189
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 121.431
(i) Leadership and command, includ-
ing instruction on flightcrew member
duties under § 121.542; and
(ii) Mentoring, including techniques
for instilling and reinforcing the high-
est standards of technical performance,
airmanship, and professionalism in
newly hired pilots.
(2) The requirements of paragraph
(d)(1) do not apply until after a pilot
has completed ground training on lead-
ership and command and mentoring, as
required by §§ 121.419, 121.420 and 121.429,
as applicable.
(e) Recurrent flight training for
flightcrew members must include at
least the following:
(1) For pilots—
(i) Extended envelope training as re-
quired by § 121.423 of this part; and
(ii) Flight training in an approved
FFS in maneuvers and procedures set
forth in the certificate holder’s ap-
proved low-altitude windshear flight
training program and flight training in
maneuvers and procedures set forth in
Appendix F of this part, or in a flight
training program approved by the Ad-
ministrator, except as follows—
(A) The number of programmed
inflight hours is not specified; and
(B) Satisfactory completion of a pro-
ficiency check may be substituted for
recurrent flight training as permitted
in § 121.433(c) and (e) of this part.
(2) For flight engineers, flight train-
ing as provided by § 121.425(a) except as
follows—
(i) The specified number of inflight
hours is not required; and
(ii) The flight check, other than the
preflight inspection, may be conducted
in an FSTD. The preflight inspection
may be conducted in an airplane, or by
using an approved pictorial means that
realistically portrays the location and
detail of preflight inspection items and
provides for the portrayal of abnormal
conditions. Satisfactory completion of
an approved line-oriented flight train-
ing may be substituted for the flight
check.
(f) Compliance and pilot programmed
hours:
(1) Compliance with the requirements
identified in paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this
section is required no later than March
12, 2019.
(2) After March 12, 2019, recurrent
programmed hours applicable to pilots
as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this
section must include 30 additional min-
utes.
[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 30, 1970, as
amended by Amdt. 121–80, 36 FR 19362, Oct. 5,
1971; Amdt. 121–144, 43 FR 22647, May 25, 1978;
Amdt.121–199, 53 FR 37697, Sept. 27, 1988;
Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 20, 1995;
Amdt. 121–281, 66 FR 19043, Apr. 12, 2001;
Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67840, Nov. 12, 2013;
Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10924, Feb. 25, 2020]
§ 121.429 Pilots in command: Leader-
ship and command and mentoring
training.
(a) Beginning on April 27, 2023, no
certificate holder may use a pilot as
pilot in command in an operation
under this part unless the pilot has
completed the following ground train-
ing in accordance with the certificate
holder’s approved training program:
(1) Leadership and command training
in § 121.419(c)(1) and mentoring training
in § 121.419(c)(2); or
(2) Leadership and command training
in § 121.420(b)(1) and mentoring training
in § 121.420(b)(2).
(b) Credit for training provided by
the certificate holder:
(1) The Administrator may credit
leadership and command training and
mentoring training completed by the
pilot, with that certificate holder, after
April 27, 2017, and prior to April 27,
2020, toward all or part of the training
required by paragraph (a) of this sec-
tion.
(2) In granting credit for the training
required by paragraph (a) of this sec-
tion, the Administrator may consider
training aids, devices, methods, and
procedures used by the certificate hold-
er in voluntary leadership and com-
mand and mentoring instruction.
[Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10925, Feb. 25, 2020]
Subpart O—Crewmember
Qualifications
§ 121.431 Applicability.
(a) This subpart:
(1) Prescribes crewmember qualifica-
tions for all certificate holders except
where otherwise specified; and
190
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 121.432
(2) Permits training center personnel
authorized under part 142 of this chap-
ter who meet the requirements of
§§ 121.411 through 121.414 to provide
training, testing, and checking under
contract or other arrangement to those
persons subject to the requirements of
this subpart.
(b) For the purpose of this subpart,
the airplane groups and terms and defi-
nitions prescribed in § 121.400 and the
following definitions apply:
Consolidation
is the process by which
a person through practice and practical
experience increases proficiency in
newly acquired knowledge and skills.
Line operating flight time
is flight time
performed in operations under this
part.
Operating cycle
is a complete flight
segment consisting of a takeoff, climb,
enroute portion, descent, and a land-
ing.
[Doc. No. 10171, 36 FR 12284, June 30, 1971, as
amended by Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec.
20, 1995; Amdt. 121–248, 60 FR 20869, Apr. 27,
1995; Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 20, 1995;
Amdt. 121–259, 61 FR 34561, July 2, 1996;
Amdt. 121–263, 62 FR 13791, Mar. 21, 1997;
Docket FAA–2010–0100, Amdt. 121–365B, 81 FR
2, Jan. 4, 2016; Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10925,
Feb. 25, 2020]
§ 121.432 General.
(a) Except in the case of operating
experience under § 121.434 and ground
training for mentoring required by
§§ 121.419, 121.420, 121.427, and 121.429, as
applicable, a pilot who serves as second
in command of an operation that re-
quires three or more pilots must be
fully qualified to act as pilot in com-
mand of that operation.
(b) No certificate holder may conduct
a check or any training in operations
under this part, except for the fol-
lowing checks and training required by
this part or the certificate holder:
(1) Line checks for pilots.
(2) Flight engineer checks (except for
emergency procedures), if the person
being checked is qualified and current
in accordance with § 121.453(a).
(3) Flight attendant training and
competence checks.
(c) Except for pilot line checks and
flight engineer flight checks, the per-
son being trained or checked may not
be used as a required crewmember.
[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 95, Jan. 3, 1970, as
amended by Amdt. 121–130, 41 FR 47229, Oct.
28, 1976; Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67840, Nov. 12,
2013; Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10925, Feb. 25, 2020]
§ 121.433 Training required.
(a)
Initial training.
No certificate
holder may use any person nor may
any person serve as a required crew-
member on an airplane unless that per-
son has satisfactorily completed, in a
training program approved under sub-
part N of this part, initial ground and
flight training for that type airplane
and for the particular crewmember po-
sition, except as follows:
(1) Crewmembers who have qualified
and served as a crewmember on an-
other type airplane of the same group
may serve in the same crewmember ca-
pacity upon completion of transition
training as provided in § 121.415.
(2) Crewmembers who have qualified
and served as second in command or
flight engineer on a particular type air-
plane may serve as pilot in command
or second in command, respectively,
upon completion of upgrade or conver-
sion training, as applicable, for that
airplane as provided in § 121.415.
(b)
Differences training.
No certificate
holder may use any person nor may
any person serve as a required crew-
member on an airplane of a type for
which differences training is included
in the certificate holder’s approved
training program unless that person
has satisfactorily completed, with re-
spect to both the crewmember position
and the particular variation of the air-
plane in which the person serves, either
initial or transition ground and flight
training, or differences training, as
provided in § 121.415.
(c)
Recurrent training.
(1) No certifi-
cate holder may use any person nor
may any person serve as a required
crewmember on an airplane unless,
within the preceding 12 calendar
months—
(i) For flight crewmembers, the per-
son has satisfactorily completed recur-
rent ground and flight training for that
airplane and crewmember position and
a flight check as applicable;
(ii) For flight attendants and dis-
patchers, the person has satisfactorily