137 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 21.9 

cooling operating limitations in the 
Flight Manual. 

[Amdt. 21–46, 43 FR 2316, Jan. 16, 1978, as 
amended by Amdt. 21–92, 74 FR 53385, Oct. 16, 
2009] 

§ 21.6

Manufacture of new aircraft, air-

craft engines, and propellers. 

(a) Except as specified in paragraphs 

(b) and (c) of this section, no person 
may manufacture a new aircraft, air-
craft engine, or propeller based on a 
type certificate unless the person— 

(1) Is the holder of the type certifi-

cate or has a licensing agreement from 
the holder of the type certificate to 
manufacture the product; and 

(2) Meets the requirements of subpart 

F or G of this part. 

(b) A person may manufacture one 

new aircraft based on a type certificate 
without meeting the requirements of 
paragraph (a) of this section if that 
person can provide evidence acceptable 
to the FAA that the manufacture of 
the aircraft by that person began be-
fore August 5, 2004. 

(c) The requirements of this section 

do not apply to— 

(1) New aircraft imported under the 

provisions of §§ 21.183(c), 21.184(b), or 
21.185(c); and 

(2) New aircraft engines or propellers 

imported under the provisions of 
§ 21.500. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2003–14825, 71 FR 52258, Sept. 
1, 2006] 

§ 21.7

Continued airworthiness and 

safety improvements for transport 
category airplanes. 

(a) On or after December 10, 2007, the 

holder of a design approval and an ap-
plicant for a design approval must 
comply with the applicable continued 
airworthiness and safety improvement 
requirements of part 26 of this sub-
chapter. 

(b) For new transport category air-

planes manufactured under the author-
ity of the FAA, the holder or licensee 
of a type certificate must meet the ap-
plicable continued airworthiness and 
safety improvement requirements spec-
ified in part 26 of this subchapter for 
new production airplanes. Those re-
quirements only apply if the FAA has 
jurisdiction over the organization re-

sponsible for final assembly of the air-
plane. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2004–18379, Amdt. 21–90, 72 FR 
63404, Nov. 8, 2007] 

§ 21.8

Approval of articles. 

If an article is required to be ap-

proved under this chapter, it may be 
approved— 

(a) Under a PMA; 
(b) Under a TSO; 
(c) In conjunction with type certifi-

cation procedures for a product; or 

(d) In any other manner approved by 

the FAA. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2006–5877, Amdt. 21–92, 74 FR 
53385, Oct. 16, 2009] 

§ 21.9

Replacement and modification 

articles. 

(a) If a person knows, or should 

know, that a replacement or modifica-
tion article is reasonably likely to be 
installed on a type-certificated prod-
uct, the person may not produce that 
article unless it is— 

(1) Produced under a type certificate; 
(2) Produced under an FAA produc-

tion approval; 

(3) A standard part (such as a nut or 

bolt) manufactured in compliance with 
a government or established industry 
specification; 

(4) A commercial part as defined in 

§ 21.1 of this part; 

(5) Produced by an owner or operator 

for maintaining or altering that owner 
or operator’s product; 

(6) Fabricated by an appropriately 

rated certificate holder with a quality 
system, and consumed in the repair or 
alteration of a product or article in ac-
cordance with part 43 of this chapter; 
or 

(7) Produced in any other manner ap-

proved by the FAA. 

(b) Except as provided in paragraphs 

(a)(1) through (a)(2) of this section, a 
person who produces a replacement or 
modification article for sale may not 
represent that part as suitable for in-
stallation on a type-certificated prod-
uct. 

(c) Except as provided in paragraphs 

(a)(1) through (a)(2) of this section, a 
person may not sell or represent an ar-
ticle as suitable for installation on an 
aircraft type-certificated under 

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