434
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 135.95
which case the altitude is defined by
reference to the DA(H) or MDA itself.
(b)
Takeoff and initial climb.
No person
may use an autopilot for takeoff or ini-
tial climb below the higher of 500 feet
or an altitude that is no lower than
twice the altitude loss specified in the
Airplane Flight Manual (AFM), except
as follows—
(1) At a minimum engagement alti-
tude specified in the AFM; or
(2) At an altitude specified by the Ad-
ministrator, whichever is greater.
(c)
Enroute.
No person may use an
autopilot enroute, including climb and
descent, below the following—
(1) 500 feet;
(2) At an altitude that is no lower
than twice the altitude loss specified in
the AFM for an autopilot malfunction
in cruise conditions; or
(3) At an altitude specified by the Ad-
ministrator, whichever is greater.
(d)
Approach.
No person may use an
autopilot at an altitude lower than 50
feet below the DA(H) or MDA for the
instrument procedure being flown, ex-
cept as follows—
(1) For autopilots with an AFM speci-
fied altitude loss for approach oper-
ations—
(i) An altitude no lower than twice
the specified altitude loss if higher
than 50 feet below the MDA or DA(H);
(ii) An altitude no lower than 50 feet
higher than the altitude loss specified
in the AFM, when the following condi-
tions are met—
(A) Reported weather conditions are
less than the basic VFR weather condi-
tions in § 91.155 of this chapter;
(B) Suitable visual references speci-
fied in § 91.175 of this chapter have been
established on the instrument ap-
proach procedure; and
(C) The autopilot is coupled and re-
ceiving both lateral and vertical path
references;
(iii) An altitude no lower than the
higher of the altitude loss specified in
the AFM or 50 feet above the TDZE,
when the following conditions are
met—
(A) Reported weather conditions are
equal to or better than the basic VFR
weather conditions in § 91.155 of this
chapter; and
(B) The autopilot is coupled and re-
ceiving both lateral and vertical path
references; or
(iv) A greater altitude specified by
the Administrator.
(2) For autopilots with AFM specified
approach altitude limitations, the
greater of—
(i) The minimum use altitude speci-
fied for the coupled approach mode se-
lected;
(ii) 50 feet; or
(iii) An altitude specified by Admin-
istrator.
(3) For autopilots with an AFM speci-
fied negligible or zero altitude loss for
an autopilot approach mode malfunc-
tion, the greater of—
(i) 50 feet; or
(ii) An altitude specified by Adminis-
trator.
(4) If executing an autopilot coupled
go-around or missed approach using a
certificated and functioning autopilot
in accordance with paragraph (e) in
this section.
(e)
Go-Around/Missed Approach.
No
person may engage an autopilot during
a go-around or missed approach below
the minimum engagement altitude
specified for takeoff and initial climb
in paragraph (b) in this section. An
autopilot minimum use altitude does
not apply to a go-around/missed ap-
proach initiated with an engaged auto-
pilot. Performing a go-around or
missed approach with an engaged auto-
pilot must not adversely affect safe ob-
stacle clearance.
(f)
Landing.
Notwithstanding para-
graph (d) of this section, autopilot min-
imum use altitudes do not apply to
autopilot operations when an approved
automatic landing system mode is
being used for landing. Automatic
landing systems must be authorized in
an operations specification issued to
the operator.
(g) This section does not apply to op-
erations conducted in rotorcraft.
[Doc. No. FAA–2012–1059, 79 FR 6088, Feb. 3,
2014]
§ 135.95 Airmen: Limitations on use of
services.
(a) No certificate holder may use the
services of any person as an airman un-
less the person performing those serv-
ices—
435
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 135.99
(1) Holds an appropriate and current
airman certificate; and
(2) Is qualified, under this chapter,
for the operation for which the person
is to be used.
(b) A certificate holder may obtain
approval to provide a temporary docu-
ment verifying a flightcrew member’s
airman certificate and medical certifi-
cate privileges under an approved cer-
tificate verification plan set forth in
the certificate holder’s operations
specifications. A document provided by
the certificate holder may be carried as
an airman certificate or medical cer-
tificate on flights within the United
States for up to 72 hours.
[Amdt. No. 135–140, 83 FR 30282, June 27, 2018]
§ 135.97 Aircraft and facilities for re-
cent flight experience.
Each certificate holder shall provide
aircraft and facilities to enable each of
its pilots to maintain and demonstrate
the pilot’s ability to conduct all oper-
ations for which the pilot is author-
ized.
§ 135.98 Operations in the North Polar
Area.
After August 13, 2008, no certificate
holder may operate an aircraft in the
region north of 78
°
N latitude (‘‘North
Polar Area’’), other than intrastate op-
erations wholly within the state of
Alaska, unless authorized by the FAA.
The certificate holder’s operation spec-
ifications must include the following:
(a) The designation of airports that
may be used for en-route diversions
and the requirements the airports must
meet at the time of diversion.
(b) Except for all-cargo operations, a
recovery plan for passengers at des-
ignated diversion airports.
(c) A fuel-freeze strategy and proce-
dures for monitoring fuel freezing for
operations in the North Polar Area.
(d) A plan to ensure communication
capability for operations in the North
Polar Area.
(e) An MEL for operations in the
North Polar Area.
(f) A training plan for operations in
the North Polar Area.
(g) A plan for mitigating crew expo-
sure to radiation during solar flare ac-
tivity.
(h) A plan for providing at least two
cold weather anti-exposure suits in the
aircraft, to protect crewmembers dur-
ing outside activity at a diversion air-
port with extreme climatic conditions.
The FAA may relieve the certificate
holder from this requirement if the
season of the year makes the equip-
ment unnecessary.
[Doc. No. FAA–2002–6717, 72 FR 1885, Jan. 16,
2007, as amended by Amdt. 135–112, 73 FR
8798, Feb. 15, 2008]
§ 135.99 Composition of flight crew.
(a) No certificate holder may operate
an aircraft with less than the min-
imum flight crew specified in the air-
craft operating limitations or the Air-
craft Flight Manual for that aircraft
and required by this part for the kind
of operation being conducted.
(b) No certificate holder may operate
an aircraft without a second in com-
mand if that aircraft has a passenger
seating configuration, excluding any
pilot seat, of ten seats or more.
(c) Except as provided in paragraph
(d) of this section, a certificate holder
authorized to conduct operations under
instrument flight rules may receive au-
thorization from the Administrator
through its operations specifications to
establish a second-in-command profes-
sional development program. As part of
that program, a pilot employed by the
certificate holder may log time as sec-
ond in command in operations con-
ducted under this part and part 91 of
this chapter that do not require a sec-
ond pilot by type certification of the
aircraft or the regulation under which
the flight is being conducted, provided
the flight operation is conducted in ac-
cordance with the certificate holder’s
operations specifications for second-in-
command professional development
program; and—
(1) The certificate holder:
(i) Maintains records for each as-
signed second in command consistent
with the requirements in § 135.63;
(ii) Provides a copy of the records re-
quired by § 135.63(a)(4)(vi) and (x) to the
assigned second in command upon re-
quest and within a reasonable time;
and
(iii) Establishes and maintains a data
collection and analysis process that
will enable the certificate holder and