title-14-part-25-sec25-773

277

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 25.773

the propellers so that no member of the
minimum flight crew (established
under § 25.1523), or part of the controls,
lies in the region between the plane of
rotation of any inboard propeller and
the surface generated by a line passing
through the center of the propeller hub
making an angle of five degrees for-
ward or aft of the plane of rotation of
the propeller.

pilot, the airplane must be controllable
with equal safety from either pilot
seat.

(d) The pilot compartment must be

constructed so that, when flying in
rain or snow, it will not leak in a man-
ner that will distract the crew or harm
the structure.

(e) Vibration and noise characteris-

tics of cockpit equipment may not
interfere with safe operation of the air-
plane.

[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 25–4, 30 FR 6113, Apr. 30,
1965]

§ 25.772

Pilot compartment doors.

For an airplane that has a lockable

door installed between the pilot com-
partment and the passenger compart-
ment:

(a) For airplanes with a maximum

passenger seating configuration of
more than 20 seats, the emergency exit
configuration must be designed so that
neither crewmembers nor passengers
require use of the flightdeck door in
order to reach the emergency exits pro-
vided for them; and

(b) Means must be provided to enable

flight crewmembers to directly enter
the passenger compartment from the
pilot compartment if the cockpit door
becomes jammed.

means to enable a flight attendant to
enter the pilot compartment in the
event that the flightcrew becomes in-
capacitated.

[Doc. No. 24344, 55 FR 29777, July 20, 1990, as
amended by Amdt. 25–106, 67 FR 2127, Jan. 15,
2002]

§ 25.773

Pilot compartment view.

(a)

Nonprecipitation conditions. For

nonprecipitation conditions, the fol-
lowing apply:

(1) Each pilot compartment must be

arranged to give the pilots a suffi-
ciently extensive, clear, and undis-
torted view, to enable them to safely
perform any maneuvers within the op-
erating limitations of the airplane, in-
cluding taxiing takeoff, approach, and
landing.

(2) Each pilot compartment must be

free of glare and reflection that could
interfere with the normal duties of the
minimum flight crew (established
under § 25.1523). This must be shown in
day and night flight tests under non-
precipitation conditions.

(b)

Precipitation conditions. For pre-

cipitation conditions, the following
apply:

(1) The airplane must have a means

to maintain a clear portion of the
windshield, during precipitation condi-
tions, sufficient for both pilots to have
a sufficiently extensive view along the
flight path in normal flight attitudes
of the airplane. This means must be de-
signed to function, without continuous
attention on the part of the crew, in—

(i) Heavy rain at speeds up to 1.5 V

SR1

with lift and drag devices retracted;
and

(ii) The icing conditions specified in

Appendix C of this part and the fol-
lowing icing conditions specified in Ap-
pendix O of this part, if certification
for flight in icing conditions is sought:

(A) For airplanes certificated in ac-

cordance with § 25.1420(a)(1), the icing
conditions that the airplane is certified
to safely exit following detection.

(B) For airplanes certificated in ac-

cordance with § 25.1420(a)(2), the icing
conditions that the airplane is certified
to safely operate in and the icing con-
ditions that the airplane is certified to
safely exit following detection.

cordance with § 25.1420(a)(3) and for air-
planes not subject to § 25.1420, all icing
conditions.

(2) No single failure of the systems

used to provide the view required by
paragraph (b)(1) of this section must
cause the loss of that view by both pi-
lots in the specified precipitation con-
ditions.

(3) The first pilot must have a win-

dow that—

(i) Is openable under the conditions

prescribed in paragraph (b)(1) of this

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 25.775

section when the cabin is not pressur-
ized;

(ii) Provides the view specified in

paragraph (b)(1) of this section; and

(iii) Provides sufficient protection

from the elements against impairment
of the pilot’s vision.

(4) The openable window specified in

paragraph (b)(3) of this section need
not be provided if it is shown that an
area of the transparent surface will re-
main clear sufficient for at least one
pilot to land the airplane safely in the
event of—

(i) Any system failure or combina-

tion of failures which is not extremely
improbable, in accordance with
§ 25.1309, under the precipitation condi-
tions specified in paragraph (b)(1) of
this section.

(ii) An encounter with severe hail,

birds, or insects.

(c)

Internal windshield and window

fogging. The airplane must have a
means to prevent fogging of the inter-
nal portions of the windshield and win-
dow panels over an area which would
provide the visibility specified in para-
graph (a) of this section under all in-
ternal and external ambient condi-
tions, including precipitation condi-
tions, in which the airplane is intended
to be operated.

(d) Fixed markers or other guides

must be installed at each pilot station
to enable the pilots to position them-
selves in their seats for an optimum
combination of outside visibility and
instrument scan. If lighted markers or
guides are used they must comply with
the requirements specified in § 25.1381.

(e)

Vision systems with transparent dis-

plays. A vision system with a trans-
parent display surface located in the
pilot’s outside field of view, such as a
head up-display, head mounted display,
or other equivalent display, must meet
the following requirements in non-
precipitation and precipitation condi-
tions:

(1) While the vision system display is

in operation, it must compensate for
interference with the pilot’s outside
field of view such that the combination
of what is visible in the display and
what remains visible through and
around it, enables the pilot to perform
the maneuvers and normal duties of
paragraph (a) of this section.

(2) The pilot’s view of the external

scene may not be distorted by the
transparent display surface or by the
vision system imagery. When the vi-
sion system displays imagery or any
symbology that is referenced to the im-
agery and outside scene topography,
including attitude symbology, flight
path vector, and flight path angle ref-
erence cue, that imagery and sym-
bology must be aligned with, and
scaled to, the external scene.

(3) The vision system must provide a

means to allow the pilot using the dis-
play to immediately deactivate and re-
activate the vision system imagery, on
demand, without removing the pilot’s
hands from the primary flight controls
or thrust controls.

(4) When the vision system is not in

operation it may not restrict the pilot
from performing the maneuvers speci-
fied in paragraph (a)(1) of this section
or the pilot compartment from meet-
ing the provisions of paragraph (a)(2) of
this section.

[Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 25–23, 35 FR 5676, Apr. 8,
1970; Amdt. 25–46, 43 FR 50595, Oct. 30, 1978;
Amdt. 25–72, 55 FR 29778, July 20, 1990; Amdt.
25–108, 67 FR 70827, Nov. 26, 2002; Amdt. 25–
121, 72 FR 44669, Aug. 8, 2007; Amdt. 25–136, 77
FR 1618, Jan. 11, 2012; Amdt. 25–140, 79 FR
65525, Nov. 4, 2014; Docket FAA–2013–0485,
Amdt. 25–144, 81 FR 90169, Dec. 13, 2016]

§ 25.775

Windshields and windows.

(a) Internal panes must be made of

nonsplintering material.

(b) Windshield panes directly in front

of the pilots in the normal conduct of
their duties, and the supporting struc-
tures for these panes, must withstand,
without penetration, the impact of a
four-pound bird when the velocity of
the airplane (relative to the bird along
the airplane’s flight path) is equal to
the value of

at sea level, selected

under § 25.335(a).

or tests that the probability of occur-
rence of a critical windshield frag-
mentation condition is of a low order,
the airplane must have a means to
minimize the danger to the pilots from
flying windshield fragments due to bird
impact. This must be shown for each
transparent pane in the cockpit that—

(1) Appears in the front view of the

airplane;