194 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 121.435 

(iii) A certificate holder establishes a 

new domicile to which it assigns pilots 
who will be required to become quali-
fied on the airplanes operated from 
that domicile. 

(i) Notwithstanding the reductions in 

programmed hours permitted under 
§§ 121.405 and 121.409 of subpart N of this 
part, the hours of operating experience 
for crewmembers are not subject to re-
duction other than as provided in ac-
cordance with a deviation authorized 
under paragraph (a) of this section or 
as provided in paragraphs (e) and (f) of 
this section. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 95, Jan. 3, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–74, 36 FR 12284, June 
30, 1971; Amdt. 121–91, 37 FR 10729, May 27, 
1972; Amdt. 121–140, 43 FR 9599, Mar. 9, 1978; 
Amdt. 121–144, 43 FR 22647, May 25, 1978; 
Amdt. 121–159, 45 FR 41593, June 19, 1980; 
Amdt. 121–248, 60 FR 20870, Apr. 27, 1995; 
Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67840, Nov. 12, 2013; 
Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10925, Feb. 25, 2020] 

§ 121.435 Pilots: Operations Famil-

iarization. 

(a) 

Applicability. 

The operations fa-

miliarization requirements in para-
graph (b) of this section apply to all 
persons newly hired by the certificate 
holder to serve as a pilot in part 121 op-
erations and who began the certificate 
holder’s basic indoctrination ground 
training on or after April 27, 2022. The 
requirements in paragraph (b) of this 
section also apply to all certificate 
holders required to comply with this 
subpart, except for those certificate 
holders operating under part 135 of this 
chapter that have been authorized to 
comply with this subpart instead of the 
requirements of part 135, subparts E, G, 
and H, pursuant to § 135.3(c), and those 
fractional ownership program man-
agers operating under part 91, subpart 
K, of this chapter that have been au-
thorized to comply with this subpart 
instead of §§ 91.1065 through 91.1107, pur-
suant to § 91.1063(b) of this chapter. 

(b) 

Operations familiarization require-

ments. 

(1) No certificate holder may 

use, and no person may serve as, a pilot 
in operations under this part unless 
that person has completed the oper-
ations familiarization required by this 
paragraph (b). Operations familiariza-
tion may be completed during or after 
basic indoctrination training, but must 

be completed before the pilot begins 
operating experience under § 121.434. 

(2) Operations familiarization must 

include at least two operating cycles 
conducted by the certificate holder in 
accordance with the operating rules of 
this part. 

(3) All pilots completing operations 

familiarization must occupy the ob-
server seat on the flight deck and have 
access to and use an operational head-
set. 

(c) 

Deviation. 

(1) A certificate holder 

who operates an aircraft that does not 
have an observer seat on the flight 
deck may submit a request to the Ad-
ministrator for approval of a deviation 
from the requirements of paragraphs 
(a) and (b) of this section. 

(2) A request for deviation from any 

of the requirements in paragraphs (a) 
and (b) of this section must include the 
following information: 

(i) The total number and types of air-

craft operated by the certificate holder 
in operations under this part that do 
not have an observer seat on the flight 
deck; 

(ii) The total number and types of 

aircraft operated by the certificate 
holder in operations under this part 
that do have an observer seat on the 
flight deck; and 

(iii) Alternative methods for achiev-

ing the objectives of this section. 

(3) A certificate holder may request 

an extension of a deviation issued 
under this section. 

(4) Deviations or extensions to devi-

ations will be issued for a period not to 
exceed 12 months. 

[Amdt. 121–382, 85 FR 10925, Feb. 25, 2020] 

§ 121.436 Pilot Qualification: Certifi-

cates and experience requirements. 

(a) No certificate holder may use nor 

may any pilot act as pilot in command 
of an aircraft (or as second in command 
of an aircraft in a flag or supplemental 
operation that requires three or more 
pilots) unless the pilot: 

(1) Holds an airline transport pilot 

certificate not subject to the limita-
tions in § 61.167 of this chapter; 

(2) Holds an appropriate aircraft type 

rating for the aircraft being flown; and 

(3) If serving as pilot in command in 

part 121 operations, has 1,000 hours as: