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143 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 21.35 

classes of aircraft defined in § 21.17(b); 
and 

(d) For primary category aircraft, if 

desired, a special inspection and pre-
ventive maintenance program designed 
to be accomplished by an appropriately 
rated and trained pilot-owner. 

(e) Any other data necessary to 

allow, by comparison, the determina-
tion of the airworthiness, noise charac-
teristics, fuel venting, and exhaust 
emissions (where applicable) of later 
products of the same type. 

[Doc. No. 5085, 29 FR 14564, Oct. 24, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 21–27, 34 FR 18363, Nov. 18, 
1969; Amdt. 21–51, 45 FR 60170, Sept. 11, 1980; 
Amdt. 21–60, 52 FR 8042, Mar. 13, 1987; Amdt. 
21–68, 55 FR 32860, Aug. 10, 1990; Amdt. 21–70, 
57 FR 41368, Sept. 9, 1992; Amdt. 21–90, 72 FR 
63404, Nov. 8, 2007] 

§ 21.33

Inspection and tests. 

(a) Each applicant must allow the 

FAA to make any inspection and any 
flight and ground test necessary to de-
termine compliance with the applica-
ble requirements of this subchapter. 
However, unless otherwise authorized 
by the FAA— 

(1) No aircraft, aircraft engine, pro-

peller, or part thereof may be pre-
sented to the FAA for test unless com-
pliance with paragraphs (b)(2) through 
(b)(4) of this section has been shown for 
that aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, 
or part thereof; and 

(2) No change may be made to an air-

craft, aircraft engine, propeller, or part 
thereof between the time that compli-
ance with paragraphs (b)(2) through 
(b)(4) of this section is shown for that 
aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, or 
part thereof and the time that it is pre-
sented to the FAA for test. 

(b) Each applicant must make all in-

spections and tests necessary to deter-
mine— 

(1) Compliance with the applicable 

airworthiness, aircraft noise, fuel vent-
ing, and exhaust emission require-
ments; 

(2) That materials and products con-

form to the specifications in the type 
design; 

(3) That parts of the products con-

form to the drawings in the type de-
sign; and 

(4) That the manufacturing proc-

esses, construction and assembly con-

form to those specified in the type de-
sign. 

[Doc. No. 5085, 29 FR 14564, Oct. 24, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 21–17, 32 FR 14926, Oct. 28, 
1967; Amdt. 21–27, 34 FR 18363, Nov. 18, 1969; 
Amdt. 21–44, 41 FR 55463, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 
21–68, 55 FR 32860, Aug. 10, 1990; Amdt. 21–68, 
55 FR 32860, Aug. 10, 1990; Amdt. 21–92, 74 FR 
53386, Oct. 16, 2009] 

§ 21.35

Flight tests. 

(a) Each applicant for an aircraft 

type certificate (other than under 
§§ 21.24 through 21.29) must make the 
tests listed in paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion. Before making the tests the appli-
cant must show— 

(1) Compliance with the applicable 

structural requirements of this sub-
chapter; 

(2) Completion of necessary ground 

inspections and tests; 

(3) That the aircraft conforms with 

the type design; and 

(4) That the FAA received a flight 

test report from the applicant (signed, 
in the case of aircraft to be certificated 
under Part 25 [New] of this chapter, by 
the applicant’s test pilot) containing 
the results of his tests. 

(b) Upon showing compliance with 

paragraph (a) of this section, the appli-
cant must make all flight tests that 
the FAA finds necessary— 

(1) To determine compliance with the 

applicable requirements of this sub-
chapter; and 

(2) For aircraft to be certificated 

under this subchapter, except gliders 
and low-speed, certification level 1 or 2 
airplanes, as defined in part 23 of this 
chapter, to determine whether there is 
reasonable assurance that the aircraft, 
its components, and its equipment are 
reliable and function properly. 

(c) Each applicant must, if prac-

ticable, make the tests prescribed in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section upon 
the aircraft that was used to show 
compliance with— 

(1) Paragraph (b)(1) of this section; 

and 

(2) For rotorcraft, the rotor drive en-

durance tests prescribed in § 27.923 or 
§ 29.923 of this chapter, as applicable. 

(d) Each applicant must show for 

each flight test (except in a glider or a 
manned free balloon) that adequate 
provision is made for the flight test 

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144 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 21.37 

crew for emergency egress and the use 
of parachutes. 

(e) Except in gliders and manned free 

balloons, an applicant must dis-
continue flight tests under this section 
until he shows that corrective action 
has been taken, whenever— 

(1) The applicant’s test pilot is un-

able or unwilling to make any of the 
required flight tests; or 

(2) Items of noncompliance with re-

quirements are found that may make 
additional test data meaningless or 
that would make further testing un-
duly hazardous. 

(f) The flight tests prescribed in para-

graph (b)(2) of this section must in-
clude— 

(1) For aircraft incorporating turbine 

engines of a type not previously used in 
a type certificated aircraft, at least 300 
hours of operation with a full com-
plement of engines that conform to a 
type certificate; and 

(2) For all other aircraft, at least 150 

hours of operation. 

[Doc. No. 5085, 29 FR 14564, Oct. 24, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 21–40, 39 FR 35459, Oct. 1, 
1974; Amdt. 21–51, 45 FR 60170, Sept. 11, 1980; 
Amdt. 21–70, 57 FR 41368, Sept. 9, 1992; Amdt. 
21–95, 76 FR 64233, Oct. 18, 2011; Doc. No. 
FAA–2015–1621, Amdt. 21–100, 81 FR 96689, 
Dec. 30, 2016] 

§ 21.37

Flight test pilot. 

Each applicant for a normal, utility, 

acrobatic, commuter, or transport cat-
egory aircraft type certificate must 
provide a person holding an appro-
priate pilot certificate to make the 
flight tests required by this part. 

[Doc. No. 5085, 29 FR 14564, Oct. 24, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 21–59, 52 FR 1835, Jan. 15, 
1987] 

§ 21.39

Flight test instrument calibra-

tion and correction report. 

(a) Each applicant for a normal, util-

ity, acrobatic, commuter, or transport 
category aircraft type certificate must 
submit a report to the FAA showing 
the computations and tests required in 
connection with the calibration of in-
struments used for test purposes and in 
the correction of test results to stand-
ard atmospheric conditions. 

(b) Each applicant must allow the 

FAA to conduct any flight tests that 
he finds necessary to check the accu-

racy of the report submitted under 
paragraph (a) of this section. 

[Doc. No. 5085, 29 FR 14564, Oct. 24, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 21–59, 52 FR 1835, Jan. 15, 
1987] 

§ 21.41

Type certificate. 

Each type certificate is considered to 

include the type design, the operating 
limitations, the certificate data sheet, 
the applicable regulations of this sub-
chapter with which the FAA records 
compliance, and any other conditions 
or limitations prescribed for the prod-
uct in this subchapter. 

§ 21.43

Location of manufacturing fa-

cilities. 

Except as provided in § 21.29, the FAA 

does not issue a type certificate if the 
manufacturing facilities for the prod-
uct are located outside of the United 
States, unless the FAA finds that the 
location of the manufacturer’s facili-
ties places no undue burden on the 
FAA in administering applicable air-
worthiness requirements. 

§ 21.45

Privileges. 

The holder or licensee of a type cer-

tificate for a product may— 

(a) In the case of aircraft, upon com-

pliance with §§ 21.173 through 21.189, ob-
tain airworthiness certificates; 

(b) In the case of aircraft engines or 

propellers, obtain approval for installa-
tion on certificated aircraft; 

(c) In the case of any product, upon 

compliance with subpart G of this part, 
obtain a production certificate for the 
type certificated product; 

(d) Obtain approval of replacement 

parts for that product. 

[Doc. No. 5085, 29 FR 14564, Oct. 24, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 21–92, 74 FR 53386, Oct. 16, 
2009] 

§ 21.47

Transferability. 

(a) A holder of a type certificate may 

transfer it or make it available to 
other persons by licensing agreements. 

(b) For a type certificate transfer in 

which the State of Design will remain 
the same, each transferor must, before 
such a transfer, notify the FAA in writ-
ing. This notification must include the 
applicable type certificate number, the 

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