title-14-part-125-sec125-287

361

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 125.287

Subpart I—Flight Crewmember

Requirements

§ 125.281 Pilot-in-command qualifica-

tions.

No certificate holder may use any

person, nor may any person serve, as
pilot in command of an airplane unless
that person—

(a) Holds at least a commercial pilot

certificate, an appropriate category,
class, and type rating, and an instru-
ment rating; and

(b) Has had at least 1,200 hours of

flight time as a pilot, including 500
hours of cross-country flight time, 100
hours of night flight time, including at
least 10 night takeoffs and landings,
and 75 hours of actual or simulated in-
strument flight time, at least 50 hours
of which were actual flight.

§ 125.283 Second-in-command quali-

fications.

No certificate holder may use any

person, nor may any person serve, as
second in command of an airplane un-
less that person—

(a) Holds at least a commercial pilot

certificate with appropriate category
and class ratings, and an instrument
rating; and

(b) For flight under IFR, meets the

recent instrument experience require-
ments prescribed for a pilot in com-
mand in part 61 of this chapter.

§ 125.285 Pilot qualifications: Recent

experience.

(a) No certificate holder may use any

person, nor may any person serve, as a
required pilot flight crewmember un-
less within the preceding 90 calendar
days that person has made at least
three takeoffs and landings in the type
airplane in which that person is to
serve. The takeoffs and landings re-
quired by this paragraph may be per-
formed in a flight simulator if the
flight simulator is qualified and ap-
proved by the Administrator for such
purpose. However, any person who fails
to qualify for a 90-consecutive-day pe-
riod following the date of that person’s
last qualification under this paragraph
must reestablish recency of experience
as provided in paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion.

(b) A required pilot flight crew-

member who has not met the require-
ments of paragraph (a) of this section
may reestablish recency of experience
by making at least three takeoffs and
landings under the supervision of an
authorized check airman, in accord-
ance with the following:

(1) At least one takeoff must be made

with a simulated failure of the most
critical powerplant.

(2) At least one landing must be made

from an ILS approach to the lowest
ILS minimums authorized for the cer-
tificate holder.

(3) At least one landing must be made

to a complete stop.

member who performs the maneuvers
required by paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion in a qualified and approved flight
simulator, as prescribed in paragraph
(a) of this section, must—

(1) Have previously logged 100 hours

of flight time in the same type airplane
in which the pilot is to serve; and

(2) Be observed on the first two land-

ings made in operations under this part
by an authorized check airman who
acts as pilot in command and occupies
a pilot seat. The landings must be
made in weather minimums that are
not less than those contained in the
certificate holder’s operations speci-
fications for Category I operations and
must be made within 45 days following
completion of simulator testing.

(d) An authorized check airman who

observes the takeoffs and landings pre-
scribed in paragraphs (b) and (c)(2) of
this section shall certify that the per-
son being observed is proficient and
qualified to perform flight duty in op-
erations under this part, and may re-
quire any additional maneuvers that
are determined necessary to make this
certifying statement.

[Doc. No. 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as
amended by Amdt. 125–27, 61 FR 34561, July 2,
1996; Doc. No. FAA–2022–1355; Amdt. 125–72; 87
FR 75847, Dec. 9, 2022]

§ 125.287 Initial and recurrent pilot

testing requirements.

(a) No certificate holder may use any

person, nor may any person serve as a
pilot, unless, since the beginning of the
12th calendar month before that serv-
ice, that person has passed a written or

362

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 125.287

oral test, given by the Administrator
or an authorized check airman on that
person’s knowledge in the following
areas—

(1) The appropriate provisions of

parts 61, 91, and 125 of this chapter and
the operations specifications and the
manual of the certificate holder;

(2) For each type of airplane to be

flown by the pilot, the airplane power-
plant, major components and systems,
major appliances, performance and op-
erating limitations, standard and
emergency operating procedures, and
the contents of the approved Airplane
Flight Manual or approved equivalent,
as applicable;

(3) For each type of airplane to be

flown by the pilot, the method of deter-
mining compliance with weight and
balance limitations for takeoff, land-
ing, and en route operations;

(4) Navigation and use of air naviga-

tion aids appropriate to the operation
of pilot authorization, including, when
applicable, instrument approach facili-
ties and procedures;

(5) Air traffic control procedures, in-

cluding IFR procedures when applica-
ble;

(6) Meteorology in general, including

the principles of frontal systems, icing,
fog, thunderstorms, and windshear,
and, if appropriate for the operation of
the certificate holder, high altitude
weather;

(7) Procedures for avoiding oper-

ations in thunderstorms and hail, and
for operating in turbulent air or in
icing conditions;

(8) New equipment, procedures, or

techniques, as appropriate;

(9) Knowledge and procedures for op-

erating during ground icing conditions,
(

i.e.

, any time conditions are such that

frost, ice, or snow may reasonably be
expected to adhere to the airplane), if
the certificate holder expects to au-
thorize takeoffs in ground icing condi-
tions, including:

(i) The use of holdover times when

using deicing/anti-icing fluids.

(ii) Airplane deicing/anti-icing proce-

dures, including inspection and check
procedures and responsibilities.

(iii) Communications.
(iv) Airplane surface contamination

(

i.e.

, adherence of frost, ice, or snow)

and critical area identification, and

knowledge of how contamination ad-
versely affects airplane performance
and flight characteristics.

(v) Types and characteristics of deic-

ing/anti-icing fluids, if used by the cer-
tificate holder.

(vi) Cold weather preflight inspection

procedures.

(vii) Techniques for recognizing con-

tamination on the airplane.

(b) No certificate holder may use any

person, nor may any person serve, as a
pilot in any airplane unless, since the
beginning of the 12th calendar month
before that service, that person has
passed a competency check given by
the Administrator or an authorized
check airman in that type of airplane
to determine that person’s competence
in practical skills and techniques in
that airplane or type of airplane. The
extent of the competency check shall
be determined by the Administrator or
authorized check airman conducting
the competency check. The com-
petency check may include any of the
maneuvers and procedures currently
required for the original issuance of
the particular pilot certificate required
for the operations authorized and ap-
propriate to the category, class, and
type of airplane involved. For the pur-
poses of this paragraph, type, as to an
airplane, means any one of a group of
airplanes determined by the Adminis-
trator to have a similar means of pro-
pulsion, the same manufacturer, and
no significantly different handling or
flight characteristics.

required by § 125.291 may be substituted
for the competency check required by
this section for the type of airplane
used in the check.

(d) For the purposes of this part,

competent performance of a procedure
or maneuver by a person to be used as
a pilot requires that the pilot be the
obvious master of the airplane with the
successful outcome of the maneuver
never in doubt.

(e) The Administrator or authorized

check airman certifies the competency
of each pilot who passes the knowledge
or flight check in the certificate hold-
er’s pilot records.

363

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 125.291

(f) Portions of a required competency

check may be given in an airplane sim-
ulator or other appropriate training de-
vice, if approved by the Administrator.

(g) If the certificate holder is author-

ized to conduct EFVS operations, the
competency check in paragraph (b) of
this section must include tasks appro-
priate to the EFVS operations the cer-
tificate holder is authorized to con-
duct.

[45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by
Amdt. 125–18, 58 FR 69629, Dec. 30, 1993; Dock-
et FAA–2013–0485, Amdt. 125–66, 81 FR 90176,
Dec. 13, 2016]

§ 125.289 Initial and recurrent flight

attendant crewmember testing re-

quirements.

No certificate holder may use any

person, nor may any person serve, as a
flight attendant crewmember, unless,
since the beginning of the 12th cal-
endar month before that service, the
certificate holder has determined by
appropriate initial and recurrent test-
ing that the person is knowledgeable
and competent in the following areas
as appropriate to assigned duties and
responsibilities:

(a) Authority of the pilot in com-

mand;

(b) Passenger handling, including

procedures to be followed in handling
deranged persons or other persons
whose conduct might jeopardize safety;

tions, and responsibilities during ditch-
ing and evacuation of persons who may
need the assistance of another person
to move expeditiously to an exit in an
emergency;

(d) Briefing of passengers;
(e) Location and operation of port-

able fire extinguishers and other items
of emergency equipment;

(f) Proper use of cabin equipment and

controls;

(g) Location and operation of pas-

senger oxygen equipment;

(h) Location and operation of all nor-

mal and emergency exits, including
evacuation chutes and escape ropes;
and

(i) Seating of persons who may need

assistance of another person to move
rapidly to an exit in an emergency as
prescribed by the certificate holder’s
operations manual.

§ 125.291 Pilot in command: Instru-

ment proficiency check require-

ments.

(a) No certificate holder may use any

person, nor may any person serve, as a
pilot in command of an airplane under
IFR unless, since the beginning of the
sixth calendar month before that serv-
ice, that person has passed an instru-
ment proficiency check and the Admin-
istrator or an authorized check airman
has so certified in a letter of com-
petency.

(b) No pilot may use any type of pre-

cision instrument approach procedure
under IFR unless, since the beginning
of the sixth calendar month before that
use, the pilot has satisfactorily dem-
onstrated that type of approach proce-
dure and has been issued a letter of
competency under paragraph (g) of this
section. No pilot may use any type of
nonprecision approach procedure under
IFR unless, since the beginning of the
sixth calendar month before that use,
the pilot has satisfactorily dem-
onstrated either that type of approach
procedure or any other two different
types of nonprecision approach proce-
dures and has been issued a letter of
competency under paragraph (g) of this
section. The instrument approach pro-
cedure or procedures must include at
least one straight-in approach, one cir-
cling approach, and one missed ap-
proach. Each type of approach proce-
dure demonstrated must be conducted
to published minimums for that proce-
dure.

required by paragraph (a) of this sec-
tion consists of an oral or written
equipment test and a flight check
under simulated or actual IFR condi-
tions. The equipment test includes
questions on emergency procedures, en-
gine operation, fuel and lubrication
systems, power settings, stall speeds,
best engine-out speed, propeller and su-
percharge operations, and hydraulic,
mechanical, and electrical systems, as
appropriate. The flight check includes
navigation by instruments, recovery
from simulated emergencies, and
standard instrument approaches in-
volving navigational facilities which
that pilot is to be authorized to use.

(1) For a pilot in command of an air-

plane, the instrument proficiency