180
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 23.2120
(1) Stall speed safety margins;
(2) Minimum control speeds; and
(3) Climb gradients.
(b) For single engine airplanes and
levels 1, 2, and 3 low-speed multiengine
airplanes, takeoff performance includes
the determination of ground roll and
initial climb distance to 50 feet (15 me-
ters) above the takeoff surface.
(c) For levels 1, 2, and 3 high-speed
multiengine airplanes, and level 4 mul-
tiengine airplanes, takeoff performance
includes a determination of the fol-
lowing distances after a sudden critical
loss of thrust—
(1) An aborted takeoff at critical
speed;
(2) Ground roll and initial climb to 35
feet (11 meters) above the takeoff sur-
face; and
(3) Net takeoff flight path.
[Doc. No. FAA–2015–1621, Amdt. 23–64, 81 FR
96689, Dec. 30, 2016, as amended by Doc. No.
FAA–2022–1355, Amdt. 23–65, 87 FR 75710, Dec.
9, 2022]
§ 23.2120
Climb requirements.
The design must comply with the fol-
lowing minimum climb performance
out of ground effect:
(a) With all engines operating and in
the initial climb configuration(s)—
(1) For levels 1 and 2 low-speed air-
planes, a climb gradient of 8.3 percent
for landplanes and 6.7 percent for sea-
planes and amphibians; and
(2) For levels 1 and 2 high-speed air-
planes, all level 3 airplanes, and level 4
single-engines a climb gradient after
takeoff of 4 percent.
(b) After a critical loss of thrust on
multiengine airplanes—
(1) For levels 1 and 2 low-speed air-
planes that do not meet single-engine
crashworthiness requirements, a climb
gradient of 1.5 percent at a pressure al-
titude of 5,000 feet (1,524 meters) in the
cruise configuration(s);
(2) For levels 1 and 2 high-speed air-
planes, and level 3 low-speed airplanes,
a 1 percent climb gradient at 400 feet
(122 meters) above the takeoff surface
with the landing gear retracted and
flaps in the takeoff configuration(s);
and
(3) For level 3 high-speed airplanes
and all level 4 airplanes, a 2 percent
climb gradient at 400 feet (122 meters)
above the takeoff surface with the
landing gear retracted and flaps in the
approach configuration(s).
(c) For a balked landing, a climb gra-
dient of 3 percent without creating
undue pilot workload with the landing
gear extended and flaps in the landing
configuration(s).
[Doc. No. FAA–2015–1621, Amdt. 23–64, 81 FR
96689, Dec. 30, 2016, as amended by Doc. No.
FAA–2022–1355, Amdt. 23–65, 87 FR 75710, Dec.
9, 2022]
§ 23.2125
Climb information.
(a) The applicant must determine
climb performance at each weight, alti-
tude, and ambient temperature within
the operating limitations—
(1) For all single-engine airplanes;
(2) For levels 1 and 2 high-speed mul-
tiengine airplanes and level 3 multien-
gine airplanes, following a critical loss
of thrust on takeoff in the initial climb
configuration; and
(3) For all multiengine airplanes,
during the enroute phase of flight with
all engines operating and after a crit-
ical loss of thrust in the cruise configu-
ration.
(b) The applicant must determine the
glide performance for single-engine air-
planes after a complete loss of thrust.
§ 23.2130
Landing.
The applicant must determine the
following, for standard temperatures at
critical combinations of weight and al-
titude within the operational limits:
(a) The distance, starting from a
height of 50 feet (15 meters) above the
landing surface, required to land and
come to a stop.
(b) The approach and landing speeds,
configurations, and procedures, which
allow a pilot of average skill to land
within the published landing distance
consistently and without causing dam-
age or injury, and which allow for a
safe transition to the balked landing
conditions of this part accounting for:
(1) Stall speed safety margin; and
(2) Minimum control speeds.
F
LIGHT
C
HARACTERISTICS
§ 23.2135
Controllability.
(a) The airplane must be controllable
and maneuverable, without requiring
exceptional piloting skill, alertness, or
VerDate Sep<11>2014
09:06 Jun 28, 2024
Jkt 262046
PO 00000
Frm 00190
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Y:\SGML\262046.XXX
262046
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with CFR