184 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.420 

§ 121.420 Pilots: Upgrade ground train-

ing. 

(a) Upgrade ground training must in-

clude instruction in at least the fol-
lowing subjects as applicable to the du-
ties assigned to the pilot in command: 

(1) Seat dependent procedures, as ap-

plicable; 

(2) Duty position procedures, as ap-

plicable; and 

(3) Crew resource management, in-

cluding decision making, authority and 
responsibility, and conflict resolution. 

(b) In addition to the requirements in 

paragraph (a) of this section, upgrade 
ground training must include instruc-
tion and facilitated discussion on the 
following: 

(1) Leadership and command, includ-

ing flightcrew member duties under 
§ 121.542; and 

(2) Mentoring, including techniques 

for reinforcing the highest standards of 
technical performance, airmanship, 
and professional development in newly 
hired pilots. 

(c) Compliance date: Beginning on 

April 27, 2022, upgrade ground training 
must satisfy the requirements of this 
section. 

[Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10923, Feb. 25, 2020] 

§ 121.421 Flight attendants: Initial and 

transition ground training. 

(a) Initial and transition ground 

training for flight attendants must in-
clude instruction in at least the fol-
lowing: 

(1) General subjects— 
(i) The authority of the pilot in com-

mand; 

(ii) Passenger handling, including the 

procedures to be followed in the case of 
deranged persons or other persons 
whose conduct might jeopardize safety; 
and 

(iii) Approved crew resource manage-

ment initial training. 

(2) For each airplane type— 
(i) A general description of the air-

plane emphasizing physical character-
istics that may have a bearing on 
ditching, evacuation, and inflight 
emergency procedures and on other re-
lated duties; 

(ii) The use of both the public address 

system and the means of commu-
nicating with other flight crew-
members, including emergency means 

in the case of attempted hijacking or 
other unusual situations; and 

(iii) Proper use of electrical galley 

equipment and the controls for cabin 
heat and ventilation. 

(b) Initial and transition ground 

training for flight attendants must in-
clude a competence check to determine 
ability to perform assigned duties and 
responsibilities. 

(c) Initial ground training for flight 

attendants must consist of at least the 
following programmed hours of in-
struction in the subjects specified in 
paragraph (a) of this section and in 
§ 121.415(a) unless reduced under 
§ 121.405. 

(1) Group I airplanes— 
(i) Reciprocating powered, 8 hours; 

and 

(ii) Turbopropeller powered, 8 hours. 
(2) Group II airplanes, 16 hours. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 3, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 
20, 1995] 

§ 121.422 Aircraft dispatchers: Initial 

and transition ground training. 

(a) Initial and transition ground 

training for aircraft dispatchers must 
include instruction in at least the fol-
lowing: 

(1) General subjects— 
(i) Use of communications systems 

including the characteristics of those 
systems and the appropriate normal 
and emergency procedures; 

(ii) Meteorology, including various 

types of meteorological information 
and forecasts, interpretation of weath-
er data (including forecasting of en 
route and terminal temperatures and 
other weather conditions), frontal sys-
tems, wind conditions, and use of ac-
tual and prognostic weather charts for 
various altitudes; 

(iii) The NOTAM system; 
(iv) Navigational aids and publica-

tions; 

(v) Joint dispatcher-pilot responsibil-

ities; 

(vi) Characteristics of appropriate 

airports; 

(vii) Prevailing weather phenomena 

and the available sources of weather 
information; 

(viii) Air traffic control and instru-

ment approach procedures; and 

185 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.423 

(ix) Approved dispatcher resource 

management (DRM) initial training. 

(2) For each airplane— 
(i) A general description of the air-

plane emphasizing operating and per-
formance characteristics, navigation 
equipment, instrument approach and 
communication equipment, emergency 
equipment and procedures, and other 
subjects having a bearing on dispatcher 
duties and responsibilities; 

(ii) Flight operation procedures in-

cluding procedures specified in 
§ 121.419(a)(2)(vi); 

(iii) Weight and balance computa-

tions; 

(iv) Basic airplane performance dis-

patch requirements and procedures; 

(v) Flight planning including track 

selection, flight time analysis, and fuel 
requirements; and 

(vi) Emergency procedures. 
(3) Emergency procedures must be 

emphasized, including the alerting of 
proper governmental, company, and 
private agencies during emergencies to 
give maximum help to an airplane in 
distress. 

(b) Initial and transition ground 

training for aircraft dispatchers must 
include a competence check given by 
an appropriate supervisor or ground in-
structor that demonstrates knowledge 
and ability with the subjects set forth 
in paragraph (a) of this section. 

(c) Initial ground training for air-

craft dispatchers must consist of at 
least the following programmed hours 
of instruction in the subjects specified 
in paragraph (a) of this section and in 
§ 121.415(a) unless reduced under 
§ 121.405: 

(1) Group I airplanes— 
(i) Reciprocating powered, 30 hours; 

and 

(ii) Turbopropeller powered, 40 hours. 
(2) Group II airplanes, 40 hours. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 3, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 
20, 1995] 

§ 121.423 Pilots: Extended Envelope 

Training. 

(a) Each certificate holder must in-

clude in its approved training program, 
the extended envelope training set 
forth in this section with respect to 
each airplane type for each pilot. The 
extended envelope training required by 

this section must be performed in a 
Level C or higher full flight simulator, 
approved by the Administrator in ac-
cordance with § 121.407 of this part. 

(b) Extended envelope training must 

include the following maneuvers and 
procedures: 

(1) Manually controlled slow flight; 
(2) Manually controlled loss of reli-

able airspeed; 

(3) Manually controlled instrument 

departure and arrival; 

(4) Upset recovery maneuvers; and 
(5) Recovery from bounced landing. 
(c) Extended envelope training must 

include instructor-guided hands on ex-
perience of recovery from full stall and 
stick pusher activation, if equipped. 

(d) Recurrent training: Within 24 cal-

endar months preceding service as a 
pilot, each person must satisfactorily 
complete the extended envelope train-
ing described in paragraphs (b)(1) 
through (4) and (c) of this section. 
Within 36 calendar months preceding 
service as a pilot, each person must 
satisfactorily complete the extended 
envelope training described in para-
graph (b)(5) of this section. 

(e) Deviation from use of Level C or 

higher full flight simulator: 

(1) A certificate holder may submit a 

request to the Administrator for ap-
proval of a deviation from the require-
ments of paragraph (a) of this section 
to conduct the extended envelope 
training using an alternative method 
to meet the learning objectives of this 
section. 

(2) A request for deviation from para-

graph (a) of this section must include 
the following information: 

(i) A simulator availability assess-

ment, including hours by specific simu-
lator and location of the simulator, 
and a simulator shortfall analysis that 
includes the training that cannot be 
completed in a Level C or higher full 
flight simulator; and 

(ii) Alternative methods for achiev-

ing the learning objectives of this sec-
tion. 

(3) A certificate holder may request 

an extension of a deviation issued 
under this section. 

(4) Deviations or extensions to devi-

ations will be issued for a period not to 
exceed 12 months.