title-14-part-29-sec29-1013

640

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 29.1011

(d) The controls for any fuel jetti-

soning system must be designed to
allow flight personnel (minimum crew)
to safely interrupt fuel jettisoning dur-
ing any part of the jettisoning oper-
ation.

(e) The fuel jettisoning system must

be designed to comply with the power-
plant installation requirements of
§ 29.901(c).

(f) An auxiliary fuel jettisoning sys-

tem which meets the requirements of
paragraphs (a), (b), (d), and (e) of this
section may be installed to jettison ad-
ditional fuel provided it has separate
and independent controls.

[Amdt. 29–26, 53 FR 34218, Sept. 2, 1988]

YSTEM

§ 29.1011

Engines: general.

(a) Each engine must have an inde-

pendent oil system that can supply it
with an appropriate quantity of oil at a
temperature not above that safe for
continuous operation.

(b) The usable oil capacity of each

system may not be less than the prod-
uct of the endurance of the rotorcraft
under critical operating conditions and
the maximum allowable oil consump-
tion of the engine under the same con-
ditions, plus a suitable margin to en-
sure adequate circulation and cooling.
Instead of a rational analysis of endur-
ance and consumption, a usable oil ca-
pacity of one gallon for each 40 gallons
of usable fuel may be used for recipro-
cating engine installations.

prescribed in paragraph (c) of this sec-
tion may be used if they are substan-
tiated by data on the oil consumption
of the engine.

(d) The ability of the engine and oil

cooling provisions to maintain the oil
temperature at or below the maximum
established value must be shown under
the applicable requirements of §§ 29.1041
through 29.1049.

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 29–26, 53 FR 34218, Sept. 2,
1988]

§ 29.1013

Oil tanks.

(a)

Installation. Each oil tank instal-

lation must meet the requirements of
§ 29.967.

(b)

Expansion space. Oil tank expan-

sion space must be provided so that—

(1) Each oil tank used with a recipro-

cating engine has an expansion space of
not less than the greater of 10 percent
of the tank capacity or 0.5 gallon, and
each oil tank used with a turbine en-
gine has an expansion space of not less
than 10 percent of the tank capacity;

(2) Each reserve oil tank not directly

connected to any engine has an expan-
sion space of not less than two percent
of the tank capacity; and

(3) It is impossible to fill the expan-

sion space inadvertently with the
rotorcraft in the normal ground atti-
tude.

(c)

Filler connections. Each recessed

oil tank filler connection that can re-
tain any appreciable quantity of oil
must have a drain that discharges clear
of the entire rotorcraft. In addition—

(1) Each oil tank filler cap must pro-

vide an oil-tight seal under the pres-
sure expected in operation;

(2) For category A rotorcraft, each

oil tank filler cap or filler cap cover
must incorporate features that provide
a warning when caps are not fully
locked or seated on the filler connec-
tion; and

(3) Each oil filler must be marked

under § 29.1557(c)(2).

(d)

Vent. Oil tanks must be vented as

follows:

(1) Each oil tank must be vented

from the top part of the expansion
space to that venting is effective under
all normal flight conditions.

(2) Oil tank vents must be arranged

so that condensed water vapor that
might freeze and obstruct the line can-
not accumulate at any point;

(e)

Outlet. There must be means to

prevent entrance into the tank itself,
or into the tank outlet, of any object
that might obstruct the flow of oil
through the system. No oil tank outlet
may be enclosed by a screen or guard
that would reduce the flow of oil below
a safe value at any operating tempera-
ture. There must be a shutoff valve at
the outlet of each oil tank used with a
turbine engine unless the external por-
tion of the oil system (including oil
tank supports) is fireproof.

(f)

Flexible liners. Each flexible oil

tank liner must be approved or shown

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§ 29.1023

to be suitable for the particular instal-
lation.

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 29–10, 39 FR 35462, Oct. 1,
1974]

§ 29.1015

Oil tank tests.

Each oil tank must be designed and

installed so that—

(a) It can withstand, without failure,

any vibration, inertia, and fluid loads
to which it may be subjected in oper-
ation; and

(b) It meets the requirements of

§ 29.965, except that instead of the pres-
sure specified in § 29.965(b)—

(1) For pressurized tanks used with a

turbine engine, the test pressure may
not be less than 5 p.s.i. plus the max-
imum operating pressure of the tank;
and

(2) For all other tanks, the test pres-

sure may not be less than 5 p.s.i.

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 29–10, 39 FR 35462, Oct. 1,
1974]

§ 29.1017

Oil lines and fittings.

(a) Each oil line must meet the re-

quirements of § 29.993.

(b) Breather lines must be arranged

so that—

(1) Condensed water vapor that might

freeze and obstruct the line cannot ac-
cumulate at any point;

(2) The breather discharge will not

constitute a fire hazard if foaming oc-
curs, or cause emitted oil to strike the
pilot’s windshield; and

(3) The breather does not discharge

into the engine air induction system.

§ 29.1019

Oil strainer or filter.

(a) Each turbine engine installation

must incorporate an oil strainer or fil-
ter through which all of the engine oil
flows and which meets the following re-
quirements:

(1) Each oil strainer or filter that has

a bypass must be constructed and in-
stalled so that oil will flow at the nor-
mal rate through the rest of the sys-
tem with the strainer or filter com-
pletely blocked.

(2) The oil strainer or filter must

have the capacity (with respect to op-
erating limitations established for the
engine) to ensure that engine oil sys-
tem functioning is not impaired when

the oil is contaminated to a degree
(with respect to particle size and den-
sity) that is greater than that estab-
lished for the engine under Part 33 of
this chapter.

(3) The oil strainer or filter, unless it

is installed at an oil tank outlet, must
incorporate a means to indicate con-
tamination before it reaches the capac-
ity established in accordance with
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.

(4) The bypass of a strainer or filter

must be constructed and installed so
that the release of collected contami-
nants is minimized by appropriate lo-
cation of the bypass to ensure that col-
lected contaminants are not in the by-
pass flow path.

(5) An oil strainer or filter that has

no bypass, except one that is installed
at an oil tank outlet, must have a
means to connect it to the warning
system required in § 29.1305(a)(19).

(b) Each oil strainer or filter in a

powerplant installation using recipro-
cating engines must be constructed and
installed so that oil will flow at the
normal rate through the rest of the
system with the strainer or filter ele-
ment completely blocked.

[Amdt. 29–10, 39 FR 35463, Oct. 1, 1974, as
amended by Amdt. 29–22, 49 FR 6850, Feb. 23,
1984; Amdt. 29–26, 53 FR 34218, Sept. 2, 1988;
Amdt. 29–59, 88 FR 8739, Feb. 10, 2023]

§ 29.1021

Oil system drains.

A drain (or drains) must be provided

to allow safe drainage of the oil sys-
tem. Each drain must—

(a) Be accessible; and
(b) Have manual or automatic means

for positive locking in the closed posi-
tion.

[Amdt. 29–22, 49 FR 6850, Feb. 23, 1984]

§ 29.1023

Oil radiators.

(a) Each oil radiator must be able to

withstand any vibration, inertia, and
oil pressure loads to which it would be
subjected in operation.

(b) Each oil radiator air duct must be

located, or equipped, so that, in case of
fire, and with the airflow as it would be
with and without the engine operating,
flames cannot directly strike the radi-
ator.