507
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 135.398
(3) The prevailing weather condi-
tions, particularly the frequency and
amount of turbulence normally en-
countered.
(4) Terrain features.
(5) Air traffic problems.
(6) Any other operational factors
that affect the operations.
(c) For the purposes of this section, it
is assumed that—
(1) The critical engine is inoperative;
(2) The propeller of the inoperative
engine is in the minimum drag posi-
tion;
(3) The wing flaps and landing gear
are in the most favorable position;
(4) The operating engines are oper-
ating at the maximum continuous
power available;
(5) The airplane is operating in stand-
ard atmosphere; and
(6) The weight of the airplane is pro-
gressively reduced by the anticipated
consumption of fuel and oil.
§ 135.393 Large nontransport category
airplanes: Landing limitations: Des-
tination airports.
(a) No person operating a large non-
transport category airplane may take
off that airplane at a weight that—
(1) Allowing for anticipated consump-
tion of fuel and oil, is greater than the
weight that would allow a full stop
landing within 60 percent of the effec-
tive length of the most suitable run-
way at the destination airport; and
(2) Is greater than the weight allow-
able if the landing is to be made on the
runway—
(i) With the greatest effective length
in still air; and
(ii) Required by the probable wind,
taking into account not more than 50
percent of the headwind component or
not less than 150 percent of the tail-
wind component.
(b) For the purpose of this section, it
is assumed that—
(1) The airplane passes directly over
the intersection of the obstruction
clearance plane and the runway at a
height of 50 feet in a steady gliding ap-
proach at a true indicated airspeed of
at least 1.3 V
so
;
(2) The landing does not require ex-
ceptional pilot skill; and
(3) The airplane is operating in stand-
ard atmosphere.
§ 135.395 Large nontransport category
airplanes: Landing limitations: Al-
ternate airports.
No person may select an airport as
an alternate airport for a large non-
transport category airplane unless that
airplane (at the weight anticipated at
the time of arrival), based on the as-
sumptions in § 135.393(b), can be
brought to a full stop landing within 70
percent of the effective length of the
runway.
§ 135.397 Small transport category air-
plane performance operating limi-
tations.
(a) No person may operate a recipro-
cating engine powered small transport
category airplane unless that person
complies with the weight limitations
in § 135.365, the takeoff limitations in
§ 135.367 (except paragraph (a)(3)), and
the landing limitations in §§ 135.375 and
135.377.
(b) No person may operate a turbine
engine powered small transport cat-
egory airplane unless that person com-
plies with the takeoff limitations in
§ 135.379 (except paragraphs (d) and (f))
and the landing limitations in §§ 135.385
and 135.387.
§ 135.398 Commuter category airplanes
performance operating limitations.
(a) No person may operate a com-
muter category airplane unless that
person complies with the takeoff
weight limitations in the approved Air-
plane Flight Manual.
(b) No person may take off an air-
plane type certificated in the com-
muter category at a weight greater
than that listed in the Airplane Flight
Manual that allows a net takeoff flight
path that clears all obstacles either by
a height of at least 35 feet vertically,
or at least 200 feet horizontally within
the airport boundaries and by at least
300 feet horizontally after passing the
boundaries.
(c) No person may operate a com-
muter category airplane unless that
person complies with the landing limi-
tations prescribed in §§ 135.385 and
135.387 of this part. For purposes of this
508
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 135.399
paragraph, §§ 135.385 and 135.387 are ap-
plicable to all commuter category air-
planes notwithstanding their stated ap-
plicability to turbine-engine-powered
large transport category airplanes.
(d) In determining maximum
weights, minimum distances and flight
paths under paragraphs (a) through (c)
of this section, correction must be
made for the runway to be used, the
elevation of the airport, the effective
runway gradient, and ambient tem-
perature, and wind component at the
time of takeoff.
(e) For the purposes of this section,
the assumption is that the airplane is
not banked before reaching a height of
50 feet as shown by the net takeoff
flight path data in the Airplane Flight
Manual and thereafter the maximum
bank is not more than 15 degrees.
[Doc. No. 23516, 52 FR 1836, Jan. 15, 1987]
§ 135.399 Small nontransport category
airplane performance operating
limitations.
(a) No person may operate a recipro-
cating engine or turbopropeller-pow-
ered small airplane that is certificated
under § 135.169(b) (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6)
unless that person complies with the
takeoff weight limitations in the ap-
proved Airplane Flight Manual or
equivalent for operations under this
part, and, if the airplane is certificated
under § 135.169(b) (4) or (5) with the
landing weight limitations in the Ap-
proved Airplane Flight Manual or
equivalent for operations under this
part.
(b) No person may operate an air-
plane that is certificated under
§ 135.169(b)(6) unless that person com-
plies with the landing limitations pre-
scribed in §§ 135.385 and 135.387 of this
part. For purposes of this paragraph,
§§ 135.385 and 135.387 are applicable to
reciprocating and turbopropeller-pow-
ered small airplanes notwithstanding
their stated applicability to turbine en-
gine powered large transport category
airplanes.
[44 FR 53731, Sept. 17, 1979]
Subpart J—Maintenance, Preven-
tive Maintenance, and Alter-
ations
§ 135.411 Applicability.
(a) This subpart prescribes rules in
addition to those in other parts of this
chapter for the maintenance, preven-
tive maintenance, and alterations for
each certificate holder as follows:
(1) Aircraft that are type certificated
for a passenger seating configuration,
excluding any pilot seat, of nine seats
or less, shall be maintained under parts
91 and 43 of this chapter and §§ 135.415,
135.417, 135.421 and 135.422. An approved
aircraft inspection program may be
used under § 135.419.
(2) Aircraft that are type certificated
for a passenger seating configuration,
excluding any pilot seat, of ten seats or
more, shall be maintained under a
maintenance program in §§ 135.415,
135.417, 135.423 through 135.443.
(b) A certificate holder who is not
otherwise required, may elect to main-
tain its aircraft under paragraph (a)(2)
of this section.
(c) Single engine aircraft used in pas-
senger-carrying IFR operations shall
also be maintained in accordance with
§ 135.421 (c), (d), and (e).
(d) A certificate holder who elects to
operate in accordance with § 135.364
must maintain its aircraft under para-
graph (a)(2) of this section and the ad-
ditional requirements of Appendix G of
this part.
[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as
amended by Amdt. 135–70, 62 FR 42374, Aug. 6,
1997; Amdt. 135–78, 65 FR 60556, Oct. 11, 2000;
Amdt. 135–92, 68 FR 69308, Dec. 12, 2003; Amdt.
135–81, 70 FR 5533, Feb. 2, 2005; Amdt. 135–108,
72 FR 1885, Jan. 16, 2007; 72 FR 53114, Sept. 18,
2007]
§ 135.413 Responsibility for airworthi-
ness.
(a) Each certificate holder is pri-
marily responsible for the airworthi-
ness of its aircraft, including air-
frames, aircraft engines, propellers, ro-
tors, appliances, and parts, and shall
have its aircraft maintained under this
chapter, and shall have defects repaired
between required maintenance under
part 43 of this chapter.