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174 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 21.618 

as FAA approved with the manufactur-
er’s part number and name, trademark, 
symbol, or other FAA approved manu-
facturer’s identification; 

(f) Have access to design data nec-

essary to determine conformity and 
airworthiness for each article produced 
under the TSO authorization. The man-
ufacturer must retain this data until it 
no longer manufactures the article. At 
that time, copies of the data must be 
sent to the FAA; 

(g) Retain its TSO authorization and 

make it available to the FAA upon re-
quest; and 

(h) Make available to the FAA infor-

mation regarding all delegation of au-
thority to suppliers. 

§ 21.618

Approval for deviation. 

(a) Each manufacturer who requests 

approval to deviate from any perform-
ance standard of a TSO must show that 
factors or design features providing an 
equivalent level of safety compensate 
for the standards from which a devi-
ation is requested. 

(b) The manufacturer must send re-

quests for approval to deviate, together 
with all pertinent data, to the FAA. If 
the article is manufactured under the 
authority of a foreign country or juris-
diction, the manufacturer must send 
requests for approval to deviate, to-
gether with all pertinent data, through 
the civil aviation authority of that 
country or jurisdiction to the FAA. 

[Docket No. FAA–2006–25877, Amdt. 21–92, 74 
FR 53392, Oct. 16, 2009, as amended by Doc. 
No. FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 21–101, 83 FR 9169, 
Mar. 5, 2018] 

§ 21.619

Design changes. 

(a) 

Minor changes by the manufacturer 

holding a TSO authorization. The manu-
facturer of an article under an author-
ization issued under this part may 
make minor design changes (any 
change other than a major change) 
without further approval by the FAA. 
In this case, the changed article keeps 
the original model number (part num-
bers may be used to identify minor 
changes) and the manufacturer must 
forward to the FAA, any revised data 
that are necessary for compliance with 
§ 21.603(a). 

(b) 

Major changes by the manufacturer 

holding a TSO authorization. Any design 

change by the manufacturer extensive 
enough to require a substantially com-
plete investigation to determine com-
pliance with a TSO is a major change. 
Before making a major change, the 
manufacturer must assign a new type 
or model designation to the article and 
apply for an authorization under 
§ 21.603. 

(c) 

Changes by persons other than the 

manufacturer.  No design change by any 
person (other than the manufacturer 
who provided the statement of con-
formance for the article) is eligible for 
approval under this part unless the per-
son seeking the approval is a manufac-
turer and applies under § 21.603(a) for a 
separate TSO authorization. Persons 
other than a manufacturer may obtain 
approval for design changes under part 
43 or under the applicable airworthi-
ness regulations of this chapter. 

[Docket No. FAA–2006–25877, Amdt. 21–92, 74 
FR 53392, Oct. 16, 2009, as amended by Doc. 
No. FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 21–101, 83 FR 9169, 
Mar. 5, 2018; Doc. No. FAA–2022–1355, Amdt. 
21–106, 87 FR 75710, Dec. 9, 2022] 

§ 21.620

Changes in quality system. 

After the issuance of a TSO author-

ization— 

(a) Each change to the quality sys-

tem is subject to review by the FAA; 
and 

(b) The holder of the TSO authoriza-

tion must immediately notify the FAA, 
in writing, of any change that may af-
fect the inspection, conformity, or air-
worthiness of its article. 

§ 21.621

Issue of letters of TSO design 

approval: Import articles. 

(a) The FAA may issue a letter of 

TSO design approval for an article— 

(1) Designed and manufactured in a 

foreign country or jurisdiction subject 
to the export provisions of an agree-
ment with the United States for the ac-
ceptance of these articles for import; 
and 

(2) For import into the United States 

if— 

(i) The State of Design certifies that 

the article has been examined, tested, 
and found to meet the applicable TSO 
or the applicable performance stand-
ards of the State of Design and any 
other performance standards the FAA 
may prescribe to provide a level of 

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175 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

Pt. 23 

safety equivalent to that provided by 
the TSO; and 

(ii) The manufacturer has provided to 

the FAA one copy of the technical data 
required in the applicable performance 
standard through its State of Design. 

(b) The FAA issues the letter of TSO 

design approval that lists any devi-
ation granted under § 21.618. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2006–25877, Amdt. 21–92, 74 FR 
53392, Oct. 16, 2009, as amended by Amdt. 21– 
92A, 75 FR 9095, Mar. 1, 2010] 

Subpart P—Special Federal 

Aviation Regulations 

S

OURCE

: Docket No. FAA–2011–0186, Amdt. 

21–92, 76 FR 12555, Mar. 8, 2011, unless other-
wise noted. 

§ 21.700

SFAR No. 111—Lavatory Oxy-

gen Systems. 

The requirements of § 121.1500 of this 

chapter also apply to this part. 

PART 23—AIRWORTHINESS STAND-

ARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY AIR-
PLANES 

Sec. 
23.1457

Cockpit voice recorders. 

23.1459

Flight data recorders. 

23.1529

Instructions for continued air-

worthiness. 

Subpart A—General 

23.2000

Applicability and definitions. 

23.2005

Certification of normal category air-

planes. 

23.2010

Accepted means of compliance. 

Subpart B—Flight 

P

ERFORMANCE

 

23.2100

Weight and center of gravity. 

23.2105

Performance data. 

23.2110

Stall speed. 

23.2115

Takeoff performance. 

23.2120

Climb requirements. 

23.2125

Climb information. 

23.2130

Landing. 

F

LIGHT

C

HARACTERISTICS

 

23.2135

Controllability. 

23.2140

Trim. 

23.2145

Stability. 

23.2150

Stall characteristics, stall warning, 

and spins. 

23.2155

Ground and water handling charac-

teristics. 

23.2160

Vibration, buffeting, and high-speed 

characteristics. 

23.2165

Performance and flight characteris-

tics requirements for flight in icing con-
ditions. 

Subpart C—Structures 

23.2200

Structural design envelope. 

23.2205

Interaction of systems and struc-

tures. 

S

TRUCTURAL

L

OADS

 

23.2210

Structural design loads. 

23.2215

Flight load conditions. 

23.2220

Ground and water load conditions. 

23.2225

Component loading conditions. 

23.2230

Limit and ultimate loads. 

S

TRUCTURAL

P

ERFORMANCE

 

23.2235

Structural strength. 

23.2240

Structural durability. 

23.2245

Aeroelasticity. 

D

ESIGN

 

23.2250

Design and construction principles. 

23.2255

Protection of structure. 

23.2260

Materials and processes. 

23.2265

Special factors of safety. 

S

TRUCTURAL

O

CCUPANT

P

ROTECTION

 

23.2270

Emergency conditions. 

Subpart D—Design and Construction 

23.2300

Flight control systems. 

23.2305

Landing gear systems. 

23.2310

Buoyancy for seaplanes and amphib-

ians. 

O

CCUPANT

S

YSTEM

D

ESIGN

P

ROTECTION

 

23.2315

Means of egress and emergency 

exits. 

23.2320

Occupant physical environment. 

F

IRE AND

H

IGH

E

NERGY

P

ROTECTION

 

23.2325

Fire protection. 

23.2330

Fire protection in designated fire 

zones and adjacent areas. 

23.2335

Lightning protection. 

Subpart E—Powerplant 

23.2400

Powerplant installation. 

23.2405

Automatic power or thrust control 

systems. 

23.2410

Powerplant installation hazard as-

sessment. 

23.2415

Powerplant ice protection. 

23.2420

Reversing systems. 

23.2425

Powerplant operational characteris-

tics. 

23.2430

Fuel system. 

23.2435

Powerplant induction and exhaust 

systems. 

23.2440

Powerplant fire protection. 

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