187 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.426 

training must be provided as specified 
in § 121.426. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 3, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–199, 53 FR 37697, Sept. 
27, 1988; Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67840, Nov. 12, 
2013; Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10923, Feb. 25, 2020; 
Amdt. 121–384, 85 FR 39070, June 30, 2020] 

§ 121.425 Flight engineers: Initial and 

transition flight training. 

(a) Initial and transition flight train-

ing for flight engineers must include at 
least the following: 

(1) Training and practice in proce-

dures related to the carrying out of 
flight engineer duties and functions. 
This training and practice may be ac-
complished either inflight or in an 
FSTD. 

(2) A flight check that includes— 
(i) Preflight inspection; 
(ii) Inflight performance of assigned 

duties accomplished from the flight en-
gineer station during taxi, runup, take-
off, climb, cruise, descent, approach, 
and landing; 

(iii) Accomplishment of other func-

tions, such as fuel management and 
preparation of fuel consumption 
records, and normal and emergency or 
alternate operation of all airplane 
flight systems, performed either 
inflight or in an FSTD. 

(b) Flight engineers possessing a 

commercial pilot certificate with an 
instrument, category and class rating, 
or pilots already qualified as second in 
command and reverting to flight engi-
neer, may complete the entire flight 
check, required by paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section, in an approved FFS. 

(c) Except as permitted in paragraph 

(d) of this section, the initial flight 
training required by paragraph (a) of 
this section must include at least the 
same number of programmed hours of 
flight training and practice that are 
specified for a second in command pilot 
under § 121.424(c) unless reduced under 
§ 121.405. 

(d) If the certificate holder’s ap-

proved training program includes a 
course of training utilizing an FSTD 
under § 121.409(c), each flight engineer 
must successfully complete in the 
FSTD — 

(1) Training and practice in at least 

all of the assigned duties, procedures, 

and functions required by paragraph (a) 
of this section; and 

(2) A flight check to a flight engineer 

level of proficiency in the assigned du-
ties, procedures, and functions. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 3, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–144, 43 FR 22647, May 
25, 1978; Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10923, Feb. 25, 
2020] 

§ 121.426 Pilots: Upgrade flight train-

ing. 

(a) Upgrade flight training for pilots 

must include the following: 

(1) Seat dependent maneuvers and 

procedures, as applicable; 

(2) Duty position maneuvers and pro-

cedures, as applicable; 

(3) Extended envelope training set 

forth in § 121.423; 

(4) Maneuvers and procedures set 

forth in the certificate holder’s low al-
titude windshear flight training pro-
gram; 

(5) Sufficient scenario-based training 

incorporating CRM and leadership and 
command skills, to ensure the pilot’s 
proficiency as pilot in command; and 

(6) Sufficient training to ensure the 

pilot’s knowledge and skill with re-
spect to the following: 

(i) The airplane, its systems and com-

ponents; 

(ii) Proper control of airspeed, con-

figuration, direction, altitude, and at-
titude in accordance with the Airplane 
Flight Manual, the certificate holder’s 
operations manual, checklists, or other 
approved material appropriate to the 
airplane type; and 

(iii) Compliance with ATC, instru-

ment procedures, or other applicable 
procedures. 

(b) The training required by para-

graph (a) of this section must be per-
formed inflight except— 

(1) That windshear maneuvers and 

procedures must be performed in an 
FFS in which the maneuvers and pro-
cedures are specifically authorized to 
be accomplished; 

(2) That the extended envelope train-

ing required by § 121.423 must be per-
formed in a Level C or higher FFS un-
less the Administrator has issued to 
the certificate holder a deviation in ac-
cordance with § 121.423(e); and 

188 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.427 

(3) To the extent that certain other 

maneuvers and procedures may be per-
formed in an FFS, an FTD, or a static 
airplane as permitted in Appendix E of 
this part. 

(c) If the certificate holder’s ap-

proved training program includes a 
course of training utilizing an FFS 
under § 121.409(c) and (d), each pilot 
must successfully complete— 

(1) With respect to § 121.409(c)—A pro-

ficiency check in the FFS or the air-
plane to the level of proficiency of a 
pilot in command in at least the ma-
neuvers and procedures set forth in Ap-
pendix F of this part that are capable 
of being performed in an FFS. 

(2) With respect to § 121.409(d), train-

ing and practice in at least the maneu-
vers and procedures set forth in the 
certificate holder’s approved low-alti-
tude windshear flight training program 
that are capable of being performed in 
an FFS in which the maneuvers and 
procedures are specifically authorized. 

(d) Compliance dates: Beginning on 

April 27, 2022, upgrade flight training 
must satisfy the requirements of this 
section. 

[Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10924, Feb. 25, 2020] 

§ 121.427 Recurrent training. 

(a) Recurrent training must ensure 

that each crewmember or aircraft dis-
patcher is adequately trained and cur-
rently proficient with respect to the 
type airplane (including differences 
training, if applicable) and crew-
member position involved. 

(b) Recurrent ground training for 

crewmembers and dispatchers must in-
clude at least the following: 

(1) A quiz or other review to deter-

mine the state of the crewmember’s or 
dispatcher’s knowledge with respect to 
the airplane and position involved. 

(2) Instruction as necessary in the 

following: 

(i) For pilots, the subjects required 

for ground training by §§ 121.415(a)(1), 
(3), and (4) and 121.419(b); 

(ii) For flight engineers, the subjects 

required for ground training by 
§§ 121.415(a)(1), (3), and (4) and 121.419(a); 

(iii) For flight attendants, the sub-

jects required for ground training by 
§§ 121.415(a)(1), (3), and (4) and 121.421(a); 
and 

(iv) For aircraft dispatchers, the sub-

jects required for ground training by 
§§ 121.415(a)(1) and (4) and 121.422(a). 

(3) For flight attendants and dis-

patchers, a competence check as re-
quired by §§ 121.421(b) and 121.422(b), re-
spectively. 

(4) For crewmembers, CRM training 

and for aircraft dispatchers, DRM 
training. For flightcrew members, CRM 
training or portions thereof may be ac-
complished during an approved FFS 
line-oriented flight training (LOFT) 
session. 

(c) Recurrent ground training for 

crewmembers and aircraft dispatchers 
must consist of at least the following 
programmed hours of instruction in 
the required subjects specified in para-
graph (b) of this section unless reduced 
under § 121.405: 

(1) For pilots— 
(i) Group I reciprocating powered air-

planes, 15 hours; 

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered 

airplanes, 19 hours; and 

(iii) Group II airplanes, 24 hours. 
(2) For flight engineers— 
(i) Group I, reciprocating powered 

airplanes, 16 hours; 

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered 

airplanes, 20 hours; and 

(iii) Group II airplanes, 25 hours. 
(3) For flight attendants— 
(i) Group I reciprocating powered air-

planes, 4 hours; 

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered 

airplanes, 5 hours; and 

(iii) Group II airplanes, 12 hours. 
(4) For aircraft dispatchers— 
(i) Group I reciprocating powered air-

planes, 8 hours; 

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered 

airplanes, 10 hours; and 

(iii) Group II airplanes, 20 hours. 
(d) Recurrent ground training for pi-

lots serving as pilot in command: 

(1) Within 36 months preceding serv-

ice as pilot in command, each person 
must complete recurrent ground train-
ing on leadership and command and 
mentoring. This training is in addition 
to the ground training required in 
paragraph (b) of this section and the 
programmed hours required in para-
graph (c) of this section. This training 
must include instruction and facili-
tated discussion on the following: