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575 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 139.307 

(e) As appropriate, comply with the 

following training requirements of this 
part: 

(1) § 139.319, Aircraft rescue and fire-

fighting: Operational requirements; 

(2) § 139.321, Handling and storage of 

hazardous substances and materials; 

(3) § 139.327, Self-inspection program; 
(4) § 139.329, Pedestrians and Ground 

Vehicles; 

(5) § 139.337, Wildlife hazard manage-

ment; 

(6) § 139.339, Airport condition report-

ing; and 

(7) § 139.402, Components of airport 

safety management system. 

(f) Use an independent organization, 

or designee, to comply with the re-
quirements of its Airport Certification 
Manual and the requirements of this 
part only if— 

(1) Such an arrangement is author-

ized by the Administrator; 

(2) A description of responsibilities 

and duties that will be assumed by an 
independent organization or designee is 
specified in the Airport Certification 
Manual; and 

(3) The independent organization or 

designee prepares records required 
under this part in sufficient detail to 
assure the certificate holder and the 
Administrator of adequate compliance 
with the Airport Certification Manual 
and the requirements of this part. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2000–7479, 69 FR 6424, Feb. 10, 
2004; Amdt. 139–26, 69 FR 31522, June 4, 2004, 
as amended by Amdt. 139–27, 78 FR 3316, Jan. 
16, 2013; Docket No. FAA–2010–0997;Amdt. No. 
139–28, 88 FR 11672, Feb. 23, 2023] 

§ 139.305 Paved areas. 

(a) In a manner authorized by the Ad-

ministrator, each certificate holder 
must maintain, and promptly repair 
the pavement of, each runway, taxi-
way, loading ramp, and parking area 
on the airport that is available for air 
carrier use as follows: 

(1) The pavement edges must not ex-

ceed 3 inches difference in elevation be-
tween abutting pavement sections and 
between pavement and abutting areas. 

(2) The pavement must have no hole 

exceeding 3 inches in depth nor any 
hole the slope of which from any point 
in the hole to the nearest point at the 
lip of the hole is 45 degrees or greater, 
as measured from the pavement surface 

plane, unless, in either case, the entire 
area of the hole can be covered by a 5- 
inch diameter circle. 

(3) The pavement must be free of 

cracks and surface variations that 
could impair directional control of air 
carrier aircraft, including any pave-
ment crack or surface deterioration 
that produces loose aggregate or other 
contaminants. 

(4) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b) of this section, mud, dirt, sand, 
loose aggregate, debris, foreign objects, 
rubber deposits, and other contami-
nants must be removed promptly and 
as completely as practicable. 

(5) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b) of this section, any chemical sol-
vent that is used to clean any pave-
ment area must be removed as soon as 
possible, consistent with the instruc-
tions of the manufacturer of the sol-
vent. 

(6) The pavement must be suffi-

ciently drained and free of depressions 
to prevent ponding that obscures 
markings or impairs safe aircraft oper-
ations. 

(b) Paragraphs (a)(4) and (a)(5) of this 

section do not apply to snow and ice 
accumulations and their control, in-
cluding the associated use of materials, 
such as sand and deicing solutions. 

(c) FAA Advisory Circulars contain 

methods and procedures for the main-
tenance and configuration of paved 
areas that are acceptable to the Ad-
ministrator. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2000–7479, 69 FR 6424, Feb. 10, 
2004; Amdt. 139–26, 69 FR 31522, June 4, 2004] 

§ 139.307 Unpaved areas. 

(a) In a manner authorized by the Ad-

ministrator, each certificate holder 
must maintain and promptly repair the 
surface of each gravel, turf, or other 
unpaved runway, taxiway, or loading 
ramp and parking area on the airport 
that is available for air carrier use as 
follows: 

(1) No slope from the edge of the full- 

strength surfaces downward to the ex-
isting terrain must be steeper than 2:1. 

(2) The full-strength surfaces must 

have adequate crown or grade to assure 
sufficient drainage to prevent ponding. 

(3) The full-strength surfaces must be 

adequately compacted and sufficiently 
stable to prevent rutting by aircraft or 

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576 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 139.309 

the loosening or build-up of surface 
material, which could impair direc-
tional control of aircraft or drainage. 

(4) The full-strength surfaces must 

have no holes or depressions that ex-
ceed 3 inches in depth and are of a 
breadth capable of impairing direc-
tional control or causing damage to an 
aircraft. 

(5) Debris and foreign objects must be 

promptly removed from the surface. 

(b) FAA Advisory Circulars contain 

methods and procedures for the main-
tenance and configuration of unpaved 
areas that are acceptable to the Ad-
ministrator. 

§ 139.309 Safety areas. 

(a) In a manner authorized by the Ad-

ministrator, each certificate holder 
must provide and maintain, for each 
runway and taxiway that is available 
for air carrier use, a safety area of at 
least the dimensions that— 

(1) Existed on December 31, 1987, if 

the runway or taxiway had a safety 
area on December 31, 1987, and if no re-
construction or significant expansion 
of the runway or taxiway was begun on 
or after January 1, 1988; or 

(2) Are authorized by the Adminis-

trator at the time the construction, re-
construction, or expansion began if 
construction, reconstruction, or sig-
nificant expansion of the runway or 
taxiway began on or after January 1, 
1988. 

(b) Each certificate holder must 

maintain its safety areas as follows: 

(1) Each safety area must be cleared 

and graded and have no potentially 
hazardous ruts, humps, depressions, or 
other surface variations. 

(2) Each safety area must be drained 

by grading or storm sewers to prevent 
water accumulation. 

(3) Each safety area must be capable 

under dry conditions of supporting 
snow removal and aircraft rescue and 
firefighting equipment and of sup-
porting the occasional passage of air-
craft without causing major damage to 
the aircraft. 

(4) No objects may be located in any 

safety area, except for objects that 
need to be located in a safety area be-
cause of their function. These objects 
must be constructed, to the extent 
practical, on frangibly mounted struc-

tures of the lowest practical height, 
with the frangible point no higher than 
3 inches above grade. 

(c) FAA Advisory Circulars contain 

methods and procedures for the con-
figuration and maintenance of safety 
areas acceptable to the Administrator. 

§ 139.311 Marking, signs, and lighting. 

(a) 

Marking. 

Each certificate holder 

must provide and maintain marking 
systems for air carrier operations on 
the airport that are authorized by the 
Administrator and consist of at least 
the following: 

(1) Runway markings meeting the 

specifications for takeoff and landing 
minimums for each runway. 

(2) A taxiway centerline. 
(3) Taxiway edge markings, as appro-

priate. 

(4) Holding position markings. 
(5) Instrument landing system (ILS) 

critical area markings. 

(b) 

Signs. 

(1) Each certificate holder 

must provide and maintain sign sys-
tems for air carrier operations on the 
airport that are authorized by the Ad-
ministrator and consist of at least the 
following: 

(i) Signs identifying taxiing routes 

on the movement area. 

(ii) Holding position signs. 
(iii) Instrument landing system (ILS) 

critical area signs. 

(2) Unless otherwise authorized by 

the Administrator, the signs required 
by paragraph (b)(1) of this section must 
be internally illuminated at each Class 
I, II, and IV airport. 

(3) Unless otherwise authorized by 

the Administrator, the signs required 
by paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and (b)(1)(iii) of 
this section must be internally illumi-
nated at each Class III airport. 

(c) 

Lighting. 

Each certificate holder 

must provide and maintain lighting 
systems for air carrier operations when 
the airport is open at night, during 
conditions below visual flight rules 
(VFR) minimums, or in Alaska, during 
periods in which a prominent unlighted 
object cannot be seen from a distance 
of 3 statute miles or the sun is more 
than six degrees below the horizon. 
These lighting systems must be au-
thorized by the Administrator and con-
sist of at least the following: