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421 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 135.3 

(A) Section 121.305(j), Third attitude 

indicator. 

(B) Section 121.311(f), Safety belts 

and shoulder harnesses. 

(ii) Manufactured on or after Decem-

ber 20, 1997: Section 121.317(a), Fasten 
seat belt light. 

(iii) Manufactured on or after Decem-

ber 20, 1999: Section 121.293, Takeoff 
warning system. 

(iv) Manufactured on or after March 

12, 1999: Section 121.310(b)(1), Interior 
emergency exit locating sign. 

(2) For transport category turbo-

propeller powered airplanes that have a 
passenger seat configuration of 20–30 
seats manufactured on or after March 
20, 1997: Section 121.305(j), Third atti-
tude indicator. 

(f) 

New type certification requirements. 

No person may operate an airplane for 
which the application for a type cer-
tificate was filed after March 29, 1995, 
in 14 CFR part 121 operations unless 
that airplane is type certificated under 
part 25 of this chapter. 

(g) 

Transition plan. 

Before March 19, 

1996 each certificate holder described in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section must 
submit to the FAA a transition plan 
(containing a calendar of events) for 
moving from conducting its scheduled 
operations under the commuter re-
quirements of part 135 of this chapter 
to the requirements for domestic or 
flag operations under part 121 of this 
chapter. Each transition plan must 
contain details on the following: 

(1) Plans for obtaining new oper-

ations specifications authorizing do-
mestic or flag operations; 

(2) Plans for being in compliance 

with the applicable requirements of 
part 121 of this chapter on or before 
March 20, 1997; and 

(3) Plans for complying with the com-

pliance date schedules contained in 
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section. 

[Doc. No. 28154, 60 FR 65938, Dec. 20, 1995, as 
amended by Amdt. 135–65, 61 FR 30435, June 
14, 1996; Amdt. 135–66, 62 FR 13257, Mar. 19, 
1997] 

§ 135.3 Rules applicable to operations 

subject to this part. 

(a) Each person operating an aircraft 

in operations under this part shall— 

(1) While operating inside the United 

States, comply with the applicable 
rules of this chapter; and 

(2) While operating outside the 

United States, comply with Annex 2, 
Rules of the Air, to the Convention on 
International Civil Aviation or the reg-
ulations of any foreign country, which-
ever applies, and with any rules of 
parts 61 and 91 of this chapter and this 
part that are more restrictive than 
that Annex or those regulations and 
that can be complied with without vio-
lating that Annex or those regulations. 
Annex 2 is incorporated by reference in 
§ 91.703(b) of this chapter. 

(b) Each certificate holder that con-

ducts commuter operations under this 
part with airplanes in which two pilots 
are required by the type certification 
rules of this chapter shall comply with 
subparts N and O of part 121 of this 
chapter instead of the requirements of 
subparts E, G, and H of this part. Not-
withstanding the requirements of this 
paragraph, a pilot serving under this 
part as second in command in a com-
muter operation with airplanes in 
which two pilots are required by the 
type certification rules of this chapter 
may meet the requirements of § 135.245 
instead of the requirements of § 121.436. 

(c) If authorized by the Adminis-

trator upon application, each certifi-
cate holder that conducts operations 
under this part to which paragraph (b) 
of this section does not apply, may 
comply with the applicable sections of 
subparts N and O of part 121 instead of 
the requirements of subparts E, G, and 
H of this part, except that those au-
thorized certificate holders may choose 
to comply with the operating experi-
ence requirements of § 135.244, instead 
of the requirements of § 121.434 of this 
chapter. Notwithstanding the require-
ments of this paragraph, a pilot serving 
under this part as second in command 
may meet the requirements of § 135.245 
instead of the requirements of § 121.436. 

(d) Additional limitations applicable 

to certificate holders that are required 
by paragraph (b) of this section or au-
thorized in accordance with paragraph 
(c) of this section, to comply with part 
121, subparts N and O of this chapter 
instead of subparts E, G, and H of this 
part. 

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422 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 135.4 

(1) 

Upgrade training. 

(i) Each certifi-

cate holder must include in upgrade 
ground training for pilots, instruction 
in at least the subjects identified in 
§ 121.419(a) of this chapter, as applicable 
to their assigned duties; and, for pilots 
serving in crews of two or more pilots, 
beginning on April 27, 2022, instruction 
and facilitated discussion in the sub-
jects identified in § 121.419(c) of this 
chapter. 

(ii) Each certificate holder must in-

clude in upgrade flight training for pi-
lots, flight training for the maneuvers 
and procedures required in § 121.424(a), 
(c), (e), and (f) of this chapter; and, for 
pilots serving in crews of two or more 
pilots, beginning on April 27, 2022, the 
flight training required in § 121.424(b) of 
this chapter. 

(2) 

Initial and recurrent leadership and 

command and mentoring training. 

Cer-

tificate holders are not required to in-
clude leadership and command training 
in §§ 121.409(b)(2)(ii)(B)(

6

), 121.419(c)(1), 

121.424(b) and 121.427(d)(1) of this chap-
ter and mentoring training in 
§§ 121.419(c)(2) and 121.427(d)(1) of this 
chapter in initial and recurrent train-
ing for pilots in command who serve in 
operations that use only one pilot. 

(3) 

One-time leadership and command 

and mentoring training. 

Section 121.429 

of this chapter does not apply to cer-
tificate holders conducting operations 
under this part when those operations 
use only one pilot. 

[Doc. No. 27993, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 20, 1995, as 
amended by Amdt. 135–65, 61 FR 30435, June 
14, 1996; Amdt. 135–127A, 78 FR 77574, Dec. 24, 
2013; Docket FAA–2010–0100, Amdt. 135–127B, 
81 FR 2, Jan. 4, 2016; Amdt. 135–142, 85 FR 
10935, Feb. 25, 2020] 

§ 135.4 Applicability of rules for eligi-

ble on-demand operations. 

(a) An ‘‘eligible on-demand oper-

ation’’ is an on-demand operation con-
ducted under this part that meets the 
following requirements: 

(1) 

Two-pilot crew. 

The flightcrew 

must consist of at least two qualified 
pilots employed or contracted by the 
certificate holder. 

(2) 

Flight crew experience. 

The crew-

members must have met the applicable 
requirements of part 61 of this chapter 
and have the following experience and 
ratings: 

(i) Total flight time for all pilots: 
(A) Pilot in command—A minimum 

of 1,500 hours. 

(B) Second in command—A minimum 

of 500 hours. 

(ii) For multi-engine turbine-powered 

fixed-wing and powered-lift aircraft, 
the following FAA certification and 
ratings requirements: 

(A) Pilot in command—Airline trans-

port pilot and applicable type ratings. 

(B) Second in command—Commercial 

pilot and instrument ratings. 

(iii) For all other aircraft, the fol-

lowing FAA certification and rating re-
quirements: 

(A) Pilot in command—Commercial 

pilot and instrument ratings. 

(B) Second in command—Commercial 

pilot and instrument ratings. 

(3) 

Pilot operating limitations. 

If the 

second in command of a fixed-wing air-
craft has fewer than 100 hours of flight 
time as second in command flying in 
the aircraft make and model and, if a 
type rating is required, in the type air-
craft being flown, and the pilot in com-
mand is not an appropriately qualified 
check pilot, the pilot in command shall 
make all takeoffs and landings in any 
of the following situations: 

(i) Landings at the destination air-

port when a Destination Airport Anal-
ysis is required by § 135.385(f); and 

(ii) In any of the following condi-

tions: 

(A) The prevailing visibility for the 

airport is at or below 

3

4

mile. 

(B) The runway visual range for the 

runway to be used is at or below 4,000 
feet. 

(C) The runway to be used has water, 

snow, slush, ice, or similar contamina-
tion that may adversely affect aircraft 
performance. 

(D) The braking action on the run-

way to be used is reported to be less 
than ‘‘good.’’ 

(E) The crosswind component for the 

runway to be used is in excess of 15 
knots. 

(F) Windshear is reported in the vi-

cinity of the airport. 

(G) Any other condition in which the 

pilot in command determines it to be 
prudent to exercise the pilot in com-
mand’s authority. 

(4) 

Crew pairing. 

Either the pilot in 

command or the second in command