title-14-part-29-sec29-859

621

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 29.859

smoking is prohibited. Signs which no-
tify when smoking is prohibited must—

(i) When illuminated, be legible to

each passenger seated in the passenger
cabin under all probable lighting condi-
tions; and

(ii) Be so constructed that the crew

can turn the illumination on and off.

(d) Each receptacle for towels, paper,

or waste must be at least fire-resistant
and must have means for containing
possible fires;

(e) There must be a hand fire extin-

guisher for the flight crewmembers;
and

(f) At least the following number of

hand fire extinguishers must be con-
veniently located in passenger com-
partments:

Passenger capacity

Fire extin-

guishers

7 through 30 ..................................................

31 through 60 ................................................

61 or more .....................................................

(Secs. 313(a), 601, 603, 604, Federal Aviation
Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1354(a), 1421, 1423, 1424),
sec. 6(c), Dept. of Transportation Act (49
U.S.C. 1655(c)))

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 29–3, 33 FR 969, Jan. 26,
1968; Amdt. 29–17, 43 FR 50600, Oct. 30, 1978;
Amdt. 29–18, 45 FR 7756, Feb. 4, 1980; Amdt.
29–23, 49 FR 43200, Oct. 26, 1984]

§ 29.855

Cargo and baggage compart-

ments.

(a) Each cargo and baggage compart-

ment must be construced of or lined
with materials in accordance with the
following:

(1) For accessible and inaccessible

compartments not occupied by pas-
sengers or crew, the material must be
at least fire resistant.

(2) Materials must meet the require-

ments in § 29.853(a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(3)
for cargo or baggage compartments in
which—

(i) The presence of a compartment

fire would be easily discovered by a
crewmember while at the crew-
member’s station;

(ii) Each part of the compartment is

easily accessible in flight;

(iii) The compartment has a volume

of 200 cubic feet or less; and

(iv) Notwithstanding § 29.1439(a), pro-

tective breathing equipment is not re-
quired.

(b) No compartment may contain any

controls, wiring, lines, equipment, or
accessories whose damage or failure
would affect safe operation, unless
those items are protected so that—

(1) They cannot be damaged by the

movement of cargo in the compart-
ment; and

(2) Their breakage or failure will not

create a fire hazard.

sible compartments must be adequate
to contain compartment fires until a
landing and safe evacuation can be
made.

(d) Each cargo and baggage compart-

ment that is not sealed so as to contain
cargo compartment fires completely
without endangering the safety of a
rotorcraft or its occupants must be de-
signed, or must have a device, to en-
sure detection of fires or smoke by a
crewmember while at his station and
to prevent the accumulation of harm-
ful quantities of smoke, flame, extin-
guishing agents, and other noxious
gases in any crew or passenger com-
partment. This must be shown in
flight.

(e) For rotorcraft used for the car-

riage of cargo only, the cabin area may
be considered a cargo compartment
and, in addition to paragraphs (a)
through (d) of this section, the fol-
lowing apply:

(1) There must be means to shut off

the ventilating airflow to or within the
compartment. Controls for this purpose
must be accessible to the flight crew in
the crew compartment.

(2) Required crew emergency exits

must be accessible under all cargo
loading conditions.

(3) Sources of heat within each com-

partment must be shielded and insu-
lated to prevent igniting the cargo.

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 29–3, 33 FR 969, Jan. 26,
1968; Amdt. 29–24, 49 FR 44438, Nov. 6, 1984;
Amdt. 27–26, 55 FR 8004, Mar. 6, 1990]

§ 29.859

Combustion heater fire pro-

tection.

(a)

Combustion heater fire zones. The

following combustion heater fire zones
must be protected against fire under

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 29.859

the applicable provisions of §§ 29.1181
through 29.1191, and 29.1195 through
29.1203:

(1) The region surrounding any heat-

er, if that region contains any flam-
mable fluid system components (in-
cluding the heater fuel system), that
could—

(i) Be damaged by heater malfunc-

tioning; or

(ii) Allow flammable fluids or vapors

to reach the heater in case of leakage.

(2) Each part of any ventilating air

passage that—

(i) Surrounds the combustion cham-

ber; and

(ii) Would not contain (without dam-

age to other rotorcraft components)
any fire that may occur within the pas-
sage.

(b)

Ventilating air ducts. Each ven-

tilating air duct passing through any
fire zone must be fireproof. In addi-
tion—

(1) Unless isolation is provided by

fireproof valves or by equally effective
means, the ventilating air duct down-
stream of each heater must be fireproof
for a distance great enough to ensure
that any fire originating in the heater
can be contained in the duct; and

(2) Each part of any ventilating duct

passing through any region having a
flammable fluid system must be so
constructed or isolated from that sys-
tem that the malfunctioning of any
component of that system cannot in-
troduce flammable fluids or vapors
into the ventilating airstream.

(c)

Combustion air ducts. Each com-

bustion air duct must be fireproof for a
distance great enough to prevent dam-
age from backfiring or reverse flame
propagation. In addition—

(1) No combustion air duct may com-

municate with the ventilating air-
stream unless flames from backfires or
reverse burning cannot enter the ven-
tilating airstream under any operating
condition, including reverse flow or
malfunction of the heater or its associ-
ated components; and

(2) No combustion air duct may re-

strict the prompt relief of any backfire
that, if so restricted, could cause heat-
er failure.

(d)

Heater controls; general. There

must be means to prevent the haz-
ardous accumulation of water or ice on

or in any heater control component,
control system tubing, or safety con-
trol.

(e)

Heater safety controls. For each

combustion heater, safety control
means must be provided as follows:

(1) Means independent of the compo-

nents provided for the normal contin-
uous control of air temperature, air-
flow, and fuel flow must be provided,
for each heater, to automatically shut
off the ignition and fuel supply of that
heater at a point remote from that
heater when any of the following oc-
curs:

(i) The heat exchanger temperature

exceeds safe limits.

(ii) The ventilating air temperature

exceeds safe limits.

(iii) The combustion airflow becomes

inadequate for safe operation.

(iv) The ventilating airflow becomes

inadequate for safe operation.

(2) The means of complying with

paragraph (e)(1) of this section for any
individual heater must—

(i) Be independent of components

serving any other heater whose heat
output is essential for safe operation;
and

(ii) Keep the heater off until re-

started by the crew.

(3) There must be means to warn the

crew when any heater whose heat out-
put is essential for safe operation has
been shut off by the automatic means
prescribed in paragraph (e)(1) of this
section.

(f)

Air intakes. Each combustion and

ventilating air intake must be where
no flammable fluids or vapors can
enter the heater system under any op-
erating condition—

(1) During normal operation; or
(2) As a result of the malfunction of

any other component.

(g)

Heater exhaust. Each heater ex-

haust system must meet the require-
ments of §§ 29.1121 and 29.1123. In addi-
tion—

(1) Each exhaust shroud must be

sealed so that no flammable fluids or
hazardous quantities of vapors can
reach the exhaust systems through
joints; and

(2) No exhaust system may restrict

the prompt relief of any backfire that,
if so restricted, could cause heater fail-
ure.

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 29.865

(h)

Heater fuel systems. Each heater

fuel system must meet the powerplant
fuel system requirements affecting safe
heater operation. Each heater fuel sys-
tem component in the ventilating air-
stream must be protected by shrouds
so that no leakage from those compo-
nents can enter the ventilating air-
stream.

(i)

Drains. There must be means for

safe drainage of any fuel that might ac-
cumulate in the combustion chamber
or the heat exchanger. In addition—

(1) Each part of any drain that oper-

ates at high temperatures must be pro-
tected in the same manner as heater
exhausts; and

(2) Each drain must be protected

against hazardous ice accumulation
under any operating condition.

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 29–2, 32 FR 6914, May 5,
1967]

§ 29.861

Fire protection of structure,

controls, and other parts.

Each part of the structure, controls,

and the rotor mechanism, and other
parts essential to controlled landing
and (for category A) flight that would
be affected by powerplant fires must be
isolated under § 29.1191, or must be—

(a) For category A rotorcraft, fire-

proof; and

(b) For Category B rotorcraft, fire-

proof or protected so that they can per-
form their essential functions for at
least 5 minutes under any foreseeable
powerplant fire conditions.

[Doc. No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 27–26, 55 FR 8005, Mar. 6,
1990]

§ 29.863

Flammable fluid fire protec-

tion.

(a) In each area where flammable

fluids or vapors might escape by leak-
age of a fluid system, there must be
means to minimize the probability of
ignition of the fluids and vapors, and
the resultant hazards if ignition does
occur.

(b) Compliance with paragraph (a) of

this section must be shown by analysis
or tests, and the following factors must
be considered:

(1) Possible sources and paths of fluid

leakage, and means of detecting leak-
age.

(2) Flammability characteristics of

fluids, including effects of any combus-
tible or absorbing materials.

(3) Possible ignition sources, includ-

ing electrical faults, overheating of
equipment, and malfunctioning of pro-
tective devices.

(4) Means available for controlling or

extinguishing a fire, such as stopping
flow of fluids, shutting down equip-
ment, fireproof containment, or use of
extinguishing agents.

(5) Ability of rotorcraft components

that are critical to safety of flight to
withstand fire and heat.

quired to prevent or counteract a fluid
fire (e.g. equipment shutdown or actu-
ation of a fire extinguisher), quick act-
ing means must be provided to alert
the crew.

(d) Each area where flammable fluids

or vapors might escape by leakage of a
fluid system must be identified and de-
fined.

(Secs. 313(a), 601, 603, 604, Federal Aviation
Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1354(a), 1421, 1423, 1424),
sec. 6(c), Dept. of Transportation Act (49
U.S.C. 1655(c)))

[Amdt. 29–17, 43 FR 50600, Oct. 30, 1978]

XTERNAL

OADS

§ 29.865

External loads.

(a) It must be shown by analysis,

test, or both, that the rotorcraft exter-
nal load attaching means for rotor-
craft-load combinations to be used for
nonhuman external cargo applications
can withstand a limit static load equal
to 2.5, or some lower load factor ap-
proved under §§ 29.337 through 29.341,
multiplied by the maximum external
load for which authorization is re-
quested. It must be shown by analysis,
test, or both that the rotorcraft exter-
nal load attaching means and cor-
responding personnel carrying device
system for rotorcraft-load combina-
tions to be used for human external
cargo applications can withstand a
limit static load equal to 3.5 or some
lower load factor, not less than 2.5, ap-
proved under §§ 29.337 through 29.341,
multiplied by the maximum external
load for which authorization is re-
quested. The load for any rotorcraft-
load combination class, for any exter-
nal cargo type, must be applied in the

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