182
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 121.419
(ii) Flight training in each appro-
priate maneuver or procedure required
for initial flight training in the air-
plane unless the Administrator finds
that particular maneuvers or proce-
dures are not necessary.
(iii) The number of programmed
hours of ground and flight training de-
termined by the Administrator to be
necessary for the airplane, the oper-
ation, and the crewmember or aircraft
dispatcher involved.
(2) Differences training for all vari-
ations of a particular type airplane
may be included in initial, transition,
conversion, upgrade, and recurrent
training for the airplane.
(b)
Related aircraft differences training.
(1) In order to seek approval of related
aircraft differences training for
flightcrew members, a certificate hold-
er must submit a request for related
aircraft designation to the Adminis-
trator, and obtain approval of that re-
quest.
(2) If the Administrator determines
under paragraph (b)(1) of this section
that a certificate holder is operating
related aircraft, the certificate holder
may submit to the Administrator a re-
quest for approval of a training pro-
gram that includes related aircraft dif-
ferences training.
(3) A request for approval of a train-
ing program that includes related air-
craft differences training must include
at least the following:
(i) Each appropriate subject required
for the ground training for the related
aircraft.
(ii) Each appropriate maneuver or
procedure required for the flight train-
ing and crewmember emergency train-
ing for the related aircraft.
(iii) The number of programmed
hours of ground training, flight train-
ing and crewmember emergency train-
ing necessary based on review of the re-
lated aircraft and the duty position.
(c)
Approved related aircraft differences
training.
Approved related aircraft dif-
ferences training for flightcrew mem-
bers may be included in initial, transi-
tion, conversion, upgrade and recurrent
training for the base aircraft. If the
certificate holder’s approved training
program includes related aircraft dif-
ferences training in accordance with
paragraph (b) of this section, the train-
ing required by §§ 121.419, 121.420,
121.424, 121.425, 121.426, and 121.427, as
applicable to flightcrew members, may
be modified for the related aircraft.
[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 3, 1970, as
amended by Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67839, Nov.
12, 2013; Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10922, Feb. 25,
2020]
§ 121.419 Pilots and flight engineers:
Initial, transition, conversion and
upgrade ground training.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section, initial and conver-
sion ground training for pilots and ini-
tial and transition ground training for
flight engineers, must include instruc-
tion in at least the following as appli-
cable to their assigned duties:
(1) General subjects—
(i) The certificate holder’s dispatch
or flight release procedures;
(ii) Principles and methods for deter-
mining weight and balance, and run-
way limitations for takeoff and land-
ing;
(iii) Enough meteorology to insure a
practical knowledge of weather phe-
nomena, including the principles of
frontal systems, icing, fog, thunder-
storms, and high altitude weather situ-
ations;
(iv) Air traffic control systems, pro-
cedures, and phraseology;
(v) Navigation and the use of naviga-
tion aids, including instrument ap-
proach procedures;
(vi) Normal and emergency commu-
nication procedures;
(vii) Visual cues prior to and during
descent below DA/DH or MDA;
(viii) Approved crew resource man-
agement initial training; and
(ix) Other instructions as necessary
to ensure pilot and flight engineer
competence.
(2) For each airplane type—
(i) A general description;
(ii) Performance characteristics;
(iii) Engines and propellers;
(iv) Major components;
(v) Major airplane systems (e.g.,
flight controls, electrical, hydraulic);
other systems as appropriate; prin-
ciples of normal, abnormal, and emer-
gency operations; appropriate proce-
dures and limitations;
(vi) Procedures for—
