62 FR
23120, Apr. 28, 1997; Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67838,
Nov. 12, 2013; Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10922, Feb.
25, 2020]
§ 121.414 Initial, transition and recur-
rent training and checking require-
ments: flight instructors (airplane),
flight instructors (simulator).
(a) No certificate holder may use a
person nor may any person serve as a
flight instructor unless—
(1) That person has satisfactorily
completed initial or transition flight
instructor training; and
(2) Within the preceding 24 calendar
months, that person satisfactorily con-
ducts instruction under the observa-
tion of an FAA inspector, an operator
check airman, or an aircrew designated
examiner employed by the operator.
The observation check may be accom-
plished in part or in full in an airplane,
in an FFS, or in a flight training de-
vice.
(b) The observation check required
by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is
considered to have been completed in
the month required if completed in the
calendar month before, or the calendar
month after, the month in which it is
due.
(c) The initial ground training for
flight instructors must include the fol-
lowing:
(1) Flight instructor duties, func-
tions, and responsibilities.
(2) The applicable Code of Federal
Regulations and the certificate hold-
er’s policies and procedures.
(3) The appropriate methods, proce-
dures, and techniques for conducting
flight instruction.
(4) Proper evaluation of student per-
formance including the detection of—
(i) Improper and insufficient train-
ing; and
(ii) Personal characteristics of an ap-
plicant that could adversely affect
safety.
178
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 121.414
(5) The corrective action in the case
of unsatisfactory training progress.
(6) The approved methods, proce-
dures, and limitations for performing
the required normal, abnormal, and
emergency procedures in the airplane.
(7) Except for holders of a flight in-
structor certificate—
(i) The fundamental principles of the
teaching-learning process;
(ii) Teaching methods and proce-
dures; and
(iii) The instructor-student relation-
ship.
(8) For flight instructors who con-
duct training in an FFS or a flight
training device, the following subjects
specific to the device(s) for the air-
plane type:
(i) Proper operation of the controls
and systems;
(ii) Proper operation of environ-
mental and fault panels;
(iii) Data and motion limitations of
simulation; and
(iv) The minimum airplane simulator
equipment required by this part or part
60 of this chapter, for each maneuver
and procedure completed in an FFS or
a flight training device.
(d) The transition ground training for
flight instructors must include the fol-
lowing:
(1) The approved methods, proce-
dures, and limitations for performing
the required normal, abnormal, and
emergency procedures applicable to the
airplane to which the flight instructor
is transitioning.
(2) For flight instructors who con-
duct training in an FFS or a flight
training device, the following subjects
specific to the device(s) for the air-
plane type to which the flight instruc-
tor is transitioning:
(i) Proper operation of the controls
and systems;
(ii) Proper operation of environ-
mental and fault panels;
(iii) Data and motion limitations of
simulation; and
(iv) The minimum airplane simulator
equipment required by this part or part
60 of this chapter, for each maneuver
and procedure completed in an FFS or
a flight training device.
(e) The initial and transition flight
training for flight instructors (air-
plane) must include the following:
(1) The safety measures for emer-
gency situations that are likely to de-
velop during instruction.
(2) The potential results of improper,
untimely, or non-execution of safety
measures during instruction.
(3) For pilot flight instructor (air-
plane)—
(i) Inflight training and practice in
conducting flight instruction from the
left and right pilot seats in the re-
quired normal, abnormal, and emer-
gency procedures to ensure competence
as an instructor; and
(ii) The safety measures to be taken
from either pilot seat for emergency
situations that are likely to develop
during instruction.
(4) For flight engineer instructors
(airplane), inflight training to ensure
competence to perform assigned duties.
(f) The requirements of paragraph (e)
of this section may be accomplished in
full or in part inflight, in an FFS, or in
a flight training device, as appropriate.
(g) The initial and transition flight
training for flight instructors who con-
duct training in an FFS or a flight
training device must include the fol-
lowing:
(1) Training and practice in the re-
quired normal, abnormal, and emer-
gency procedures to ensure competence
to conduct the flight instruction re-
quired by this part. This training and
practice must be accomplished in full
or in part in an FFS or in a flight
training device.
(2) Training in the operation of FFSs
or flight training devices, or both, to
ensure competence to conduct the
flight instruction required by this part.
(h) Recurrent flight instructor
ground training for flight instructors
who conduct training in an FFS or a
flight training device must be com-
pleted every 12 calendar months and
must include the subjects required in
paragraph (c)(8) of this section.
(i) Compliance with paragraphs (c)(8),
(d)(2), and (h) of this section is required
no later than March 12, 2019.
[Doc. No. 28471, 61 FR 30743, June 17, 1996; 62
FR 3739, Jan. 24, 1997, as amended by Amdt.
121–366, 78 FR 67838, Nov. 12, 2013; Amdt. 121–
382, 85 FR 10922, Feb. 25, 2020]