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424 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 135.23 

ground, and maintenance personnel in 
conducting its operations. However, 
the Administrator may authorize a de-
viation from this paragraph if the Ad-
ministrator finds that, because of the 
limited size of the operation, all or 
part of the manual is not necessary for 
guidance of flight, ground, or mainte-
nance personnel. 

(b) Each certificate holder shall 

maintain at least one copy of the man-
ual at its principal base of operations. 

(c) The manual must not be contrary 

to any applicable Federal regulations, 
foreign regulation applicable to the 
certificate holder’s operations in for-
eign countries, or the certificate hold-
er’s operating certificate or operations 
specifications. 

(d) A copy of the manual, or appro-

priate portions of the manual (and 
changes and additions) shall be made 
available to maintenance and ground 
operations personnel by the certificate 
holder and furnished to— 

(1) Its flight crewmembers; and 
(2) Representatives of the Adminis-

trator assigned to the certificate hold-
er. 

(e) Each employee of the certificate 

holder to whom a manual or appro-
priate portions of it are furnished 
under paragraph (d)(1) of this section 
shall keep it up to date with the 
changes and additions furnished to 
them. 

(f) The certificate holder must ensure 

the appropriate parts of the manual are 
accessible to flight, ground, and main-
tenance personnel at all times when 
such personnel are performing their as-
signed duties. 

(g) The information and instructions 

contained in the manual must be dis-
played clearly and be retrievable in the 
English language. 

[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as 
amended by Amdt. 135–18, 47 FR 33396, Aug. 2, 
1982; Amdt. 135–58, 60 FR 65939, Dec. 20, 1995; 
Amdt. 135–66, 62 FR 13257, Mar. 19, 1997; 
Amdt. 135–91, 68 FR 54585, Sept. 17, 2003; 
Docket No. FAA–2022–0912; Amdt. No. 135–144, 
88 FR 34443, May 30, 2023] 

§ 135.23 Manual contents. 

Each manual accessed in paper for-

mat must display the date of last revi-
sion on each page. Each manual 
accessed in electronic format must dis-

play the date of last revision in a man-
ner in which a person can immediately 
ascertain it. The manual must include: 

(a) The name of each management 

person required under § 119.69(a) of this 
chapter who is authorized to act for 
the certificate holder, the person’s as-
signed area of responsibility, the per-
son’s duties, responsibilities, and au-
thority, and the name and title of each 
person authorized to exercise oper-
ational control under § 135.77; 

(b) Procedures for ensuring compli-

ance with aircraft weight and balance 
limitations and, for multiengine air-
craft, for determining compliance with 
§ 135.185; 

(c) Copies of the certificate holder’s 

operations specifications or appro-
priate extracted information, including 
area of operations authorized, category 
and class of aircraft authorized, crew 
complements, and types of operations 
authorized; 

(d) Procedures for complying with ac-

cident notification requirements; 

(e) Procedures for ensuring that the 

pilot in command knows that required 
airworthiness inspections have been 
made and that the aircraft has been ap-
proved for return to service in compli-
ance with applicable maintenance re-
quirements; 

(f) Procedures for reporting and re-

cording mechanical irregularities that 
come to the attention of the pilot in 
command before, during, and after 
completion of a flight; 

(g) Procedures to be followed by the 

pilot in command for determining that 
mechanical irregularities or defects re-
ported for previous flights have been 
corrected or that correction has been 
deferred; 

(h) Procedures to be followed by the 

pilot in command to obtain mainte-
nance, preventive maintenance, and 
servicing of the aircraft at a place 
where previous arrangements have not 
been made by the operator, when the 
pilot is authorized to so act for the op-
erator; 

(i) Procedures under § 135.179 for the 

release for, or continuation of, flight if 
any item of equipment required for the 
particular type of operation becomes 
inoperative or unserviceable en route; 

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425 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 135.23 

(j) Procedures for refueling aircraft, 

eliminating fuel contamination, pro-
tecting from fire (including electro-
static protection), and supervising and 
protecting passengers during refueling; 

(k) Procedures to be followed by the 

pilot in command in the briefing under 
§ 135.117; 

(l) Flight locating procedures, when 

applicable; 

(m) Procedures for ensuring compli-

ance with emergency procedures, in-
cluding a list of the functions assigned 
each category of required crew-
members in connection with an emer-
gency and emergency evacuation du-
ties under § 135.123; 

(n) En route qualification procedures 

for pilots, when applicable; 

(o) The approved aircraft inspection 

program, when applicable; 

(p)(1) Procedures and information, as 

described in paragraph (p)(2) of this 
section, to assist each crewmember and 
person performing or directly super-
vising the following job functions in-
volving items for transport on an air-
craft: 

(i) Acceptance; 
(ii) Rejection; 
(iii) Handling; 
(iv) Storage incidental to transport; 
(v) Packaging of company material; 

or 

(vi) Loading. 
(2) Ensure that the procedures and 

information described in this para-
graph are sufficient to assist a person 
in identifying packages that are 
marked or labeled as containing haz-
ardous materials or that show signs of 
containing undeclared hazardous mate-
rials. The procedures and information 
must include: 

(i) Procedures for rejecting packages 

that do not conform to the Hazardous 
Materials Regulations in 49 CFR parts 
171 through 180 or that appear to con-
tain undeclared hazardous materials; 

(ii) Procedures for complying with 

the hazardous materials incident re-
porting requirements of 49 CFR 171.15 
and 171.16 and discrepancy reporting re-
quirements of 49 CFR 175.31. 

(iii) The certificate holder’s hazmat 

policies and whether the certificate 
holder is authorized to carry, or is pro-
hibited from carrying, hazardous mate-
rials; and 

(iv) If the certificate holder’s oper-

ations specifications permit the trans-
port of hazardous materials, procedures 
and information to ensure the fol-
lowing: 

(A) That packages containing haz-

ardous materials are properly offered 
and accepted in compliance with 49 
CFR parts 171 through 180; 

(B) That packages containing haz-

ardous materials are properly handled, 
stored, packaged, loaded and carried on 
board an aircraft in compliance with 49 
CFR parts 171 through 180; 

(C) That the requirements for Notice 

to the Pilot in Command (49 CFR 
175.33) are complied with; and 

(D) That aircraft replacement parts, 

consumable materials or other items 
regulated by 49 CFR parts 171 through 
180 are properly handled, packaged, and 
transported. 

(q) Procedures for the evacuation of 

persons who may need the assistance of 
another person to move expeditiously 
to an exit if an emergency occurs; and 

(r) If required by § 135.385, an ap-

proved Destination Airport Analysis 
establishing runway safety margins at 
destination airports, taking into ac-
count the following factors as sup-
ported by published aircraft perform-
ance data supplied by the aircraft man-
ufacturer for the appropriate runway 
conditions— 

(1) Pilot qualifications and experi-

ence; 

(2) Aircraft performance data to in-

clude normal, abnormal and emergency 
procedures as supplied by the aircraft 
manufacturer; 

(3) Airport facilities and topography; 
(4) Runway conditions (including 

contamination); 

(5) Airport or area weather reporting; 
(6) Appropriate additional runway 

safety margins, if required; 

(7) Airplane inoperative equipment; 
(8) Environmental conditions; and 
(9) Other criteria affecting aircraft 

performance. 

(s) Other procedures and policy in-

structions regarding the certificate 

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426 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 135.25 

holder’s operations issued by the cer-
tificate holder. 

[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as 
amended by Amdt. 135–20, 51 FR 40709, Nov. 7, 
1986; Amdt. 135–58, 60 FR 65939, Dec. 20, 1995; 
Amdt. 135–91, 68 FR 54586, Sept. 17, 2003; 
Amdt. 135–101, 70 FR 58829, Oct. 7, 2005; Dock-
et No. FAA–2022–0912; Amdt. No. 135–144, 88 
FR 34443, May 30, 2023] 

§ 135.25 Aircraft requirements. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph 

(d) of this section, no certificate holder 
may operate an aircraft under this part 
unless that aircraft— 

(1) Is registered as a civil aircraft of 

the United States and carries an appro-
priate and current airworthiness cer-
tificate issued under this chapter; and 

(2) Is in an airworthy condition and 

meets the applicable airworthiness re-
quirements of this chapter, including 
those relating to identification and 
equipment. 

(b) Each certificate holder must have 

the exclusive use of at least one air-
craft that meets the requirements for 
at least one kind of operation author-
ized in the certificate holder’s oper-
ations specifications. In addition, for 
each kind of operation for which the 
certificate holder does not have the ex-
clusive use of an aircraft, the certifi-
cate holder must have available for use 
under a written agreement (including 
arrangements for performing required 
maintenance) at least one aircraft that 
meets the requirements for that kind 
of operation. However, this paragraph 
does not prohibit the operator from 
using or authorizing the use of the air-
craft for other than operations under 
this part and does not require the cer-
tificate holder to have exclusive use of 
all aircraft that the certificate holder 
uses. 

(c) For the purposes of paragraph (b) 

of this section, a person has exclusive 
use of an aircraft if that person has the 
sole possession, control, and use of it 
for flight, as owner, or has a written 
agreement (including arrangements for 
performing required maintenance), in 
effect when the aircraft is operated, 
giving the person that possession, con-
trol, and use for at least 6 consecutive 
months. 

(d) A certificate holder may operate 

in common carriage, and for the car-

riage of mail, a civil aircraft which is 
leased or chartered to it without crew 
and is registered in a country which is 
a party to the Convention on Inter-
national Civil Aviation if— 

(1) The aircraft carries an appro-

priate airworthiness certificate issued 
by the country of registration and 
meets the registration and identifica-
tion requirements of that country; 

(2) The aircraft is of a type design 

which is approved under a U.S. type 
certificate and complies with all of the 
requirements of this chapter (14 CFR 
chapter I) that would be applicable to 
that aircraft were it registered in the 
United States, including the require-
ments which must be met for issuance 
of a U.S. standard airworthiness cer-
tificate (including type design con-
formity, condition for safe operation, 
and the noise, fuel venting, and engine 
emission requirements of this chapter), 
except that a U.S. registration certifi-
cate and a U.S. standard airworthiness 
certificate will not be issued for the 
aircraft; 

(3) The aircraft is operated by U.S.- 

certificated airmen employed by the 
certificate holder; and 

(4) The certificate holder files a copy 

of the aircraft lease or charter agree-
ment with the FAA Aircraft Registry, 
Department of Transportation, 6400 
South MacArthur Boulevard, Okla-
homa City, OK (Mailing address: P.O. 
Box 25504, Oklahoma City, OK 73125). 

[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as 
amended by Amdt. 135–8, 45 FR 68649, Oct. 16, 
1980; Amdt. 135–66, 62 FR 13257, Mar. 19, 1997] 

§ 135.41 Carriage of narcotic drugs, 

marihuana, and depressant or stim-

ulant drugs or substances. 

If the holder of a certificate oper-

ating under this part allows any air-
craft owned or leased by that holder to 
be engaged in any operation that the 
certificate holder knows to be in viola-
tion of § 91.19(a) of this chapter, that 
operation is a basis for suspending or 
revoking the certificate. 

[Doc. No. 28154, 60 FR 65939, Dec. 20, 1995] 

§ 135.43 Crewmember certificates: 

International operations. 

(a) This section describes the certifi-

cates that were issued to United States