title-14-part-135-sec135-351

497

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 135.351

air turbulence), icing, hail, and other
potentially hazardous meteorological
conditions; and

(iv) Operating airplanes during

ground icing conditions, (

i.e.

, any time

conditions are such that frost, ice, or
snow may reasonably be expected to
adhere to the airplane), if the certifi-
cate holder expects to authorize take-
offs in ground icing conditions, includ-
ing:

(A) The use of holdover times when

using deicing/anti-icing fluids;

(B) Airplane deicing/anti-icing proce-

dures, including inspection and check
procedures and responsibilities;

(

i.e.

, adherence of frost, ice, or snow)

and critical area identification, and
knowledge of how contamination ad-
versely affects airplane performance
and flight characteristics;

(E) Types and characteristics of deic-

ing/anti-icing fluids, if used by the cer-
tificate holder;

(F) Cold weather preflight inspection

procedures;

(G) Techniques for recognizing con-

tamination on the airplane;

(7) Operating limitations;
(8) Fuel consumption and cruise con-

trol;

(9) Flight planning;
(10) Each normal and emergency pro-

cedure; and

(11) The approved Aircraft Flight

Manual, or equivalent.

[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as
amended by Amdt. 135–27, 53 FR 37697, Sept.
27, 1988; Amdt. 135–46, 58 FR 69630, Dec. 30,
1993; Amdt. 135–108, 72 FR 1885, Jan. 16, 2007;
Amdt. 135–110, 72 FR 31685, June 7, 2007;
Amdt. 135–112, 73 FR 8798, Feb. 15, 2008]

§ 135.347 Pilots: Initial, transition, up-

grade, and differences flight train-

ing.

(a) Initial, transition, upgrade, and

differences training for pilots must in-
clude flight and practice in each of the
maneuvers and procedures in the ap-
proved training program curriculum.

(b) The maneuvers and procedures re-

quired by paragraph (a) of this section
must be performed in flight, except to
the extent that certain maneuvers and
procedures may be performed in an air-
craft simulator, or an appropriate

training device, as allowed by this sub-
part.

proved training program includes a
course of training using an aircraft
simulator or other training device,
each pilot must successfully com-
plete—

(1) Training and practice in the simu-

lator or training device in at least the
maneuvers and procedures in this sub-
part that are capable of being per-
formed in the aircraft simulator or
training device; and

(2) A flight check in the aircraft or a

check in the simulator or training de-
vice to the level of proficiency of a
pilot in command or second in com-
mand, as applicable, in at least the ma-
neuvers and procedures that are capa-
ble of being performed in an aircraft
simulator or training device.

§ 135.349 Flight attendants: Initial and

transition ground training.

Initial and transition ground train-

ing for flight attendants must include
instruction in at least the following—

(a) General subjects—
(1) The authority of the pilot in com-

mand; and

(2) Passenger handling, including pro-

cedures to be followed in handling de-
ranged persons or other persons whose
conduct might jeopardize safety.

(b) For each aircraft type—
(1) A general description of the air-

craft emphasizing physical characteris-
tics that may have a bearing on ditch-
ing, evacuation, and inflight emer-
gency procedures and on other related
duties;

(2) The use of both the public address

system and the means of commu-
nicating with other flight crew-
members, including emergency means
in the case of attempted hijacking or
other unusual situations; and

(3) Proper use of electrical galley

equipment and the controls for cabin
heat and ventilation.

§ 135.351 Recurrent training.

(a) Each certificate holder must en-

sure that each crewmember receives
recurrent training and is adequately
trained and currently proficient for the
type aircraft and crewmember position
involved.

498

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 135.353

(b) Recurrent ground training for

crewmembers must include at least the
following:

(1) A quiz or other review to deter-

mine the crewmember’s knowledge of
the aircraft and crewmember position
involved.

(2) Instruction as necessary in the

subjects required for initial ground
training by this subpart, as appro-
priate, including low-altitude
windshear training and training on op-
erating during ground icing conditions
as prescribed in § 135.341 and described
in § 135.345, crew resource management
training as prescribed in § 135.330, and
emergency training as prescribed in
§ 135.331.

lots must include, at least, flight train-
ing in the maneuvers or procedures in
this subpart, except that satisfactory
completion of the check required by
§ 135.293 within the preceding 12 cal-
endar months may be substituted for
recurrent flight training.

[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as
amended by Amdt. 135–27, 53 FR 37698, Sept.
27, 1988; Amdt. 135–46, 58 FR 69630, Dec. 30,
1993; Amdt. 135–122, 76 FR 3837, Jan. 21, 2011]

§ 135.353 [Reserved]

Subpart I—Airplane Performance

Operating Limitations

§ 135.361 Applicability.

(a) This subpart prescribes airplane

performance operating limitations ap-
plicable to the operation of the cat-
egories of airplanes listed in § 135.363
when operated under this part.

(b) For the purpose of this subpart,

effective length of the runway,

for land-

ing means the distance from the point
at which the obstruction clearance
plane associated with the approach end
of the runway intersects the centerline
of the runway to the far end of the run-
way.

obstruction clearance plane

means a

plane sloping upward from the runway
at a slope of 1:20 to the horizontal, and
tangent to or clearing all obstructions
within a specified area surrounding the
runway as shown in a profile view of
that area. In the plan view, the center-
line of the specified area coincides with

the centerline of the runway, beginning
at the point where the obstruction
clearance plane intersects the center-
line of the runway and proceeding to a
point at least 1,500 feet from the begin-
ning point. After that the centerline
coincides with the takeoff path over
the ground for the runway (in the case
of takeoffs) or with the instrument ap-
proach counterpart (for landings), or,
where the applicable one of these paths
has not been established, it proceeds
consistent with turns of at least 4,000-
foot radius until a point is reached be-
yond which the obstruction clearance
plane clears all obstructions. This area
extends laterally 200 feet on each side
of the centerline at the point where the
obstruction clearance plane intersects
the runway and continues at this width
to the end of the runway; then it in-
creases uniformly to 500 feet on each
side of the centerline at a point 1,500
feet from the intersection of the ob-
struction clearance plane with the run-
way; after that it extends laterally 500
feet on each side of the centerline.

§ 135.363 General.

(a) Each certificate holder operating

a reciprocating engine powered large
transport category airplane shall com-
ply with §§ 135.365 through 135.377.

(b) Each certificate holder operating

a turbine engine powered large trans-
port category airplane shall comply
with §§ 135.379 through 135.387, except
that when it operates a turbopropeller-
powered large transport category air-
plane certificated after August 29, 1959,
but previously type certificated with
the same number of reciprocating en-
gines, it may comply with §§ 135.365
through 135.377.

a large nontransport category airplane
shall comply with §§ 135.389 through
135.395 and any determination of com-
pliance must be based only on approved
performance data. For the purpose of
this subpart, a large nontrans- port
category airplane is an airplane that
was type certificated before July 1,
1942.

(d) Each certificate holder operating

a small transport category airplane
shall comply with § 135.397.