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457 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 135.165 

indicator has a source of energy sepa-
rate from the bank and pitch and direc-
tion indicators. For the purpose of this 
paragraph, for multi-engine aircraft, 
each engine-driven source of energy 
must be on a different engine. 

(i) For the purpose of paragraph (f) of 

this section, a continuous inflight elec-
trical load includes one that draws cur-
rent continuously during flight, such 
as radio equipment, electrically driven 
instruments, and lights, but does not 
include occasional intermittent loads. 

[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as 
amended by Amdt. 135–70, 62 FR 42374, Aug. 6, 
1997; Amdt. 135–72, 63 FR 25573, May 8, 1998] 

§ 135.165 Communication and naviga-

tion equipment: Extended over- 

water or IFR operations. 

(a) 

Aircraft navigation equipment re-

quirements

General. 

Except as provided 

in paragraph (g) of this section, no per-
son may conduct operations under IFR 
or extended over-water unless— 

(1) The en route navigation aids nec-

essary for navigating the aircraft along 
the route (e.g., ATS routes, arrival and 
departure routes, and instrument ap-
proach procedures, including missed 
approach procedures if a missed ap-
proach routing is specified in the pro-
cedure) are available and suitable for 
use by the navigation systems required 
by this section: 

(2) The aircraft used in extended 

over-water operations is equipped with 
at least two-approved independent 
navigation systems suitable for navi-
gating the aircraft along the route to 
be flown within the degree of accuracy 
required for ATC. 

(3) The aircraft used for IFR oper-

ations is equipped with at least— 

(i) One marker beacon receiver pro-

viding visual and aural signals; and 

(ii) One ILS receiver. 
(4) Any RNAV system used to meet 

the navigation equipment require-
ments of this section is authorized in 
the certificate holder’s operations 
specifications. 

(b) 

Use of a single independent naviga-

tion system for IFR operations. 

The air-

craft may be equipped with a single 
independent navigation system suit-
able for navigating the aircraft along 
the route to be flown within the degree 
of accuracy required for ATC if: 

(1) It can be shown that the aircraft 

is equipped with at least one other 
independent navigation system suit-
able, in the event of loss of the naviga-
tion capability of the single inde-
pendent navigation system permitted 
by this paragraph at any point along 
the route, for proceeding safely to a 
suitable airport and completing an in-
strument approach; and 

(2) The aircraft has sufficient fuel so 

that the flight may proceed safely to a 
suitable airport by use of the remain-
ing navigation system, and complete 
an instrument approach and land. 

(c) 

VOR navigation equipment. 

When-

ever VOR navigation equipment is re-
quired by paragraph (a) or (b) of this 
section, no person may operate an air-
craft unless it is equipped with at least 
one approved DME or suitable RNAV 
system. 

(d) 

Airplane communication equipment 

requirements. 

Except as permitted in 

paragraph (e) of this section, no person 
may operate a turbojet airplane having 
a passenger seat configuration, exclud-
ing any pilot seat, of 10 seats or more, 
or a multiengine airplane in a com-
muter operation, as defined in part 119 
of this chapter, under IFR or in ex-
tended over-water operations unless 
the airplane is equipped with— 

(1) At least two independent commu-

nication systems necessary under nor-
mal operating conditions to fulfill the 
functions specified in § 121.347(a) of this 
chapter; and 

(2) At least one of the communica-

tion systems required by paragraph 
(d)(1) of this section must have two- 
way voice communication capability. 

(e) 

IFR or extended over-water commu-

nications equipment requirements. 

A per-

son may operate an aircraft other than 
that specified in paragraph (d) of this 
section under IFR or in extended over- 
water operations if it meets all of the 
requirements of this section, with the 
exception that only one communica-
tion system transmitter is required for 
operations other than extended over- 
water operations. 

(f) 

Additional aircraft communication 

equipment requirements. 

In addition to 

the requirements in paragraphs (d) and 

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458 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 135.167 

(e) of this section, no person may oper-
ate an aircraft under IFR or in ex-
tended over-water operations unless it 
is equipped with at least: 

(1) Two microphones; and 
(2) Two headsets or one headset and 

one speaker. 

(g) 

Extended over-water exceptions. 

Notwithstanding the requirements of 
paragraphs (a), (d), and (e) of this sec-
tion, installation and use of a single 
long-range navigation system and a 
single long-range communication sys-
tem for extended over-water operations 
in certain geographic areas may be au-
thorized by the Administrator and ap-
proved in the certificate holder’s oper-
ations specifications. The following are 
among the operational factors the Ad-
ministrator may consider in granting 
an authorization: 

(1) The ability of the flight crew to 

navigate the airplane along the route 
within the degree of accuracy required 
for ATC; 

(2) The length of the route being 

flown; and 

(3) The duration of the very high fre-

quency communications gap. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2002–14002, 72 FR 31684, June 7, 
2007] 

§ 135.167 Emergency equipment: Ex-

tended overwater operations. 

(a) Except where the Administrator, 

by amending the operations specifica-
tions of the certificate holder, requires 
the carriage of all or any specific items 
of the equipment listed below for any 
overwater operation, or, upon applica-
tion of the certificate holder, the Ad-
ministrator allows deviation for a par-
ticular extended overwater operation, 
no person may operate an aircraft in 
extended overwater operations unless 
it carries, installed in conspicuously 
marked locations easily accessible to 
the occupants if a ditching occurs, the 
following equipment: 

(1) An approved life preserver 

equipped with an approved survivor lo-
cator light for each occupant of the 
aircraft. The life preserver must be eas-
ily accessible to each seated occupant. 

(2) Enough approved liferafts of a 

rated capacity and buoyancy to accom-
modate the occupants of the aircraft. 

(b) Each liferaft required by para-

graph (a) of this section must be 

equipped with or contain at least the 
following: 

(1) One approved survivor locator 

light. 

(2) One approved pyrotechnic sig-

naling device. 

(3) Either— 
(i) One survival kit, appropriately 

equipped for the route to be flown; or 

(ii) One canopy (for sail, sunshade, or 

rain catcher); 

(iii) One radar reflector; 
(iv) One liferaft repair kit; 
(v) One bailing bucket; 
(vi) One signaling mirror; 
(vii) One police whistle; 
(viii) One raft knife; 
(ix) One CO

2

bottle for emergency in-

flation; 

(x) One inflation pump; 
(xi) Two oars; 
(xii) One 75-foot retaining line; 
(xiii) One magnetic compass; 
(xiv) One dye marker; 
(xv) One flashlight having at least 

two size ‘‘D’’ cells or equivalent; 

(xvi) A 2-day supply of emergency 

food rations supplying at least 1,000 
calories per day for each person; 

(xvii) For each two persons the raft is 

rated to carry, two pints of water or 
one sea water desalting kit; 

(xviii) One fishing kit; and 
(xix) One book on survival appro-

priate for the area in which the air-
craft is operated. 

(c) No person may operate an air-

plane in extended overwater operations 
unless there is attached to one of the 
life rafts required by paragraph (a) of 
this section, an approved survival type 
emergency locator transmitter. Bat-
teries used in this transmitter must be 
replaced (or recharged, if the batteries 
are rechargeable) when the transmitter 
has been in use for more than 1 cumu-
lative hour, or, when 50 percent of their 
useful life (or for rechargeable bat-
teries, 50 percent of their useful life of 
charge) has expired, as established by 
the transmitter manufacturer under its 
approval. The new expiration date for 
replacing (or recharging) the battery 
must be legibly marked on the outside 
of the transmitter. The battery useful 
life (or useful life of charge) require-
ments of this paragraph do not apply 
to batteries (such as water-activated