190
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 121.432
(2) Permits training center personnel
authorized under part 142 of this chap-
ter who meet the requirements of
§§ 121.411 through 121.414 to provide
training, testing, and checking under
contract or other arrangement to those
persons subject to the requirements of
this subpart.
(b) For the purpose of this subpart,
the airplane groups and terms and defi-
nitions prescribed in § 121.400 and the
following definitions apply:
Consolidation
is the process by which
a person through practice and practical
experience increases proficiency in
newly acquired knowledge and skills.
Line operating flight time
is flight time
performed in operations under this
part.
Operating cycle
is a complete flight
segment consisting of a takeoff, climb,
enroute portion, descent, and a land-
ing.
[Doc. No. 10171, 36 FR 12284, June 30, 1971, as
amended by Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec.
20, 1995; Amdt. 121–248, 60 FR 20869, Apr. 27,
1995; Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 20, 1995;
Amdt. 121–259, 61 FR 34561, July 2, 1996;
Amdt. 121–263, 62 FR 13791, Mar. 21, 1997;
Docket FAA–2010–0100, Amdt. 121–365B, 81 FR
2, Jan. 4, 2016; Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10925,
Feb. 25, 2020]
§ 121.432 General.
(a) Except in the case of operating
experience under § 121.434 and ground
training for mentoring required by
§§ 121.419, 121.420, 121.427, and 121.429, as
applicable, a pilot who serves as second
in command of an operation that re-
quires three or more pilots must be
fully qualified to act as pilot in com-
mand of that operation.
(b) No certificate holder may conduct
a check or any training in operations
under this part, except for the fol-
lowing checks and training required by
this part or the certificate holder:
(1) Line checks for pilots.
(2) Flight engineer checks (except for
emergency procedures), if the person
being checked is qualified and current
in accordance with § 121.453(a).
(3) Flight attendant training and
competence checks.
(c) Except for pilot line checks and
flight engineer flight checks, the per-
son being trained or checked may not
be used as a required crewmember.
[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 95, Jan. 3, 1970, as
amended by Amdt. 121–130, 41 FR 47229, Oct.
28, 1976; Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67840, Nov. 12,
2013; Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10925, Feb. 25, 2020]
§ 121.433 Training required.
(a)
Initial training.
No certificate
holder may use any person nor may
any person serve as a required crew-
member on an airplane unless that per-
son has satisfactorily completed, in a
training program approved under sub-
part N of this part, initial ground and
flight training for that type airplane
and for the particular crewmember po-
sition, except as follows:
(1) Crewmembers who have qualified
and served as a crewmember on an-
other type airplane of the same group
may serve in the same crewmember ca-
pacity upon completion of transition
training as provided in § 121.415.
(2) Crewmembers who have qualified
and served as second in command or
flight engineer on a particular type air-
plane may serve as pilot in command
or second in command, respectively,
upon completion of upgrade or conver-
sion training, as applicable, for that
airplane as provided in § 121.415.
(b)
Differences training.
No certificate
holder may use any person nor may
any person serve as a required crew-
member on an airplane of a type for
which differences training is included
in the certificate holder’s approved
training program unless that person
has satisfactorily completed, with re-
spect to both the crewmember position
and the particular variation of the air-
plane in which the person serves, either
initial or transition ground and flight
training, or differences training, as
provided in § 121.415.
(c)
Recurrent training.
(1) No certifi-
cate holder may use any person nor
may any person serve as a required
crewmember on an airplane unless,
within the preceding 12 calendar
months—
(i) For flight crewmembers, the per-
son has satisfactorily completed recur-
rent ground and flight training for that
airplane and crewmember position and
a flight check as applicable;
(ii) For flight attendants and dis-
patchers, the person has satisfactorily
191
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 121.434
completed recurrent ground training
and a competence check; and
(iii) In addition, for pilots in com-
mand the person has satisfactorily
completed, within the preceding 6 cal-
endar months, recurrent flight training
in addition to the recurrent flight
training required in paragraph (c)(1)(i)
of this section, in an airplane in which
the person serves as pilot in command
in operations under this part.
(2) For pilots, a proficiency check as
provided in § 121.441 of this part may be
substituted for the recurrent flight
training required by this paragraph
and the approved FFS course of train-
ing under § 121.409(b) of this part may
be substituted for alternate periods of
recurrent flight training required in
that airplane, except as provided in
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section.
(d) For each airplane in which a pilot
serves as pilot in command, the person
must satisfactorily complete either re-
current flight training or a proficiency
check within the preceding 12 calendar
months. The requirement in this para-
graph expires on March 12, 2019. After
that date, the requirement in
§ 121.441(a)(1)(ii) of this part applies.
(e) Notwithstanding paragraphs (c)(2)
and (d) of this section, a proficiency
check as provided in § 121.441 of this
part may not be substituted for the ex-
tended envelope training required by
§ 121.423 or training in those maneuvers
and procedures set forth in a certifi-
cate holder’s approved low-altitude
windshear flight training program
when that program is included in a re-
current flight training course as re-
quired by § 121.409(d) of this part.
[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 95, Jan. 3, 1970, as
amended by Amdt. 121–91, 37 FR 10729, May
27, 1972; Amdt. 121–199, 53 FR 37697, Sept. 27,
1988; Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67840, Nov. 12, 2013;
Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10925, Feb. 25, 2020]
§ 121.434 Operating experience, oper-
ating cycles, and consolidation of
knowledge and skills.
(a) No certificate holder may use a
person nor may any person serve as a
required crewmember of an airplane
unless the person has satisfactorily
completed, on that type airplane and in
that crewmember position, the oper-
ating experience, operating cycles, and
the line operating flight time for con-
solidation of knowledge and skills, re-
quired by this section, except as fol-
lows:
(1) Crewmembers other than pilots in
command may serve as provided herein
for the purpose of meeting the require-
ments of this section.
(2) Pilots who are meeting the pilot
in command requirements may serve as
second in command.
(3) Separate operating experience, op-
erating cycles, and line operating
flight time for consolidation of knowl-
edge and skills are not required for
variations within the same type air-
plane.
(4) Deviation based upon designation
of related aircraft in accordance with
§ 121.418(b).
(i) The Administrator may authorize
a deviation from the operating experi-
ence, operating cycles, and line oper-
ating flight time for consolidation of
knowledge and skills required by this
section based upon a designation of re-
lated aircraft in accordance with
§ 121.418(b) of this part and a determina-
tion that the certificate holder can
demonstrate an equivalent level of
safety.
(ii) A request for deviation from the
operating experience, operating cycles,
and line operating flight time for con-
solidation of knowledge and skills re-
quired by this section based upon a des-
ignation of related aircraft must be
submitted to the Administrator. The
request must include the following:
(A) Identification of aircraft operated
by the certificate holder designated as
related aircraft.
(B) Hours of operating experience and
number of operating cycles necessary
based on review of the related aircraft,
the operation, and the duty position.
(C) Consolidation hours necessary
based on review of the related aircraft,
the operation, and the duty position.
(iii) The administrator may, at any
time, terminate a grant of deviation
authority issued under this paragraph
(a)(4).
(b) In acquiring the operating experi-
ence, operating cycles, and line oper-
ating flight time for consolidation of
knowledge and skills, crewmembers
must comply with the following: