648 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 142.49 

aeronautical experience requirements 
of § 61.129 (a), (b), (c), or (e) of this chap-
ter, as applicable, excluding the re-
quired hours of instruction in prepara-
tion for the commercial pilot practical 
test; 

(ii) If instructing in flight simulator 

or flight training device that rep-
resents an airplane requiring a type 
rating or if instructing in a curriculum 
leading to the issuance of an airline 
transport pilot certificate or an added 
rating to an airline transport pilot cer-
tificate, meets the aeronautical experi-
ence requirements of § 61.159, § 61.161, or 
§ 61.163 of this chapter, as applicable; or 

(iii) Is employed as a flight simulator 

instructor or a flight training device 
instructor for a training center pro-
viding instruction and testing to meet 
the requirements of part 61 of this 
chapter on August 1, 1996. 

(b) A training center must designate 

each instructor in writing to instruct 
in each approved course, prior to that 
person functioning as an instructor in 
that course. 

(c) Prior to initial designation, each 

instructor shall: 

(1) Complete at least 8 hours of 

ground training on the following sub-
ject matter: 

(i) Instruction methods and tech-

niques. 

(ii) Training policies and procedures. 
(iii) The fundamental principles of 

the learning process. 

(iv) Instructor duties, privileges, re-

sponsibilities, and limitations. 

(v) Proper operation of simulation 

controls and systems. 

(vi) Proper operation of environ-

mental control and warning or caution 
panels. 

(vii) Limitations of simulation. 
(viii) Minimum equipment require-

ments for each curriculum. 

(ix) Revisions to the training courses. 
(x) Cockpit resource management 

and crew coordination. 

(2) Satisfactorily complete a written 

test— 

(i) On the subjects specified in para-

graph (c)(1) of this section; and 

(ii) That is accepted by the Adminis-

trator as being of equivalent difficulty, 
complexity, and scope as the tests pro-
vided by the Administrator for the 

flight instructor airplane and instru-
ment flight instructor knowledge tests. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–2, 62 FR 68137, Dec. 30, 
1997] 

§ 142.49 Training center instructor and 

evaluator privileges and limita-

tions. 

(a) A certificate holder may allow an 

instructor to provide: 

(1) Instruction for each curriculum 

for which that instructor is qualified. 

(2) Testing and checking for which 

that instructor is qualified. 

(3) Instruction, testing, and checking 

intended to satisfy the requirements of 
any part of this chapter. 

(b) A training center whose instruc-

tor or evaluator is designated in ac-
cordance with the requirements of this 
subpart to conduct training, testing, or 
checking in qualified and approved 
flight training equipment, may allow 
its instructor or evaluator to give en-
dorsements required by part 61 of this 
chapter if that instructor or evaluator 
is authorized by the Administrator to 
instruct or evaluate in a part 142 cur-
riculum that requires such endorse-
ments. 

(c) A training center may not allow 

an instructor to— 

(1) Excluding briefings and 

debriefings, conduct more than 8 hours 
of instruction in any 24-consecutive- 
hour period; 

(2) Provide flight training equipment 

instruction unless that instructor 
meets the requirements of § 142.53 (a)(1) 
through (a)(4), and § 142.53(b), as appli-
cable; or 

(3) Provide flight instruction in an 

aircraft unless that instructor— 

(i) Meets the requirements of 

§ 142.53(a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(5); 

(ii) Is qualified and authorized in ac-

cordance with subpart H of part 61 of 
this chapter; 

(iii) Holds certificates and ratings 

specified by part 61 of this chapter ap-
propriate to the category, class, and 
type aircraft in which instructing; 

(iv) If instructing or evaluating in an 

aircraft in flight while serving as a re-
quired crewmember, holds at least a 
valid second class medical certificate; 
and 

649 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 142.53 

(v) Meets the recency of experience 

requirements of part 61 of this chapter. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–2, 62 FR 68137, Dec. 30, 
1997; Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 2013] 

§ 142.51 [Reserved] 

§ 142.53 Training center instructor 

training and testing requirements. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph 

(c) of this section, prior to designation 
and every 12 calendar months begin-
ning the first day of the month fol-
lowing an instructor’s initial designa-
tion, a certificate holder must ensure 
that each of its instructors meets the 
following requirements: 

(1) Each instructor must satisfac-

torily demonstrate to an authorized 
evaluator knowledge of, and pro-
ficiency in, instructing in a representa-
tive segment of each curriculum for 
which that instructor is designated to 
instruct under this part. 

(2) Each instructor must satisfac-

torily complete an approved course of 
ground instruction in at least— 

(i) The fundamental principles of the 

learning process; 

(ii) Elements of effective teaching, 

instruction methods, and techniques; 

(iii) Instructor duties, privileges, re-

sponsibilities, and limitations; 

(iv) Training policies and procedures; 
(v) Cockpit resource management 

and crew coordination; and 

(vi) Evaluation. 
(3) Each instructor who instructs in a 

qualified and approved flight simulator 
or flight training device must satisfac-
torily complete an approved course of 
training in the operation of the flight 
simulator, and an approved course of 
ground instruction, applicable to the 
training courses the instructor is des-
ignated to instruct. 

(4) The flight simulator training 

course required by paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section which must include— 

(i) Proper operation of flight simu-

lator and flight training device con-
trols and systems; 

(ii) Proper operation of environ-

mental and fault panels; 

(iii) Limitations of simulation; and 
(iv) Minimum equipment require-

ments for each curriculum. 

(5) Each flight instructor who pro-

vides training in an aircraft must sat-
isfactorily complete an approved 
course of ground instruction and flight 
training in an aircraft, flight simu-
lator, or flight training device. 

(6) The approved course of ground in-

struction and flight training required 
by paragraph (a)(5) of this section 
which must include instruction in— 

(i) Performance and analysis of flight 

training procedures and maneuvers ap-
plicable to the training courses that 
the instructor is designated to in-
struct; 

(ii) Technical subjects covering air-

craft subsystems and operating rules 
applicable to the training courses that 
the instructor is designated to in-
struct; 

(iii) Emergency operations; 
(iv) Emergency situations likely to 

develop during training; and 

(v) Appropriate safety measures. 
(7) Each instructor who instructs in 

qualified and approved flight training 
equipment must pass a written test 
and annual proficiency check— 

(i) In the flight training equipment in 

which the instructor will be instruct-
ing; and 

(ii) On the subject matter and ma-

neuvers of a representative segment of 
each curriculum for which the instruc-
tor will be instructing. 

(b) In addition to the requirements of 

paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(7) of this 
section, each certificate holder must 
ensure that each instructor who in-
structs in a flight simulator that the 
Administrator has approved for all 
training and all testing for the airline 
transport pilot certification test, air-
craft type rating test, or both, has met 
at least one of the following three re-
quirements: 

(1) Each instructor must have per-

formed 2 hours in flight, including 
three takeoffs and three landings as 
the sole manipulator of the controls of 
an aircraft of the same category and 
class, and, if a type rating is required, 
of the same type replicated by the ap-
proved flight simulator in which that 
instructor is designated to instruct; 

(2) Each instructor must have par-

ticipated in an approved line-observa-
tion program under part 121 or part 135 
of this chapter, and that—