188 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.427 

(3) To the extent that certain other 

maneuvers and procedures may be per-
formed in an FFS, an FTD, or a static 
airplane as permitted in Appendix E of 
this part. 

(c) If the certificate holder’s ap-

proved training program includes a 
course of training utilizing an FFS 
under § 121.409(c) and (d), each pilot 
must successfully complete— 

(1) With respect to § 121.409(c)—A pro-

ficiency check in the FFS or the air-
plane to the level of proficiency of a 
pilot in command in at least the ma-
neuvers and procedures set forth in Ap-
pendix F of this part that are capable 
of being performed in an FFS. 

(2) With respect to § 121.409(d), train-

ing and practice in at least the maneu-
vers and procedures set forth in the 
certificate holder’s approved low-alti-
tude windshear flight training program 
that are capable of being performed in 
an FFS in which the maneuvers and 
procedures are specifically authorized. 

(d) Compliance dates: Beginning on 

April 27, 2022, upgrade flight training 
must satisfy the requirements of this 
section. 

[Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10924, Feb. 25, 2020] 

§ 121.427 Recurrent training. 

(a) Recurrent training must ensure 

that each crewmember or aircraft dis-
patcher is adequately trained and cur-
rently proficient with respect to the 
type airplane (including differences 
training, if applicable) and crew-
member position involved. 

(b) Recurrent ground training for 

crewmembers and dispatchers must in-
clude at least the following: 

(1) A quiz or other review to deter-

mine the state of the crewmember’s or 
dispatcher’s knowledge with respect to 
the airplane and position involved. 

(2) Instruction as necessary in the 

following: 

(i) For pilots, the subjects required 

for ground training by §§ 121.415(a)(1), 
(3), and (4) and 121.419(b); 

(ii) For flight engineers, the subjects 

required for ground training by 
§§ 121.415(a)(1), (3), and (4) and 121.419(a); 

(iii) For flight attendants, the sub-

jects required for ground training by 
§§ 121.415(a)(1), (3), and (4) and 121.421(a); 
and 

(iv) For aircraft dispatchers, the sub-

jects required for ground training by 
§§ 121.415(a)(1) and (4) and 121.422(a). 

(3) For flight attendants and dis-

patchers, a competence check as re-
quired by §§ 121.421(b) and 121.422(b), re-
spectively. 

(4) For crewmembers, CRM training 

and for aircraft dispatchers, DRM 
training. For flightcrew members, CRM 
training or portions thereof may be ac-
complished during an approved FFS 
line-oriented flight training (LOFT) 
session. 

(c) Recurrent ground training for 

crewmembers and aircraft dispatchers 
must consist of at least the following 
programmed hours of instruction in 
the required subjects specified in para-
graph (b) of this section unless reduced 
under § 121.405: 

(1) For pilots— 
(i) Group I reciprocating powered air-

planes, 15 hours; 

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered 

airplanes, 19 hours; and 

(iii) Group II airplanes, 24 hours. 
(2) For flight engineers— 
(i) Group I, reciprocating powered 

airplanes, 16 hours; 

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered 

airplanes, 20 hours; and 

(iii) Group II airplanes, 25 hours. 
(3) For flight attendants— 
(i) Group I reciprocating powered air-

planes, 4 hours; 

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered 

airplanes, 5 hours; and 

(iii) Group II airplanes, 12 hours. 
(4) For aircraft dispatchers— 
(i) Group I reciprocating powered air-

planes, 8 hours; 

(ii) Group I turbopropeller powered 

airplanes, 10 hours; and 

(iii) Group II airplanes, 20 hours. 
(d) Recurrent ground training for pi-

lots serving as pilot in command: 

(1) Within 36 months preceding serv-

ice as pilot in command, each person 
must complete recurrent ground train-
ing on leadership and command and 
mentoring. This training is in addition 
to the ground training required in 
paragraph (b) of this section and the 
programmed hours required in para-
graph (c) of this section. This training 
must include instruction and facili-
tated discussion on the following: 

189 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.431 

(i) Leadership and command, includ-

ing instruction on flightcrew member 
duties under § 121.542; and 

(ii) Mentoring, including techniques 

for instilling and reinforcing the high-
est standards of technical performance, 
airmanship, and professionalism in 
newly hired pilots. 

(2) The requirements of paragraph 

(d)(1) do not apply until after a pilot 
has completed ground training on lead-
ership and command and mentoring, as 
required by §§ 121.419, 121.420 and 121.429, 
as applicable. 

(e) Recurrent flight training for 

flightcrew members must include at 
least the following: 

(1) For pilots— 
(i) Extended envelope training as re-

quired by § 121.423 of this part; and 

(ii) Flight training in an approved 

FFS in maneuvers and procedures set 
forth in the certificate holder’s ap-
proved low-altitude windshear flight 
training program and flight training in 
maneuvers and procedures set forth in 
Appendix F of this part, or in a flight 
training program approved by the Ad-
ministrator, except as follows— 

(A) The number of programmed 

inflight hours is not specified; and 

(B) Satisfactory completion of a pro-

ficiency check may be substituted for 
recurrent flight training as permitted 
in § 121.433(c) and (e) of this part. 

(2) For flight engineers, flight train-

ing as provided by § 121.425(a) except as 
follows— 

(i) The specified number of inflight 

hours is not required; and 

(ii) The flight check, other than the 

preflight inspection, may be conducted 
in an FSTD. The preflight inspection 
may be conducted in an airplane, or by 
using an approved pictorial means that 
realistically portrays the location and 
detail of preflight inspection items and 
provides for the portrayal of abnormal 
conditions. Satisfactory completion of 
an approved line-oriented flight train-
ing may be substituted for the flight 
check. 

(f) Compliance and pilot programmed 

hours: 

(1) Compliance with the requirements 

identified in paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this 
section is required no later than March 
12, 2019. 

(2) After March 12, 2019, recurrent 

programmed hours applicable to pilots 
as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this 
section must include 30 additional min-
utes. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 30, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–80, 36 FR 19362, Oct. 5, 
1971; Amdt. 121–144, 43 FR 22647, May 25, 1978; 
Amdt.121–199, 53 FR 37697, Sept. 27, 1988; 
Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 20, 1995; 
Amdt. 121–281, 66 FR 19043, Apr. 12, 2001; 
Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67840, Nov. 12, 2013; 
Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10924, Feb. 25, 2020] 

§ 121.429 Pilots in command: Leader-

ship and command and mentoring 
training. 

(a) Beginning on April 27, 2023, no 

certificate holder may use a pilot as 
pilot in command in an operation 
under this part unless the pilot has 
completed the following ground train-
ing in accordance with the certificate 
holder’s approved training program: 

(1) Leadership and command training 

in § 121.419(c)(1) and mentoring training 
in § 121.419(c)(2); or 

(2) Leadership and command training 

in § 121.420(b)(1) and mentoring training 
in § 121.420(b)(2). 

(b) Credit for training provided by 

the certificate holder: 

(1) The Administrator may credit 

leadership and command training and 
mentoring training completed by the 
pilot, with that certificate holder, after 
April 27, 2017, and prior to April 27, 
2020, toward all or part of the training 
required by paragraph (a) of this sec-
tion. 

(2) In granting credit for the training 

required by paragraph (a) of this sec-
tion, the Administrator may consider 
training aids, devices, methods, and 
procedures used by the certificate hold-
er in voluntary leadership and com-
mand and mentoring instruction. 

[Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10925, Feb. 25, 2020] 

Subpart O—Crewmember 

Qualifications 

§ 121.431 Applicability. 

(a) This subpart: 
(1) Prescribes crewmember qualifica-

tions for all certificate holders except 
where otherwise specified; and