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641 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 142.1 

(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a 

full stop (with each landing involving a 
flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport 
with an operating control tower. 

(d) 

For a combined private pilot certification 

and instrument rating course involving a pow-
ered-lift: 

Five hours of flying solo in a pow-

ered-lift on the appropriate areas of oper-
ation in paragraph (d)(4) of section 4 of this 
appendix that includes at least— 

(1) One solo cross-country flight of at least 

100 nautical miles with landings at a min-
imum of three points, and one segment of 
the flight consisting of a straight-line dis-
tance of at least 50 nautical miles between 
the takeoff and landing locations. 

(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a 

full stop (with each landing involving a 
flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport 
with an operating control tower. 

6. 

Stage checks and end-of-course tests. 

(a) Each student enrolled in a private pilot 

course must satisfactorily accomplish the 
stage checks and end-of-course tests in ac-
cordance with the school’s approved training 
course that consists of the approved areas of 
operation listed in paragraph (d) of section 4 
of this appendix that are appropriate to the 
aircraft category and class rating for which 
the course applies. 

(b) Each student must demonstrate satis-

factory proficiency prior to receiving an en-
dorsement to operate an aircraft in solo 
flight. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2008–0938, 76 FR 54108, Aug. 31, 
2011, as amended by Docket FAA–2015–1846, 
Amdt. 141–18, 81 FR 21462, Apr. 12, 2016] 

PART 142—TRAINING CENTERS 

Subpart A—General 

Sec. 
142.1

Applicability. 

142.3

Definitions. 

142.5

Certificate and training specifications 

required. 

142.7

Duration of a certificate. 

142.9

Deviations or waivers. 

142.11

Application for issuance or amend-

ment. 

142.13

Management and personnel require-

ments. 

142.14

Employment of former FAA employ-

ees. 

142.15

Facilities. 

142.17

Satellite training centers. 

142.21–142.25

[Reserved] 

142.27

Display of certificate. 

142.29

Inspections. 

142.31

Advertising limitations. 

142.33

Training agreements. 

Subpart B—Aircrew Curriculum and 

Syllabus Requirements 

142.35

Applicability. 

142.37

Approval of flight aircrew training 

program. 

142.39

Training program curriculum re-

quirements. 

Subpart C—Personnel and Flight Training 

Equipment Requirements 

142.45

Applicability. 

142.47

Training center instructor eligibility 

requirements. 

142.49

Training center instructor and eval-

uator privileges and limitations. 

142.51

[Reserved] 

142.53

Training center instructor training 

and testing requirements. 

142.54

Airline transport pilot certification 

training program. 

142.55

Training center evaluator require-

ments. 

142.57

Aircraft requirements. 

142.59

Flight simulators and flight training 

devices. 

Subpart D—Operating Rules 

142.61

Applicability. 

142.63

Privileges. 

142.65

Limitations. 

Subpart E—Recordkeeping 

142.71

Applicability. 

142.73

Recordkeeping requirements. 

Subpart F—Other Approved Courses 

142.81

Conduct of other approved courses. 

A

UTHORITY

: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 

40119, 44101, 44701–44703, 44705, 44707, 44709– 
44711, 45102–45103, 45301–45302. 

S

OURCE

: Docket No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 

2, 1996, unless otherwise noted. 

Subpart A—General 

§ 142.1 Applicability. 

(a) This subpart prescribes the re-

quirements governing the certification 
and operation of training centers. Ex-
cept as provided in paragraph (b) of 
this section, this part provides an al-
ternative means to accomplish train-
ing required by parts 61, 63, 65, 91, 121, 
125, 135, or 137 of this chapter. 

(b) Certification under this part is 

not required for training that is— 

(1) Approved under the provisions of 

parts 63, 91, 121, 127, 135, or 137 of this 
chapter; 

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642 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 142.3 

(2) Approved under subpart Y of part 

121 of this chapter, Advanced Qualifica-
tion Programs, for the authorization 
holder’s own employees; 

(3) Conducted under part 61 unless 

that part requires certification under 
this part; 

(4) Conducted by a part 121 certificate 

holder for another part 121 certificate 
holder; 

(5) Conducted by a part 135 certificate 

holder for another part 135 certificate 
holder; or 

(6) Conducted by a part 91 fractional 

ownership program manager for an-
other part 91 fractional ownership pro-
gram manager. 

(c) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b) of this section, after August 3, 1998, 
no person may conduct training, test-
ing, or checking in advanced flight 
training devices or flight simulators 
without, or in violation of, the certifi-
cate and training specifications re-
quired by this part. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–4, 66 FR 21067, Apr. 27, 
2001; Amdt. 142–5, 68 FR 54588, Sept. 17, 2003; 
Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 2013] 

§ 142.3 Definitions. 

As used in this part: 

Advanced Flight Training Device 

as 

used in this part, means a flight train-
ing device as defined in part 61 of this 
chapter that has a cockpit that accu-
rately replicates a specific make, 
model, and type aircraft cockpit, and 
handling characteristics that accu-
rately model the aircraft handling 
characteristics. 

Core Curriculum 

means a set of 

courses approved by the Administrator, 
for use by a training center and its sat-
ellite training centers. The core cur-
riculum consists of training which is 
required for certification. It does not 
include training for tasks and cir-
cumstances unique to a particular 
user. 

Course 

means— 

(1) A program of instruction to ob-

tain pilot certification, qualification, 
authorization, or currency; 

(2) A program of instruction to meet 

a specified number of requirements of a 
program for pilot training, certifi-
cation, qualification, authorization, or 
currency; or 

(3) A curriculum, or curriculum seg-

ment, as defined in subpart Y of part 
121 of this chapter. 

Courseware 

means instructional ma-

terial developed for each course or cur-
riculum, including lesson plans, flight 
event descriptions, computer software 
programs, audiovisual programs, work-
books, and handouts. 

Evaluator 

means a person employed 

by a training center certificate holder 
who performs tests for certification, 
added ratings, authorizations, and pro-
ficiency checks that are authorized by 
the certificate holder’s training speci-
fication, and who is authorized by the 
Administrator to administer such 
checks and tests. 

Flight training equipment 

means full 

flight simulators, as defined in § 1.1 of 
this chapter, flight training devices, as 
defined in § 1.1 of this chapter, and air-
craft. 

Instructor 

means a person employed 

by a training center and designated to 
provide instruction in accordance with 
subpart C of this part. 

Line-Operational Simulation 

means 

simulation conducted using oper-
ational-oriented flight scenarios that 
accurately replicate interaction among 
flightcrew members and between 
flightcrew members and dispatch fa-
cilities, other crewmembers, air traffic 
control, and ground operations. Line 
operational simulation simulations are 
conducted for training and evaluation 
purposes and include random, abnor-
mal, and emergency occurrences. Line 
operational simulation specifically in-
cludes line-oriented flight training, 
special purpose operational training, 
and line operational evaluation. 

Specialty Curriculum 

means a set of 

courses that is designed to satisfy a re-
quirement of the Federal Aviation Reg-
ulations and that is approved by the 
Administrator for use by a particular 
training center or satellite training 
center. The specialty curriculum in-
cludes training requirements unique to 
one or more training center clients. 

Training center 

means an organiza-

tion governed by the applicable re-
quirements of this part that provides 
training, testing, and checking under 
contract or other arrangement to air-
men subject to the requirements of this 
chapter. 

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643 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 142.11 

Training program 

consists of courses, 

courseware, facilities, flight training 
equipment, and personnel necessary to 
accomplish a specific training objec-
tive. It may include a core curriculum 
and a specialty curriculum. 

Training specifications 

means a docu-

ment issued to a training center cer-
tificate holder by the Administrator 
that prescribes that center’s training, 
checking, and testing authorizations 
and limitations, and specifies training 
program requirements. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–2, 62 FR 68137, Dec. 30, 
1997; Amdt. 142–7, 76 FR 54110, Aug. 31, 2011; 
Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 2013] 

§ 142.5 Certificate and training speci-

fications required. 

(a) No person may operate a certifi-

cated training center without, or in 
violation of, a training center certifi-
cate and training specifications issued 
under this part. 

(b) An applicant will be issued a 

training center certificate and training 
specifications with appropriate limita-
tions if the applicant shows that it has 
adequate facilities, equipment, per-
sonnel, and courseware required by 
§ 142.11 to conduct training approved 
under § 142.37. 

§ 142.7 Duration of a certificate. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b) of this section, a training center 
certificate issued under this part is ef-
fective until the certificate is surren-
dered or until the Administrator sus-
pends, revokes, or terminates it. 

(b) Unless sooner surrendered, sus-

pended, or revoked, a certificate issued 
under this part for a training center lo-
cated outside the United States expires 
at the end of the twelfth month after 
the month in which it is issued or re-
newed. 

(c) If the Administrator suspends, re-

vokes, or terminates a training center 
certificate, the holder of that certifi-
cate shall return the certificate to the 
Administrator within 5 working days 
after being notified that the certificate 
is suspended, revoked, or terminated. 

§ 142.9 Deviations or waivers. 

(a) The Administrator may issue de-

viations or waivers from any of the re-
quirements of this part. 

(b) A training center applicant re-

questing a deviation or waiver under 
this section must provide the Adminis-
trator with information acceptable to 
the Administrator that shows— 

(1) Justification for the deviation or 

waiver; and 

(2) That the deviation or waiver will 

not adversely affect the quality of in-
struction or evaluation. 

§ 142.11 Application for issuance or 

amendment. 

(a) An application for a training cen-

ter certificate and training specifica-
tions shall— 

(1) Be made on a form and in a man-

ner prescribed by the Administrator; 

(2) Be filed with the responsible 

Flight Standards office for the area in 
which the applicant’s principal busi-
ness office is located; and 

(3) Be made at least 120 calendar days 

before the beginning of any proposed 
training or 60 calendar days before ef-
fecting an amendment to any approved 
training, unless a shorter filing period 
is approved by the Administrator. 

(b) Each application for a training 

center certificate and training speci-
fication shall provide— 

(1) A statement showing that the 

minimum qualification requirements 
for each management position are met 
or exceeded; 

(2) A statement acknowledging that 

the applicant shall notify the Adminis-
trator within 10 working days of any 
change made in the assignment of per-
sons in the required management posi-
tions; 

(3) The proposed training authoriza-

tions and training specifications re-
quested by the applicant; 

(4) The proposed evaluation author-

ization; 

(5) A description of the flight train-

ing equipment that the applicant pro-
poses to use; 

(6) A description of the applicant’s 

training facilities, equipment, quali-
fications of personnel to be used, and 
proposed evaluation plans; 

(7) A training program curriculum, 

including syllabi, outlines, courseware, 

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644 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 142.11 

procedures, and documentation to sup-
port the items required in subpart B of 
this part, upon request by the Adminis-
trator; 

(8) A description of a recordkeeping 

system that will identify and document 
the details of training, qualification, 
and certification of students, instruc-
tors, and evaluators; 

(9) A description of quality control 

measures proposed; and 

(10) A method of demonstrating the 

applicant’s qualification and ability to 
provide training for a certificate or 
rating in fewer than the minimum 
hours prescribed in part 61 of this chap-
ter if the applicant proposes to do so. 

(c) The facilities and equipment de-

scribed in paragraph (b)(6) of this sec-
tion shall— 

(1) Be available for inspection and 

evaluation prior to approval; and 

(2) Be in place and operational at the 

location of the proposed training cen-
ter prior to issuance of a certificate 
under this part. 

(d) An applicant who meets the re-

quirements of this part and is approved 
by the Administrator is entitled to— 

(1) A training center certificate con-

taining all business names included on 
the application under which the certifi-
cate holder may conduct operations 
and the address of each business office 
used by the certificate holder; and 

(2) Training specifications, issued by 

the Administrator to the certificate 
holder, containing— 

(i) The type of training authorized, 

including approved courses; 

(ii) The category, class, and type of 

aircraft that may be used for training, 
testing, and checking; 

(iii) For each flight simulator or 

flight training device, the make, 
model, and series of airplane or the set 
of airplanes being simulated and the 
qualification level assigned, or the 
make, model, and series of rotorcraft, 
or set of rotorcraft being simulated and 
the qualification level assigned; 

(iv) For each flight simulator and 

flight training device subject to quali-
fication evaluation by the Adminis-
trator, the identification number as-
signed by the FAA; 

(v) The name and address of all sat-

ellite training centers, and the ap-

proved courses offered at each satellite 
training center; 

(vi) Authorized deviations or waivers 

from this part; and 

(vii) Any other items the Adminis-

trator may require or allow. 

(e) The Administrator may deny, sus-

pend, revoke, or terminate a certificate 
under this part if the Administrator 
finds that the applicant or the certifi-
cate holder— 

(1) Held a training center certificate 

that was revoked, suspended, or termi-
nated within the previous 5 years; or 

(2) Employs or proposes to employ a 

person who— 

(i) Was previously employed in a 

management or supervisory position by 
the holder of a training center certifi-
cate that was revoked, suspended, or 
terminated within the previous 5 years; 

(ii) Exercised control over any cer-

tificate holder whose certificate has 
been revoked, suspended, or terminated 
within the last 5 years; and 

(iii) Contributed materially to the 

revocation, suspension, or termination 
of that certificate and who will be em-
ployed in a management or supervisory 
position, or who will be in control of or 
have a substantial ownership interest 
in the training center. 

(3) Has provided incomplete, inac-

curate, fraudulent, or false information 
for a training center certificate; 

(4) Should not be granted a certifi-

cate if the grant would not foster avia-
tion safety. 

(f) At any time, the Administrator 

may amend a training center certifi-
cate— 

(1) On the Administrator’s own ini-

tiative, under section 609 of the Federal 
Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1429), as 
amended, and part 13 of this chapter; or 

(2) Upon timely application by the 

certificate holder. 

(g) The certificate holder must file 

an application to amend a training cen-
ter certificate at least 60 calendar days 
prior to the applicant’s proposed effec-
tive amendment date unless a different 
filing period is approved by the Admin-
istrator. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–1, 62 FR 13791, Mar. 21, 
1997; Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 142–10, 83 
FR 9176, Mar. 5, 2018] 

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645 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 142.15 

§ 142.13 Management and personnel 

requirements. 

An applicant for a training center 

certificate must show that— 

(a) For each proposed curriculum, the 

training center has, and shall main-
tain, a sufficient number of instructors 
who are qualified in accordance with 
subpart C of this part to perform the 
duties to which they are assigned; 

(b) The training center has des-

ignated, and shall maintain, a suffi-
cient number of approved evaluators to 
provide required checks and tests to 
graduation candidates within 7 cal-
endar days of training completion for 
any curriculum leading to airman cer-
tificates or ratings, or both; 

(c) The training center has, and shall 

maintain, a sufficient number of man-
agement personnel who are qualified 
and competent to perform required du-
ties; and 

(d) A management representative, 

and all personnel who are designated 
by the training center to conduct di-
rect student training, are able to un-
derstand, read, write, and fluently 
speak the English language. 

§ 142.14 Employment of former FAA 

employees. 

(a) Except as specified in paragraph 

(c) of this section, no holder of a train-
ing center certificate may knowingly 
employ or make a contractual arrange-
ment which permits an individual to 
act as an agent or representative of the 
certificate holder in any matter before 
the Federal Aviation Administration if 
the individual, in the preceding 2 
years— 

(1) Served as, or was directly respon-

sible for the oversight of, a Flight 
Standards Service aviation safety in-
spector; and 

(2) Had direct responsibility to in-

spect, or oversee the inspection of, the 
operations of the certificate holder. 

(b) For the purpose of this section, an 

individual shall be considered to be 
acting as an agent or representative of 
a certificate holder in a matter before 
the agency if the individual makes any 
written or oral communication on be-
half of the certificate holder to the 
agency (or any of its officers or em-
ployees) in connection with a par-
ticular matter, whether or not involv-

ing a specific party and without regard 
to whether the individual has partici-
pated in, or had responsibility for, the 
particular matter while serving as a 
Flight Standards Service aviation safe-
ty inspector. 

(c) The provisions of this section do 

not prohibit a holder of a training cen-
ter certificate from knowingly employ-
ing or making a contractual arrange-
ment which permits an individual to 
act as an agent or representative of the 
certificate holder in any matter before 
the Federal Aviation Administration if 
the individual was employed by the 
certificate holder before October 21, 
2011. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2008–1154, 76 FR 52237, Aug. 22, 
2011] 

§ 142.15 Facilities. 

(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a 

training center certificate shall ensure 
that— 

(1) Each room, training booth, or 

other space used for instructional pur-
poses is heated, lighted, and ventilated 
to conform to local building, sanita-
tion, and health codes; and 

(2) The facilities used for instruction 

are not routinely subject to significant 
distractions caused by flight oper-
ations and maintenance operations at 
the airport. 

(b) An applicant for, or holder of, a 

training center certificate shall estab-
lish and maintain a principal business 
office that is physically located at the 
address shown on its training center 
certificate. 

(c) The records required to be main-

tained by this part must be located in 
facilities adequate for that purpose. 

(d) An applicant for, or holder of, a 

training center certificate must have 
available exclusively, for adequate pe-
riods of time and at a location ap-
proved by the Administrator, adequate 
flight training equipment and 
courseware, including at least one 
flight simulator or advanced flight 
training device. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–3, 63 FR 53537, Oct. 5, 
1998] 

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 142.17 

§ 142.17 Satellite training centers. 

(a) The holder of a training center 

certificate may conduct training in ac-
cordance with an approved training 
program at a satellite training center 
if— 

(1) The facilities, equipment, per-

sonnel, and course content of the sat-
ellite training center meet the applica-
ble requirements of this part; 

(2) The instructors and evaluators at 

the satellite training center are under 
the direct supervision of management 
personnel of the principal training cen-
ter; 

(3) The Administrator is notified in 

writing that a particular satellite is to 
begin operations at least 60 days prior 
to proposed commencement of oper-
ations at the satellite training center; 
and 

(4) The certificate holder’s training 

specifications reflect the name and ad-
dress of the satellite training center 
and the approved courses offered at the 
satellite training center. 

(b) The certificate holder’s training 

specifications shall prescribe the oper-
ations required and authorized at each 
satellite training center. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–3, 63 FR 53537, Oct. 5, 
1998] 

§§ 142.21–142.25 [Reserved] 

§ 142.27 Display of certificate. 

(a) Each holder of a training center 

certificate must prominently display 
that certificate in a place accessible to 
the public in the principal business of-
fice of the training center. 

(b) A training center certificate and 

training specifications must be made 
available for inspection upon request 
by— 

(1) The Administrator; 
(2) An authorized representative of 

the National Transportation Safety 
Board; or 

(3) Any Federal, State, or local law 

enforcement agency. 

§ 142.29 Inspections. 

Each certificate holder must allow 

the Administrator to inspect training 
center facilities, equipment, and 
records at any reasonable time and in 
any reasonable place in order to deter-

mine compliance with or to determine 
initial or continuing eligibility under 
49 U.S.C. 44701, 44707, formerly the Fed-
eral Aviation Act of 1958, as amended, 
and the training center’s certificate 
and training specifications. 

§ 142.31 Advertising limitations. 

(a) A certificate holder may not con-

duct, and may not advertise to con-
duct, any training, testing, and check-
ing that is not approved by the Admin-
istrator if that training is designed to 
satisfy any requirement of this chap-
ter. 

(b) A certificate holder whose certifi-

cate has been surrendered, suspended, 
revoked, or terminated must— 

(1) Promptly remove all indications, 

including signs, wherever located, that 
the training center was certificated by 
the Administrator; and 

(2) Promptly notify all advertising 

agents, or advertising media, or both, 
employed by the certificate holder to 
cease all advertising indicating that 
the training center is certificated by 
the Administrator. 

§ 142.33 Training agreements. 

A pilot school certificated under part 

141 of this chapter may provide train-
ing, testing, and checking for a train-
ing center certificated under this part 
if— 

(a) There is a training, testing, and 

checking agreement between the cer-
tificated training center and the pilot 
school; 

(b) The training, testing, and check-

ing provided by the certificated pilot 
school is approved and conducted in ac-
cordance with this part; 

(c) The pilot school certificated 

under part 141 obtains the Administra-
tor’s approval for a training course 
outline that includes the portion of the 
training, testing, and checking to be 
conducted under part 141; and 

(d) Upon completion of training, test-

ing, and checking conducted under part 
141, a copy of each student’s training 
record is forwarded to the part 142 
training center and becomes part of the 
student’s permanent training record. 

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647 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 142.47 

Subpart B—Aircrew Curriculum 

and Syllabus Requirements 

§ 142.35 Applicability. 

This subpart prescribes the cur-

riculum and syllabus requirements for 
the issuance of a training center cer-
tificate and training specifications for 
training, testing, and checking con-
ducted to meet the requirements of 
part 61 of this chapter. 

§ 142.37 Approval of flight aircrew 

training program. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b) of this section, each applicant for, 
or holder of, a training center certifi-
cate must apply to the Administrator 
for training program approval. 

(b) A curriculum approved under 

SFAR 58 of part 121 of this chapter is 
approved under this part without modi-
fications. 

(c) Application for training program 

approval shall be made in a form and in 
a manner acceptable to the Adminis-
trator. 

(d) Each application for training pro-

gram approval must indicate— 

(1) Which courses are part of the core 

curriculum and which courses are part 
of the specialty curriculum; 

(2) Which requirements of part 61 of 

this chapter would be satisfied by the 
curriculum or curriculums; and 

(3) Which requirements of part 61 of 

this chapter would not be satisfied by 
the curriculum or curriculums. 

(e) If, after a certificate holder begins 

operations under an approved training 
program, the Administrator finds that 
the certificate holder is not meeting 
the provisions of its approved training 
program, the Administrator may re-
quire the certificate holder to make re-
visions to that training program. 

(f) If the Administrator requires a 

certificate holder to make revisions to 
an approved training program and the 
certificate holder does not make those 
required revisions, within 30 calendar 
days, the Administrator may suspend, 
revoke, or terminate the training cen-
ter certificate under the provisions of 
§ 142.11(e). 

§ 142.39 Training program curriculum 

requirements. 

Each training program curriculum 

submitted to the Administrator for ap-
proval must meet the applicable re-
quirements of this part and must con-
tain— 

(a) A syllabus for each proposed cur-

riculum; 

(b) Minimum aircraft and flight 

training equipment requirements for 
each proposed curriculum; 

(c) Minimum instructor and eval-

uator qualifications for each proposed 
curriculum; 

(d) A curriculum for initial training 

and continuing training of each in-
structor or evaluator employed to in-
struct in a proposed curriculum; and 

(e) For each curriculum that provides 

for the issuance of a certificate or rat-
ing in fewer than the minimum hours 
prescribed by part 61 of this chapter— 

(1) A means of demonstrating the 

ability to accomplish such training in 
the reduced number of hours; and 

(2) A means of tracking student per-

formance. 

Subpart C—Personnel and Flight 

Training Equipment Requirements 

§ 142.45 Applicability. 

This subpart prescribes the personnel 

and flight training equipment require-
ments for a certificate holder that is 
training to meet the requirements of 
part 61 of this chapter. 

§ 142.47 Training center instructor eli-

gibility requirements. 

(a) A certificate holder may not em-

ploy a person as an instructor in a 
flight training course that is subject to 
approval by the Administrator unless 
that person— 

(1) Is at least 18 years of age; 
(2) Is able to read, write, and speak 

and understand in the English lan-
guage; 

(3) If instructing in an aircraft in 

flight, is qualified in accordance with 
subpart H of part 61 of this chapter; 

(4) Satisfies the requirements of 

paragraph (c) of this section; and 

(5) Meets at least one of the following 

requirements— 

(i) Except as allowed by paragraph 

(a)(5)(ii) of this section, meets the 

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648 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 142.49 

aeronautical experience requirements 
of § 61.129 (a), (b), (c), or (e) of this chap-
ter, as applicable, excluding the re-
quired hours of instruction in prepara-
tion for the commercial pilot practical 
test; 

(ii) If instructing in flight simulator 

or flight training device that rep-
resents an airplane requiring a type 
rating or if instructing in a curriculum 
leading to the issuance of an airline 
transport pilot certificate or an added 
rating to an airline transport pilot cer-
tificate, meets the aeronautical experi-
ence requirements of § 61.159, § 61.161, or 
§ 61.163 of this chapter, as applicable; or 

(iii) Is employed as a flight simulator 

instructor or a flight training device 
instructor for a training center pro-
viding instruction and testing to meet 
the requirements of part 61 of this 
chapter on August 1, 1996. 

(b) A training center must designate 

each instructor in writing to instruct 
in each approved course, prior to that 
person functioning as an instructor in 
that course. 

(c) Prior to initial designation, each 

instructor shall: 

(1) Complete at least 8 hours of 

ground training on the following sub-
ject matter: 

(i) Instruction methods and tech-

niques. 

(ii) Training policies and procedures. 
(iii) The fundamental principles of 

the learning process. 

(iv) Instructor duties, privileges, re-

sponsibilities, and limitations. 

(v) Proper operation of simulation 

controls and systems. 

(vi) Proper operation of environ-

mental control and warning or caution 
panels. 

(vii) Limitations of simulation. 
(viii) Minimum equipment require-

ments for each curriculum. 

(ix) Revisions to the training courses. 
(x) Cockpit resource management 

and crew coordination. 

(2) Satisfactorily complete a written 

test— 

(i) On the subjects specified in para-

graph (c)(1) of this section; and 

(ii) That is accepted by the Adminis-

trator as being of equivalent difficulty, 
complexity, and scope as the tests pro-
vided by the Administrator for the 

flight instructor airplane and instru-
ment flight instructor knowledge tests. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–2, 62 FR 68137, Dec. 30, 
1997] 

§ 142.49 Training center instructor and 

evaluator privileges and limita-

tions. 

(a) A certificate holder may allow an 

instructor to provide: 

(1) Instruction for each curriculum 

for which that instructor is qualified. 

(2) Testing and checking for which 

that instructor is qualified. 

(3) Instruction, testing, and checking 

intended to satisfy the requirements of 
any part of this chapter. 

(b) A training center whose instruc-

tor or evaluator is designated in ac-
cordance with the requirements of this 
subpart to conduct training, testing, or 
checking in qualified and approved 
flight training equipment, may allow 
its instructor or evaluator to give en-
dorsements required by part 61 of this 
chapter if that instructor or evaluator 
is authorized by the Administrator to 
instruct or evaluate in a part 142 cur-
riculum that requires such endorse-
ments. 

(c) A training center may not allow 

an instructor to— 

(1) Excluding briefings and 

debriefings, conduct more than 8 hours 
of instruction in any 24-consecutive- 
hour period; 

(2) Provide flight training equipment 

instruction unless that instructor 
meets the requirements of § 142.53 (a)(1) 
through (a)(4), and § 142.53(b), as appli-
cable; or 

(3) Provide flight instruction in an 

aircraft unless that instructor— 

(i) Meets the requirements of 

§ 142.53(a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(5); 

(ii) Is qualified and authorized in ac-

cordance with subpart H of part 61 of 
this chapter; 

(iii) Holds certificates and ratings 

specified by part 61 of this chapter ap-
propriate to the category, class, and 
type aircraft in which instructing; 

(iv) If instructing or evaluating in an 

aircraft in flight while serving as a re-
quired crewmember, holds at least a 
valid second class medical certificate; 
and 

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649 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 142.53 

(v) Meets the recency of experience 

requirements of part 61 of this chapter. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–2, 62 FR 68137, Dec. 30, 
1997; Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 2013] 

§ 142.51 [Reserved] 

§ 142.53 Training center instructor 

training and testing requirements. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph 

(c) of this section, prior to designation 
and every 12 calendar months begin-
ning the first day of the month fol-
lowing an instructor’s initial designa-
tion, a certificate holder must ensure 
that each of its instructors meets the 
following requirements: 

(1) Each instructor must satisfac-

torily demonstrate to an authorized 
evaluator knowledge of, and pro-
ficiency in, instructing in a representa-
tive segment of each curriculum for 
which that instructor is designated to 
instruct under this part. 

(2) Each instructor must satisfac-

torily complete an approved course of 
ground instruction in at least— 

(i) The fundamental principles of the 

learning process; 

(ii) Elements of effective teaching, 

instruction methods, and techniques; 

(iii) Instructor duties, privileges, re-

sponsibilities, and limitations; 

(iv) Training policies and procedures; 
(v) Cockpit resource management 

and crew coordination; and 

(vi) Evaluation. 
(3) Each instructor who instructs in a 

qualified and approved flight simulator 
or flight training device must satisfac-
torily complete an approved course of 
training in the operation of the flight 
simulator, and an approved course of 
ground instruction, applicable to the 
training courses the instructor is des-
ignated to instruct. 

(4) The flight simulator training 

course required by paragraph (a)(3) of 
this section which must include— 

(i) Proper operation of flight simu-

lator and flight training device con-
trols and systems; 

(ii) Proper operation of environ-

mental and fault panels; 

(iii) Limitations of simulation; and 
(iv) Minimum equipment require-

ments for each curriculum. 

(5) Each flight instructor who pro-

vides training in an aircraft must sat-
isfactorily complete an approved 
course of ground instruction and flight 
training in an aircraft, flight simu-
lator, or flight training device. 

(6) The approved course of ground in-

struction and flight training required 
by paragraph (a)(5) of this section 
which must include instruction in— 

(i) Performance and analysis of flight 

training procedures and maneuvers ap-
plicable to the training courses that 
the instructor is designated to in-
struct; 

(ii) Technical subjects covering air-

craft subsystems and operating rules 
applicable to the training courses that 
the instructor is designated to in-
struct; 

(iii) Emergency operations; 
(iv) Emergency situations likely to 

develop during training; and 

(v) Appropriate safety measures. 
(7) Each instructor who instructs in 

qualified and approved flight training 
equipment must pass a written test 
and annual proficiency check— 

(i) In the flight training equipment in 

which the instructor will be instruct-
ing; and 

(ii) On the subject matter and ma-

neuvers of a representative segment of 
each curriculum for which the instruc-
tor will be instructing. 

(b) In addition to the requirements of 

paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(7) of this 
section, each certificate holder must 
ensure that each instructor who in-
structs in a flight simulator that the 
Administrator has approved for all 
training and all testing for the airline 
transport pilot certification test, air-
craft type rating test, or both, has met 
at least one of the following three re-
quirements: 

(1) Each instructor must have per-

formed 2 hours in flight, including 
three takeoffs and three landings as 
the sole manipulator of the controls of 
an aircraft of the same category and 
class, and, if a type rating is required, 
of the same type replicated by the ap-
proved flight simulator in which that 
instructor is designated to instruct; 

(2) Each instructor must have par-

ticipated in an approved line-observa-
tion program under part 121 or part 135 
of this chapter, and that— 

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650 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 142.54 

(i) Was accomplished in the same air-

plane type as the airplane represented 
by the flight simulator in which that 
instructor is designated to instruct; 
and 

(ii) Included line-oriented flight 

training of at least 1 hour of flight dur-
ing which the instructor was the sole 
manipulator of the controls in a flight 
simulator that replicated the same 
type aircraft for which that instructor 
is designated to instruct; or 

(3) Each instructor must have par-

ticipated in an approved in-flight ob-
servation training course that— 

(i) Consisted of at least 2 hours of 

flight time in an airplane of the same 
type as the airplane replicated by the 
flight simulator in which the instruc-
tor is designated to instruct; and 

(ii) Included line-oriented flight 

training of at least 1 hour of flight dur-
ing which the instructor was the sole 
manipulator of the controls in a flight 
simulator that replicated the same 
type aircraft for which that instructor 
is designated to instruct. 

(c) An instructor who satisfactorily 

completes a curriculum required by 
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section in 
the calendar month before or after the 
month in which it is due is considered 
to have taken it in the month in which 
it was due for the purpose of computing 
when the next training is due. 

(d) The Administrator may give cred-

it for the requirements of paragraph (a) 
or (b) of this section to an instructor 
who has satisfactorily completed an in-
structor training course for a part 121 
or part 135 certificate holder if the Ad-
ministrator finds such a course equiva-
lent to the requirements of paragraph 
(a) or (b) of this section. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–1, 62 FR 13791, Mar. 21, 
1997] 

§ 142.54 Airline transport pilot certifi-

cation training program. 

No certificate holder may use a per-

son nor may any person serve as an in-
structor in a training program ap-
proved to meet the requirements of 
§ 61.156 of this chapter unless the in-
structor: 

(a) Holds an airline transport pilot 

certificate with an airplane category 
multiengine class rating; 

(b) Has at least 2 years of experience 

as a pilot in command in operations 
conducted under § 91.1053(a)(2)(i) or 
§ 135.243(a)(1) of this chapter, or as a 
pilot in command or second in com-
mand in any operation conducted 
under part 121 of this chapter; 

(c) Except for the holder of a flight 

instructor certificate, receives initial 
training on the following topics: 

(1) The fundamental principles of the 

learning process; 

(2) Elements of effective teaching, in-

struction methods, and techniques; 

(3) Instructor duties, privileges, re-

sponsibilities, and limitations; 

(4) Training policies and procedures; 

and 

(5) Evaluation. 
(d) If providing training in a flight 

simulation training device— 

(1) Holds an aircraft type rating for 

the aircraft represented by the flight 
simulation training device utilized in 
the training program and have received 
training and evaluation within the pre-
ceding 12 months from the certificate 
holder on the maneuvers that will be 
demonstrated in the flight simulation 
training device; and 

(2) Satisfies the requirements of 

§ 142.53(a)(4). 

(e) A certificate holder may not issue 

a graduation certificate to a student 
unless that student has completed all 
the curriculum requirements of the 
course. 

(f) A certificate holder must conduct 

evaluations to ensure that training 
techniques, procedures, and standards 
are acceptable to the Administrator. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2010–0100, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 
2013] 

§ 142.55 Training center evaluator re-

quirements. 

(a) Except as provided by paragraph 

(d) of this section, a training center 
must ensure that each person author-
ized as an evaluator— 

(1) Is approved by the Administrator; 
(2) Is in compliance with §§ 142.47, 

142.49, and 142.53 and applicable sec-
tions of part 183 of this chapter; and 

(3) Prior to designation, and except 

as provided in paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion, every 12-calendar-month period 
following initial designation, the cer-
tificate holder must ensure that the 

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651 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 142.59 

evaluator satisfactorily completes a 
curriculum that includes the following: 

(i) Evaluator duties, functions, and 

responsibilities; 

(ii) Methods, procedures, and tech-

niques for conducting required tests 
and checks; 

(iii) Evaluation of pilot performance; 

and 

(iv) Management of unsatisfactory 

tests and subsequent corrective action; 
and 

(4) If evaluating in qualified and ap-

proved flight training equipment must 
satisfactorily pass a written test and 
annual proficiency check in a flight 
simulator or aircraft in which the eval-
uator will be evaluating. 

(b) An evaluator who satisfactorily 

completes a curriculum required by 
paragraph (a) of this section in the cal-
endar month before or the calendar 
month after the month in which it is 
due is considered to have taken it in 
the month is which it was due for the 
purpose of computing when the next 
training is due. 

(c) The Administrator may give cred-

it for the requirements of paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section to an evaluator 
who has satisfactorily completed an 
evaluator training course for a part 121 
or part 135 certificate holder if the Ad-
ministrator finds such a course equiva-
lent to the requirements of paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section. 

(d) An evaluator who is qualified 

under subpart Y of part 121 of this 
chapter shall be authorized to conduct 
evaluations under the Advanced Quali-
fication Program without complying 
with the requirements of this section. 

[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 
2013] 

§ 142.57 Aircraft requirements. 

(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a 

training center certificate must ensure 
that each aircraft used for flight in-
struction and solo flights meets the 
following requirements: 

(1) Except for flight instruction and 

solo flights in a curriculum for agricul-
tural aircraft operations, external load 
operations, and similar aerial work op-
erations, the aircraft must have an 
FAA standard airworthiness certificate 
or a foreign equivalent of an FAA 

standard airworthiness certificate, ac-
ceptable to the Administrator. 

(2) The aircraft must be maintained 

and inspected in accordance with— 

(i) The requirements of part 91, sub-

part E, of this chapter; and 

(ii) An approved program for mainte-

nance and inspection. 

(3) The aircraft must be equipped as 

provided in the training specifications 
for the approved course for which it is 
used. 

(b) Except as provided in paragraph 

(c) of this section, an applicant for, or 
holder of, a training center certificate 
must ensure that each aircraft used for 
flight instruction is at least a two- 
place aircraft with engine power con-
trols and flight controls that are easily 
reached and that operate in a conven-
tional manner from both pilot stations. 

(c) Airplanes with controls such as 

nose-wheel steering, switches, fuel se-
lectors, and engine air flow controls 
that are not easily reached and oper-
ated in a conventional manner by both 
pilots may be used for flight instruc-
tion if the certificate holder deter-
mines that the flight instruction can 
be conducted in a safe manner consid-
ering the location of controls and their 
nonconventional operation, or both. 

§ 142.59 Flight simulators and flight 

training devices. 

(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a 

training center certificate must show 
that each flight simulator and flight 
training device used for training, test-
ing, and checking (except AQP) will be 
or is specifically qualified and ap-
proved by the Administrator for— 

(1) Each maneuver and procedure for 

the make, model, and series of aircraft, 
set of aircraft, or aircraft type simu-
lated, as applicable; and 

(2) Each curriculum or training 

course in which the flight simulator or 
flight training device is used, if that 
curriculum or course is used to satisfy 
any requirement of 14 CFR chapter I. 

(b) The approval required by para-

graph (a)(2) of this section must in-
clude— 

(1) The set of aircraft, or type air-

craft; 

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652 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 142.61 

(2) If applicable, the particular vari-

ation within type, for which the train-
ing, testing, or checking is being con-
ducted; and 

(3) The particular maneuver, proce-

dure, or crewmember function to be 
performed. 

(c) Each qualified and approved flight 

simulator or flight training device used 
by a training center must— 

(1) Be maintained to ensure the reli-

ability of the performances, functions, 
and all other characteristics that were 
required for qualification; 

(2) Be modified to conform with any 

modification to the aircraft being sim-
ulated if the modification results in 
changes to performance, function, or 
other characteristics required for qual-
ification; 

(3) Be given a functional preflight 

check each day before being used; and 

(4) Have a discrepancy log in which 

the instructor or evaluator, at the end 
of each training session, enters each 
discrepancy. 

(d) Unless otherwise authorized by 

the Administrator, each component on 
a qualified and approved flight simu-
lator or flight training device used by a 
training center must be operative if 
the component is essential to, or in-
volved in, the training, testing, or 
checking of airmen. 

(e) Training centers shall not be re-

stricted to specific— 

(1) Route segments during line-ori-

ented flight training scenarios; and 

(2) Visual data bases replicating a 

specific customer’s bases of operation. 

(f) Training centers may request 

evaluation, qualification, and con-
tinuing evaluation for qualification of 
flight simulators and flight training 
devices without— 

(1) Holding an air carrier certificate; 

or 

(2) Having a specific relationship to 

an air carrier certificate holder. 

Subpart D—Operating Rules 

§ 142.61 Applicability. 

This subpart prescribes the operating 

rules applicable to a training center 
certificated under this part and oper-
ating a course or training program cur-
riculum approved in accordance with 
subpart B of this part. 

§ 142.63 Privileges. 

A certificate holder may allow flight 

simulator instructors and evaluators 
to meet recency of experience require-
ments through the use of a qualified 
and approved flight simulator or quali-
fied and approved flight training device 
if that flight simulator or flight train-
ing device is— 

(a) Used in a course approved in ac-

cordance with subpart B of this part; or 

(b) Approved under the Advanced 

Qualification Program for meeting 
recency of experience requirements. 

§ 142.65 Limitations. 

(a) A certificate holder shall— 
(1) Ensure that a flight simulator or 

flight training device freeze, slow mo-
tion, or repositioning feature is not 
used during testing or checking; and 

(2) Ensure that a repositioning fea-

ture is used during line operational 
simulation for evaluation and line-ori-
ented flight training only to advance 
along a flight route to the point where 
the descent and approach phase of the 
flight begins. 

(b) When flight testing, flight check-

ing, or line operational simulation is 
being conducted, the certificate holder 
must ensure that one of the following 
occupies each crewmember position: 

(1) A crewmember qualified in the 

aircraft category, class, and type, if a 
type rating is required, provided that 
no flight instructor who is giving in-
struction may occupy a crewmember 
position. 

(2) A student, provided that no stu-

dent may be used in a crewmember po-
sition with any other student not in 
the same specific course. 

(c) The holder of a training center 

certificate may not recommend a 
trainee for a certificate or rating, un-
less the trainee— 

(1) Has satisfactorily completed the 

training specified in the course ap-
proved under § 142.37; and 

(2) Has passed the final tests required 

by § 142.37. 

(d) The holder of a training center 

certificate may not graduate a student 
from a course unless the student has 
satisfactorily completed the cur-
riculum requirements of that course. 

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653 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

Pt. 145 

Subpart E—Recordkeeping 

§ 142.71 Applicability. 

This subpart prescribes the training 

center recordkeeping requirements for 
trainees enrolled in a course, and in-
structors and evaluators designated to 
instruct a course, approved in accord-
ance with subpart B of this part. 

§ 142.73 Recordkeeping requirements. 

(a) A certificate holder must main-

tain a record for each trainee that con-
tains— 

(1) The name of the trainee; 
(2) A copy of the trainee’s pilot cer-

tificate, if any, and medical certificate; 

(3) The name of the course and the 

make and model of flight training 
equipment used; 

(4) The trainee’s prerequisite experi-

ence and course time completed; 

(5) The trainee’s performance on each 

lesson and the name of the instructor 
providing instruction; 

(6) The date and result of each end-of- 

course practical test and the name of 
the evaluator conducting the test; and 

(7) The number of hours of additional 

training that was accomplished after 
any unsatisfactory practical test. 

(b) A certificate holder shall main-

tain a record for each instructor or 
evaluator designated to instruct a 
course approved in accordance with 
subpart B of this part that indicates 
that the instructor or evaluator has 
complied with the requirements of 
§§ 142.13, 142.45, 142.47, 142.49, and 142.53, 
as applicable. 

(c) The certificate holder shall— 
(1) Maintain the records required by 

paragraphs (a) of this section for at 
least 1 year following the completion 
of training, testing or checking; 

(2) Maintain the qualification records 

required by paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion while the instructor or evaluator 
is in the employ of the certificate hold-
er and for 1 year thereafter; and 

(3) Maintain the recurrent dem-

onstration of proficiency records re-
quired by paragraph (b) of this section 
for at least 1 year. 

(d) The certificate holder must pro-

vide the records required by this sec-
tion to the Administrator, upon re-
quest and at a reasonable time, and 
shall keep the records required by— 

(1) Paragraph (a) of this section at 

the training center, or satellite train-
ing center where the training, testing, 
or checking, if appropriate, occurred; 
and 

(2) Paragraph (b) of this section at 

the training center or satellite training 
center where the instructor or eval-
uator is primarily employed. 

(e) The certificate holder shall pro-

vide to a trainee, upon request and at a 
reasonable time, a copy of his or her 
training records. 

Subpart F—Other Approved 

Courses 

§ 142.81 Conduct of other approved 

courses. 

(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a 

training center certificate may apply 
for approval to conduct a course for 
which a curriculum is not prescribed 
by this part. 

(b) The course for which application 

is made under paragraph (a) of this sec-
tion may be for flight crewmembers 
other than pilots, airmen other than 
flight crewmembers, material handlers, 
ground servicing personnel, and secu-
rity personnel, and others approved by 
the Administrator. 

(c) An applicant for course approval 

under this subpart must comply with 
the applicable requirements of subpart 
A through subpart F of this part. 

(d) The Administrator approves the 

course for which the application is 
made if the training center or training 
center applicant shows that the course 
contains a curriculum that will achieve 
a level of competency equal to, or 
greater than, that required by the ap-
propriate part of this chapter. 

PART 143 

[

RESERVED

PART 145—REPAIR STATIONS 

Subpart A—General 

Sec. 
145.1

Applicability. 

145.3

Definition of terms. 

145.5

Certificate and operations specifica-

tions requirements. 

145.12

Repair station records: Falsification, 

reproduction, alteration, or omission.