495
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 135.341
The observation check may be accom-
plished in part or in full in an aircraft,
in a flight simulator, or in a flight
training device. This paragraph applies
after March 19, 1997.
(b) The observation check required
by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is
considered to have been completed in
the month required if completed in the
calendar month before, or the calendar
month after, the month in which it is
due.
(c) The initial ground training for
flight instructors must include the fol-
lowing:
(1) Flight instructor duties, func-
tions, and responsibilities.
(2) The applicable Code of Federal
Regulations and the certificate hold-
er’s policies and procedures.
(3) The applicable methods, proce-
dures, and techniques for conducting
flight instruction.
(4) Proper evaluation of student per-
formance including the detection of—
(i) Improper and insufficient train-
ing; and
(ii) Personal characteristics of an ap-
plicant that could adversely affect
safety.
(5) The corrective action in the case
of unsatisfactory training progress.
(6) The approved methods, proce-
dures, and limitations for performing
the required normal, abnormal, and
emergency procedures in the aircraft.
(7) Except for holders of a flight in-
structor certificate—
(i) The fundamental principles of the
teaching-learning process;
(ii) Teaching methods and proce-
dures; and
(iii) The instructor-student relation-
ship.
(d) The transition ground training for
flight instructors must include the ap-
proved methods, procedures, and limi-
tations for performing the required
normal, abnormal, and emergency pro-
cedures applicable to the type, class, or
category aircraft to which the flight
instructor is in transition.
(e) The initial and transition flight
training for flight instructors (aircraft)
must include the following—
(1) The safety measures for emer-
gency situations that are likely to de-
velop during instruction;
(2) The potential results of improper
or untimely safety measures during in-
struction;
(3) Training and practice from the
left and right pilot seats in the re-
quired normal, abnormal, and emer-
gency maneuvers to ensure competence
to conduct the flight instruction re-
quired by this part; and
(4) The safety measures to be taken
from either the left or right pilot seat
for emergency situations that are like-
ly to develop during instruction.
(f) The requirements of paragraph (e)
of this section may be accomplished in
full or in part in flight, in a flight sim-
ulator, or in a flight training device, as
appropriate.
(g) The initial and transition flight
training for a flight instructor (simu-
lator) must include the following:
(1) Training and practice in the re-
quired normal, abnormal, and emer-
gency procedures to ensure competence
to conduct the flight instruction re-
quired by this part. These maneuvers
and procedures must be accomplished
in full or in part in a flight simulator
or in a flight training device.
(2) Training in the operation of flight
simulators, flight training devices, or
both, to ensure competence to conduct
the flight instruction required by this
part.
[Doc. No. 28471, 61 FR 30745, June 17, 1996; 61
FR 34927, July 3, 1996; 62 FR 3739, Jan. 24,
1997]
§ 135.341 Pilot and flight attendant
crewmember training programs.
(a) Each certificate holder, other
than one who uses only one pilot in the
certificate holder’s operations, shall
establish and maintain an approved
pilot training program, and each cer-
tificate holder who uses a flight at-
tendant crewmember shall establish
and maintain an approved flight at-
tendant training program, that is ap-
propriate to the operations to which
each pilot and flight attendant is to be
assigned, and will ensure that they are
adequately trained to meet the appli-
cable knowledge and practical testing
requirements of §§ 135.293 through
135.301. However, the Administrator
may authorize a deviation from this
section if the Administrator finds that,
because of the limited size and scope of
