457
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 135.165
indicator has a source of energy sepa-
rate from the bank and pitch and direc-
tion indicators. For the purpose of this
paragraph, for multi-engine aircraft,
each engine-driven source of energy
must be on a different engine.
(i) For the purpose of paragraph (f) of
this section, a continuous inflight elec-
trical load includes one that draws cur-
rent continuously during flight, such
as radio equipment, electrically driven
instruments, and lights, but does not
include occasional intermittent loads.
[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as
amended by Amdt. 135–70, 62 FR 42374, Aug. 6,
1997; Amdt. 135–72, 63 FR 25573, May 8, 1998]
§ 135.165 Communication and naviga-
tion equipment: Extended over-
water or IFR operations.
(a)
Aircraft navigation equipment re-
quirements
—
General.
Except as provided
in paragraph (g) of this section, no per-
son may conduct operations under IFR
or extended over-water unless—
(1) The en route navigation aids nec-
essary for navigating the aircraft along
the route (e.g., ATS routes, arrival and
departure routes, and instrument ap-
proach procedures, including missed
approach procedures if a missed ap-
proach routing is specified in the pro-
cedure) are available and suitable for
use by the navigation systems required
by this section:
(2) The aircraft used in extended
over-water operations is equipped with
at least two-approved independent
navigation systems suitable for navi-
gating the aircraft along the route to
be flown within the degree of accuracy
required for ATC.
(3) The aircraft used for IFR oper-
ations is equipped with at least—
(i) One marker beacon receiver pro-
viding visual and aural signals; and
(ii) One ILS receiver.
(4) Any RNAV system used to meet
the navigation equipment require-
ments of this section is authorized in
the certificate holder’s operations
specifications.
(b)
Use of a single independent naviga-
tion system for IFR operations.
The air-
craft may be equipped with a single
independent navigation system suit-
able for navigating the aircraft along
the route to be flown within the degree
of accuracy required for ATC if:
(1) It can be shown that the aircraft
is equipped with at least one other
independent navigation system suit-
able, in the event of loss of the naviga-
tion capability of the single inde-
pendent navigation system permitted
by this paragraph at any point along
the route, for proceeding safely to a
suitable airport and completing an in-
strument approach; and
(2) The aircraft has sufficient fuel so
that the flight may proceed safely to a
suitable airport by use of the remain-
ing navigation system, and complete
an instrument approach and land.
(c)
VOR navigation equipment.
When-
ever VOR navigation equipment is re-
quired by paragraph (a) or (b) of this
section, no person may operate an air-
craft unless it is equipped with at least
one approved DME or suitable RNAV
system.
(d)
Airplane communication equipment
requirements.
Except as permitted in
paragraph (e) of this section, no person
may operate a turbojet airplane having
a passenger seat configuration, exclud-
ing any pilot seat, of 10 seats or more,
or a multiengine airplane in a com-
muter operation, as defined in part 119
of this chapter, under IFR or in ex-
tended over-water operations unless
the airplane is equipped with—
(1) At least two independent commu-
nication systems necessary under nor-
mal operating conditions to fulfill the
functions specified in § 121.347(a) of this
chapter; and
(2) At least one of the communica-
tion systems required by paragraph
(d)(1) of this section must have two-
way voice communication capability.
(e)
IFR or extended over-water commu-
nications equipment requirements.
A per-
son may operate an aircraft other than
that specified in paragraph (d) of this
section under IFR or in extended over-
water operations if it meets all of the
requirements of this section, with the
exception that only one communica-
tion system transmitter is required for
operations other than extended over-
water operations.
(f)
Additional aircraft communication
equipment requirements.
In addition to
the requirements in paragraphs (d) and
458
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 135.167
(e) of this section, no person may oper-
ate an aircraft under IFR or in ex-
tended over-water operations unless it
is equipped with at least:
(1) Two microphones; and
(2) Two headsets or one headset and
one speaker.
(g)
Extended over-water exceptions.
Notwithstanding the requirements of
paragraphs (a), (d), and (e) of this sec-
tion, installation and use of a single
long-range navigation system and a
single long-range communication sys-
tem for extended over-water operations
in certain geographic areas may be au-
thorized by the Administrator and ap-
proved in the certificate holder’s oper-
ations specifications. The following are
among the operational factors the Ad-
ministrator may consider in granting
an authorization:
(1) The ability of the flight crew to
navigate the airplane along the route
within the degree of accuracy required
for ATC;
(2) The length of the route being
flown; and
(3) The duration of the very high fre-
quency communications gap.
[Doc. No. FAA–2002–14002, 72 FR 31684, June 7,
2007]
§ 135.167 Emergency equipment: Ex-
tended overwater operations.
(a) Except where the Administrator,
by amending the operations specifica-
tions of the certificate holder, requires
the carriage of all or any specific items
of the equipment listed below for any
overwater operation, or, upon applica-
tion of the certificate holder, the Ad-
ministrator allows deviation for a par-
ticular extended overwater operation,
no person may operate an aircraft in
extended overwater operations unless
it carries, installed in conspicuously
marked locations easily accessible to
the occupants if a ditching occurs, the
following equipment:
(1) An approved life preserver
equipped with an approved survivor lo-
cator light for each occupant of the
aircraft. The life preserver must be eas-
ily accessible to each seated occupant.
(2) Enough approved liferafts of a
rated capacity and buoyancy to accom-
modate the occupants of the aircraft.
(b) Each liferaft required by para-
graph (a) of this section must be
equipped with or contain at least the
following:
(1) One approved survivor locator
light.
(2) One approved pyrotechnic sig-
naling device.
(3) Either—
(i) One survival kit, appropriately
equipped for the route to be flown; or
(ii) One canopy (for sail, sunshade, or
rain catcher);
(iii) One radar reflector;
(iv) One liferaft repair kit;
(v) One bailing bucket;
(vi) One signaling mirror;
(vii) One police whistle;
(viii) One raft knife;
(ix) One CO
2
bottle for emergency in-
flation;
(x) One inflation pump;
(xi) Two oars;
(xii) One 75-foot retaining line;
(xiii) One magnetic compass;
(xiv) One dye marker;
(xv) One flashlight having at least
two size ‘‘D’’ cells or equivalent;
(xvi) A 2-day supply of emergency
food rations supplying at least 1,000
calories per day for each person;
(xvii) For each two persons the raft is
rated to carry, two pints of water or
one sea water desalting kit;
(xviii) One fishing kit; and
(xix) One book on survival appro-
priate for the area in which the air-
craft is operated.
(c) No person may operate an air-
plane in extended overwater operations
unless there is attached to one of the
life rafts required by paragraph (a) of
this section, an approved survival type
emergency locator transmitter. Bat-
teries used in this transmitter must be
replaced (or recharged, if the batteries
are rechargeable) when the transmitter
has been in use for more than 1 cumu-
lative hour, or, when 50 percent of their
useful life (or for rechargeable bat-
teries, 50 percent of their useful life of
charge) has expired, as established by
the transmitter manufacturer under its
approval. The new expiration date for
replacing (or recharging) the battery
must be legibly marked on the outside
of the transmitter. The battery useful
life (or useful life of charge) require-
ments of this paragraph do not apply
to batteries (such as water-activated