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649 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 142.53 

(v) Meets the recency of experience 

requirements of part 61 of this chapter. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–2, 62 FR 68137, Dec. 30, 
1997; Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 2013] 

§ 142.51 [Reserved] 

§ 142.53 Training center instructor 

training and testing requirements. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph 

(c) of this section, prior to designation 
and every 12 calendar months begin-
ning the first day of the month fol-
lowing an instructor’s initial designa-
tion, a certificate holder must ensure 
that each of its instructors meets the 
following requirements: 

(1) Each instructor must satisfac-

torily demonstrate to an authorized 
evaluator knowledge of, and pro-
ficiency in, instructing in a representa-
tive segment of each curriculum for 
which that instructor is designated to 
instruct under this part. 

(2) Each instructor must satisfac-

torily complete an approved course of 
ground instruction in at least— 

(i) The fundamental principles of the 

learning process; 

(ii) Elements of effective teaching, 

instruction methods, and techniques; 

(iii) Instructor duties, privileges, re-

sponsibilities, and limitations; 

(iv) Training policies and procedures; 
(v) Cockpit resource management 

and crew coordination; and 

(vi) Evaluation. 
(3) Each instructor who instructs in a 

qualified and approved flight simulator 
or flight training device must satisfac-
torily complete an approved course of 
training in the operation of the flight 
simulator, and an approved course of 
ground instruction, applicable to the 
training courses the instructor is des-
ignated to instruct. 

(4) The flight simulator training 

course required by paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section which must include— 

(i) Proper operation of flight simu-

lator and flight training device con-
trols and systems; 

(ii) Proper operation of environ-

mental and fault panels; 

(iii) Limitations of simulation; and 
(iv) Minimum equipment require-

ments for each curriculum. 

(5) Each flight instructor who pro-

vides training in an aircraft must sat-
isfactorily complete an approved 
course of ground instruction and flight 
training in an aircraft, flight simu-
lator, or flight training device. 

(6) The approved course of ground in-

struction and flight training required 
by paragraph (a)(5) of this section 
which must include instruction in— 

(i) Performance and analysis of flight 

training procedures and maneuvers ap-
plicable to the training courses that 
the instructor is designated to in-
struct; 

(ii) Technical subjects covering air-

craft subsystems and operating rules 
applicable to the training courses that 
the instructor is designated to in-
struct; 

(iii) Emergency operations; 
(iv) Emergency situations likely to 

develop during training; and 

(v) Appropriate safety measures. 
(7) Each instructor who instructs in 

qualified and approved flight training 
equipment must pass a written test 
and annual proficiency check— 

(i) In the flight training equipment in 

which the instructor will be instruct-
ing; and 

(ii) On the subject matter and ma-

neuvers of a representative segment of 
each curriculum for which the instruc-
tor will be instructing. 

(b) In addition to the requirements of 

paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(7) of this 
section, each certificate holder must 
ensure that each instructor who in-
structs in a flight simulator that the 
Administrator has approved for all 
training and all testing for the airline 
transport pilot certification test, air-
craft type rating test, or both, has met 
at least one of the following three re-
quirements: 

(1) Each instructor must have per-

formed 2 hours in flight, including 
three takeoffs and three landings as 
the sole manipulator of the controls of 
an aircraft of the same category and 
class, and, if a type rating is required, 
of the same type replicated by the ap-
proved flight simulator in which that 
instructor is designated to instruct; 

(2) Each instructor must have par-

ticipated in an approved line-observa-
tion program under part 121 or part 135 
of this chapter, and that— 

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650 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 142.54 

(i) Was accomplished in the same air-

plane type as the airplane represented 
by the flight simulator in which that 
instructor is designated to instruct; 
and 

(ii) Included line-oriented flight 

training of at least 1 hour of flight dur-
ing which the instructor was the sole 
manipulator of the controls in a flight 
simulator that replicated the same 
type aircraft for which that instructor 
is designated to instruct; or 

(3) Each instructor must have par-

ticipated in an approved in-flight ob-
servation training course that— 

(i) Consisted of at least 2 hours of 

flight time in an airplane of the same 
type as the airplane replicated by the 
flight simulator in which the instruc-
tor is designated to instruct; and 

(ii) Included line-oriented flight 

training of at least 1 hour of flight dur-
ing which the instructor was the sole 
manipulator of the controls in a flight 
simulator that replicated the same 
type aircraft for which that instructor 
is designated to instruct. 

(c) An instructor who satisfactorily 

completes a curriculum required by 
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section in 
the calendar month before or after the 
month in which it is due is considered 
to have taken it in the month in which 
it was due for the purpose of computing 
when the next training is due. 

(d) The Administrator may give cred-

it for the requirements of paragraph (a) 
or (b) of this section to an instructor 
who has satisfactorily completed an in-
structor training course for a part 121 
or part 135 certificate holder if the Ad-
ministrator finds such a course equiva-
lent to the requirements of paragraph 
(a) or (b) of this section. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–1, 62 FR 13791, Mar. 21, 
1997] 

§ 142.54 Airline transport pilot certifi-

cation training program. 

No certificate holder may use a per-

son nor may any person serve as an in-
structor in a training program ap-
proved to meet the requirements of 
§ 61.156 of this chapter unless the in-
structor: 

(a) Holds an airline transport pilot 

certificate with an airplane category 
multiengine class rating; 

(b) Has at least 2 years of experience 

as a pilot in command in operations 
conducted under § 91.1053(a)(2)(i) or 
§ 135.243(a)(1) of this chapter, or as a 
pilot in command or second in com-
mand in any operation conducted 
under part 121 of this chapter; 

(c) Except for the holder of a flight 

instructor certificate, receives initial 
training on the following topics: 

(1) The fundamental principles of the 

learning process; 

(2) Elements of effective teaching, in-

struction methods, and techniques; 

(3) Instructor duties, privileges, re-

sponsibilities, and limitations; 

(4) Training policies and procedures; 

and 

(5) Evaluation. 
(d) If providing training in a flight 

simulation training device— 

(1) Holds an aircraft type rating for 

the aircraft represented by the flight 
simulation training device utilized in 
the training program and have received 
training and evaluation within the pre-
ceding 12 months from the certificate 
holder on the maneuvers that will be 
demonstrated in the flight simulation 
training device; and 

(2) Satisfies the requirements of 

§ 142.53(a)(4). 

(e) A certificate holder may not issue 

a graduation certificate to a student 
unless that student has completed all 
the curriculum requirements of the 
course. 

(f) A certificate holder must conduct 

evaluations to ensure that training 
techniques, procedures, and standards 
are acceptable to the Administrator. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2010–0100, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 
2013] 

§ 142.55 Training center evaluator re-

quirements. 

(a) Except as provided by paragraph 

(d) of this section, a training center 
must ensure that each person author-
ized as an evaluator— 

(1) Is approved by the Administrator; 
(2) Is in compliance with §§ 142.47, 

142.49, and 142.53 and applicable sec-
tions of part 183 of this chapter; and 

(3) Prior to designation, and except 

as provided in paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion, every 12-calendar-month period 
following initial designation, the cer-
tificate holder must ensure that the