665 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 29.1401 

29.1393 if the overlap intensities in rela-
tion to the main beam intensities do 
not adversely affect signal clarity. 

§ 29.1391

Minimum intensities in the 

horizontal plane of forward and 
rear position lights. 

Each position light intensity must 

equal or exceed the applicable values in 
the following table: 

Dihedral angle (light in-

cluded) 

Angle from right or left 

of longitudinal axis, 

measured from dead 

ahead 

Intensity 

(candles) 

L and R (forward red 

and green).

0

° 

to 10

°

.....................

10

° 

to 20

°

...................

20

° 

to 110

°

.................

40 
30 

5 

A (rear white) ..............

110

° 

to 180

°

...............

20 

§ 29.1393

Minimum intensities in any 

vertical plane of forward and rear 
position lights. 

Each position light intensity must 

equal or exceed the applicable values in 
the following table: 

Angle above or below the horizontal plane 

Intensity, I 

0

°

.........................................................................

1.00 

0

° 

to 5

°

................................................................

.90 

5

° 

to 10

°

..............................................................

.80 

10

° 

to 15

°

............................................................

.70 

15

° 

to 20

°

............................................................

.50 

20

° 

to 30

°

............................................................

.30 

30

° 

to 40

°

............................................................

.10 

40

° 

to 90

°

............................................................

.05 

§ 29.1395

Maximum intensities in over-

lapping beams of forward and rear 
position lights. 

No position light intensity may ex-

ceed the applicable values in the fol-
lowing table, except as provided in 
§ 29.1389(b)(3). 

Overlaps 

Maximum intensity 

Area A 

(candles) 

Area B 

(candles) 

Green in dihedral angle L .........

10 1 

Red in dihedral angle R ............

10 1 

Green in dihedral angle A .........

5 1 

Red in dihedral angle A ............

5 1 

Rear white in dihedral angle L ..

5 1 

Rear white in dihedral angle R

5 1 

Where— 

(a) Area A includes all directions in 

the adjacent dihedral angle that pass 
through the light source and intersect 
the common boundary plane at more 
than 10 degrees but less than 20 de-
grees; and 

(b) Area B includes all directions in 

the adjacent dihedral angle that pass 
through the light source and intersect 
the common boundary plane at more 
than 20 degrees. 

§ 29.1397

Color specifications. 

Each position light color must have 

the applicable International Commis-
sion on Illumination chromaticity co-
ordinates as follows: 

(a) 

Aviation red— 

y is not greater than 0.335; and 
z is not greater than 0.002. 

(b) 

Aviation green— 

x is not greater than 0.440

¥

0.320

y; 

x is not greater than y

¥

0.170; and 

y is not less than 0.390

¥

0.170

x. 

(c) 

Aviation white— 

x is not less than 0.300 and not greater than 

0.540; 

y  is not less than x

¥

0.040 or 

y

c

¥

0.010, 

whichever is the smaller; and 

y  is not greater than x  + 0.020 nor 

0.636

¥

0.400

x; 

Where 

Y

e

is the 

y coordinate of the Planck-

ian radiator for the value of 

x considered. 

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 29–7, 36 FR 12972, July 10, 
1971] 

§ 29.1399

Riding light. 

(a) Each riding light required for 

water operation must be installed so 
that it can— 

(1) Show a white light for at least 

two miles at night under clear atmos-
pheric conditions; and 

(2) Show a maximum practicable un-

broken light with the rotorcraft on the 
water. 

(b) Externally hung lights may be 

used. 

§ 29.1401

Anticollision light system. 

(a) 

General.  If certification for night 

operation is requested, the rotorcraft 
must have an anticollision light sys-
tem that— 

(1) Consists of one or more approved 

anticollision lights located so that 
their emitted light will not impair the 
crew’s vision or detract from the con-
spicuity of the position lights; and 

(2) Meets the requirements of para-

graphs (b) through (f) of this section. 

(b) 

Field of coverage. The system must 

consist of enough lights to illuminate 

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 29.1411 

the vital areas around the rotorcraft, 
considering the physical configuration 
and flight characteristics of the rotor-
craft. The field of coverage must ex-
tend in each direction within at least 
30 degrees above and 30 degrees below 
the horizontal plane of the rotorcraft, 
except that there may be solid angles 
of obstructed visibility totaling not 
more than 0.5 steradians. 

(c) 

Flashing characteristics. The ar-

rangement of the system, that is, the 
number of light sources, beam width, 
speed of rotation, and other character-
istics, must give an effective flash fre-
quency of not less than 40, nor more 
than 100, cycles per minute. The effec-
tive flash frequency is the frequency at 
which the rotorcraft’s complete anti-
collision light system is observed from 
a distance, and applies to each sector 
of light including any overlaps that 
exist when the system consists of more 
than one light source. In overlaps, 
flash frequencies may exceed 100, but 
not 180, cycles per minute. 

(d) 

Color.  Each anticollision light 

must be aviation red and must meet 
the applicable requirements of § 29.1397. 

(e) 

Light intensity. The minimum 

light intensities in any vertical plane, 
measured with the red filter (if used) 
and expressed in terms of ‘‘effective’’ 
intensities must meet the require-
ments of paragraph (f) of this section. 
The following relation must be as-
sumed: 

I

I t dt

t

t

e

t

t

=

+

−

∫

( )

.

(

)

1

2

0 2

2

1

where: 

I

e

= effective intensity (candles). 

I(t)  = instantaneous intensity as a function 

of time. 

t

2

¥

t

l

= flash time interval (seconds). 

Normally, the maximum value of effective 
intensity is obtained when 

t

2

and 

t

1

are cho-

sen so that the effective intensity is equal to 
the instantaneous intensity at 

t

2

and 

t

1

. 

(f) 

Minimum effective intensities for 

anticollision light. Each anticollision 
light effective intensity must equal or 
exceed the applicable values in the fol-
lowing table: 

Angle above or below the horizontal plane 

Effective 

intensity 

(candles) 

0

° 

to 5

°

................................................................

150 

5

° 

to 10

°

..............................................................

90 

10

° 

to 20

°

............................................................

30 

20

° 

to 30

°

............................................................

15 

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as 
amended by Amdt. 29–7, 36 FR 12972, July 10, 
1971; Amdt. 29–11, 41 FR 5290, Feb. 5, 1976] 

S

AFETY

E

QUIPMENT

 

§ 29.1411

General. 

(a) 

Accessibility. 

Required safety 

equipment to be used by the crew in an 
emergency, such as automatic liferaft 
releases, must be readily accessible. 

(b) 

Stowage provisions. Stowage provi-

sions for required emergency equip-
ment must be furnished and must— 

(1) Be arranged so that the equip-

ment is directly accessible and its loca-
tion is obvious; and 

(2) Protect the safety equipment 

from inadvertent damage. 

(c) 

Emergency exit descent device. The 

stowage provisions for the emergency 
exit descent device required by 
§ 29.809(f) must be at the exits for which 
they are intended. 

(d) 

Liferafts. Liferafts must be stowed 

near exits through which the rafts can 
be launched during an unplanned ditch-
ing. Rafts automatically or remotely 
released outside the rotorcraft must be 
attached to the rotorcraft by the static 
line prescribed in § 29.1415. 

(e) 

Long-range signaling device. The 

stowage provisions for the long-range 
signaling device required by § 29.1415 
must be near an exit available during 
an unplanned ditching. 

(f) 

Life preservers. Each life preserver 

must be within easy reach of each oc-
cupant while seated. 

§ 29.1413

Safety belts: passenger warn-

ing device. 

(a) If there are means to indicate to 

the passengers when safety belts 
should be fastened, they must be in-
stalled to be operated from either pilot 
seat. 

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