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865 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 45.21 

(b) Except as provided in paragraph 

(d)(1) of this section, no person may re-
move, change, or place identification 
information required by paragraph (a) 
of this section, on any aircraft, aircraft 
engine, propeller, propeller blade, or 
propeller hub, without the approval of 
the FAA. 

(c) Except as provided in paragraph 

(d)(2) of this section, no person may re-
move or install any identification plate 
required by § 45.11, without the ap-
proval of the FAA. 

(d) Persons performing work under 

the provisions of Part 43 of this chapter 
may, in accordance with methods, 
techniques, and practices acceptable to 
the FAA— 

(1) Remove, change, or place the 

identification information required by 
paragraph (a) of this section on any 
aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, pro-
peller blade, or propeller hub; or 

(2) Remove an identification plate re-

quired by § 45.11 when necessary during 
maintenance operations. 

(e) No person may install an identi-

fication plate removed in accordance 
with paragraph (d)(2) of this section on 
any aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, 
propeller blade, or propeller hub other 
than the one from which it was re-
moved. 

[Amdt. 45–3, 32 FR 188, Jan. 10, 1967, as 
amended by Amdt. 45–10, 44 FR 45379, Aug. 2, 
1979; Amdt. 45–12, 45 FR 60183, Sept. 11, 1980; 
Amdt. 45–20, 55 FR 32861, Aug. 10, 1990; 55 FR 
37287, Sept. 10, 1990; Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53395, 
Oct. 16, 2009; Amdt. 45–28, 77 FR 76854, Dec. 31, 
2012] 

§ 45.15

Marking requirements for PMA 

articles, TSO articles, and Critical 
parts. 

(a) 

PMA articles. The manufacturer of 

a PMA article must permanently and 
legibly mark— 

(1) Each PMA article, with the PMA 

holder’s name, trademark, symbol, or 
other FAA approved identification and 
part number; and 

(2) The letters ‘‘FAA–PMA’’. 
(b) 

TSO articles. The manufacturer of 

a TSO article must permanently and 
legibly mark — 

(1) Each TSO article with the TSO 

holder’s name, trademark, symbol, or 
other FAA approved identification and 
part number; and 

(2) Each TSO article, unless other-

wise specified in the applicable TSO, 
with the TSO number and letter of des-
ignation, all markings specifically re-
quired by the applicable TSO, and the 
serial number or the date of manufac-
ture of the article or both. 

(c) 

Critical parts. Each person who 

manufactures a part for which a re-
placement time, inspection interval, or 
related procedure is specified in the 
Airworthiness Limitations section of a 
manufacturer’s maintenance manual or 
Instructions for Continued Airworthi-
ness must permanently and legibly 
mark that part with a serial number 
(or equivalent) unique to that part in 
addition to the other applicable re-
quirements of this section. 

(d) If the FAA finds a part or article 

is too small or otherwise impractical 
to mark with any of the information 
required by this part, the manufacturer 
must attach that information to the 
part or its container. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2006–25877, 74 FR 53395, Oct. 
16, 2009] 

§ 45.16

Marking of life-limited parts. 

When requested by a person required 

to comply with § 43.10 of this chapter, 
the holder of a type certificate or de-
sign approval for a life-limited part 
must provide marking instructions, or 
must state that the part cannot be 
practicably marked without compro-
mising its integrity. 

[Doc. No. FAA–200–8017, 67 FR 2110, Jan. 15, 
2002, as amended by Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53395, 
Oct. 16, 2009] 

Subpart C—Nationality and 

Registration Marks 

§ 45.21

General. 

(a) Except as provided in § 45.22, no 

person may operate a U.S.-registered 
aircraft unless that aircraft displays 
nationality and registration marks in 
accordance with the requirements of 
this section and §§ 45.23 through 45.33. 

(b) Unless otherwise authorized by 

the FAA, no person may place on any 
aircraft a design, mark, or symbol that 
modifies or confuses the nationality 
and registration marks. 

(c) Aircraft nationality and registra-

tion marks must— 

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866 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 45.22 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph 

(d) of this section, be painted on the 
aircraft or affixed by any other means 
insuring a similar degree of perma-
nence; 

(2) Have no ornamentation; 
(3) Contrast in color with the back-

ground; and 

(4) Be legible. 
(d) The aircraft nationality and reg-

istration marks may be affixed to an 
aircraft with readily removable mate-
rial if— 

(1) It is intended for immediate deliv-

ery to a foreign purchaser; 

(2) It is bearing a temporary registra-

tion number; or 

(3) It is marked temporarily to meet 

the requirements of § 45.22(c)(1) or 
§ 45.29(h) of this part, or both. 

[Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45–5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12, 
1968, as amended by Amdt. 45–17, 52 FR 34102, 
Sept. 9, 1987] 

§ 45.22

Exhibition, antique, and other 

aircraft: Special rules. 

(a) When display of aircraft nation-

ality and registration marks in accord-
ance with §§ 45.21 and 45.23 through 45.33 
would be inconsistent with exhibition 
of that aircraft, a U.S.-registered air-
craft may be operated without dis-
playing those marks anywhere on the 
aircraft if: 

(1) It is operated for the purpose of 

exhibition, including a motion picture 
or television production, or an airshow; 

(2) Except for practice and test fights 

necessary for exhibition purposes, it is 
operated only at the location of the ex-
hibition, between the exhibition loca-
tions, and between those locations and 
the base of operations of the aircraft; 
and 

(3) For each flight in the United 

States: 

(i) It is operated with the prior ap-

proval of the responsible Flight Stand-
ards office, in the case of a flight with-
in the lateral boundaries of the surface 
areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or 
Class E airspace designated for the 
takeoff airport, or within 4.4 nautical 
miles of that airport if it is within 
Class G airspace; or 

(ii) It is operated under a flight plan 

filed under either § 91.153 or § 91.169 of 
this chapter describing the marks it 

displays, in the case of any other 
flight. 

(b) A small U.S.-registered aircraft 

built at least 30 years ago or a U.S.- 
registered aircraft for which an experi-
mental certificate has been issued 
under § 21.191(d) or 21.191(g) for oper-
ation as an exhibition aircraft or as an 
amateur-built aircraft and which has 
the same external configuration as an 
aircraft built at least 30 years ago may 
be operated without displaying marks 
in accordance with §§ 45.21 and 45.23 
through 45.33 if: 

(1) It displays in accordance with 

§ 45.21(c) marks at least 2 inches high 
on each side of the fuselage or vertical 
tail surface consisting of the Roman 
capital letter ‘‘N’’ followed by: 

(i) The U.S. registration number of 

the aircraft; or 

(ii) The symbol appropriate to the 

airworthiness certificate of the aircraft 
(‘‘C’’, standard; ‘‘R’’, restricted; ‘‘L’’, 
limited; or ‘‘X’’, experimental) followed 
by the U.S. registration number of the 
aircraft; and 

(2) It displays no other mark that be-

gins with the letter ‘‘N’’ anywhere on 
the aircraft, unless it is the same mark 
that is displayed under paragraph (b)(1) 
of this section. 

(c) No person may operate an aircraft 

under paragraph (a) or (b) of this sec-
tion— 

(1) In an ADIZ or DEWIZ described in 

Part 99 of this chapter unless it tempo-
rarily bears marks in accordance with 
§§ 45.21 and 45.23 through 45.33; 

(2) In a foreign country unless that 

country consents to that operation; or 

(3) In any operation conducted under 

Part 121, 133, 135, or 137 of this chapter. 

(d) If, due to the configuration of an 

aircraft, it is impossible for a person to 
mark it in accordance with §§ 45.21 and 
45.23 through 45.33, he may apply to the 
FAA for a different marking procedure. 

[Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45–5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12, 
1968, as amended by Amdt. 45–13, 46 FR 48603, 
Oct. 1, 1981; Amdt. 45–19, 54 FR 39291, Sept. 25, 
1989; Amdt. 45–18, 54 FR 34330, Aug. 18, 1989; 
Amdt. 45–21, 56 FR 65653, Dec. 17, 1991; Amdt. 
45–22, 66 FR 21066, Apr. 27, 2001; Doc. No. 
FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 45–31, 83 FR 9170, Mar. 
5, 2018] 

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