title-14-part-45-sec45-29

867

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 45.29

§ 45.23

Display of marks; general.

(a) Each operator of an aircraft must

display on that aircraft marks con-
sisting of the Roman capital letter ‘‘N’’
(denoting United States registration)
followed by the registration number of
the aircraft. Each suffix letter used in
the marks displayed must also be a
Roman capital letter.

(b) When marks include only the

Roman capital letter ‘‘N’’ and the reg-
istration number is displayed on lim-
ited, restricted or light-sport category
aircraft or experimental or provision-
ally certificated aircraft, the operator
must also display on that aircraft near
each entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or
pilot station, in letters not less than 2
inches nor more than 6 inches high, the
words ‘‘limited,’’ ‘‘restricted,’’ ‘‘light-
sport,’’ ‘‘experimental,’’ or ‘‘provi-
sional,’’ as applicable.

[Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45–5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12,
1968, as amended by Amdt. 45–9, 42 FR 41102,
Aug. 15, 1977; Amdt. 45–24, 69 FR 44863, July
27, 2004]

§ 45.25

Location of marks on fixed-

wing aircraft.

(a) The operator of a fixed-wing air-

craft must display the required marks
on either the vertical tail surfaces or
the sides of the fuselage, except as pro-
vided in § 45.29(f).

(b) The marks required by paragraph

(a) of this section must be displayed as
follows:

(1) If displayed on the vertical tail

surfaces, horizontally on both surfaces,
horizontally on both surfaces of a sin-
gle vertical tail or on the outer sur-
faces of a multivertical tail. However,
on aircraft on which marks at least 3
inches high may be displayed in ac-
cordance with § 45.29(b)(1), the marks
may be displayed vertically on the
vertical tail surfaces.

(2) If displayed on the fuselage sur-

faces, horizontally on both sides of the
fuselage between the trailing edge of
the wing and the leading edge of the
horizontal stabilizer. However, if en-
gine pods or other appurtenances are
located in this area and are an integral
part of the fuselage side surfaces, the
operator may place the marks on those
pods or appurtenances.

[Amdt. 45–9, 42 FR 41102, Aug. 15, 1977]

§ 45.27

Location of marks; nonfixed-

wing aircraft.

(a)

Rotorcraft. Each operator of a

rotorcraft must display on that rotor-
craft horizontally on both surfaces of
the cabin, fuselage, boom, or tail the
marks required by § 45.23.

(b)

Airships. Each operator of an air-

ship must display on that airship the
marks required by § 45.23, horizontally
on—

(1) The upper surface of the right hor-

izontal stabilizer and on the under sur-
face of the left horizontal stabilizer
with the top of the marks toward the
leading edge of each stabilizer; and

(2) Each side of the bottom half of

the vertical stabilizer.

(c)

Spherical balloons. Each operator

of a spherical balloon must display the
marks required by § 45.23 in two places
diametrically opposite and near the
maximum horizontal circumference of
that balloon.

(d)

Nonspherical balloons. Each oper-

ator of a nonspherical balloon must
display the marks required by § 45.23 on
each side of the balloon near its max-
imum cross section and immediately
above either the rigging band or the
points of attachment of the basket or
cabin suspension cables.

(e)

Powered parachutes and weight-

shift-control aircraft. Each operator of a
powered parachute or a weight-shift-
control aircraft must display the
marks required by §§ 45.23 and
45.29(b)(2) of this part. The marks must
be displayed in two diametrically oppo-
site positions on the fuselage, a struc-
tural member, or a component of the
aircraft and must be visible from the
side of the aircraft.

[Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 45–15, 48 FR 11392, Mar. 17,
1983; Amdt. 45–24, 69 FR 44863, July 27, 2004;
Amdt. 45–25, 72 FR 52469, Sept. 14, 2007]

§ 45.29

Size of marks.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph

(f) of this section, each operator of an
aircraft must display marks on the air-
craft meeting the size requirements of
this section.

(b)

Height. Except as provided in

paragraph (h) of this part, the nation-
ality and registration marks must be
of equal height and on—

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 45.31

(1) Fixed-wing aircraft, must be at

least 12 inches high, except that:

(i) An aircraft displaying marks at

least 2 inches high before November 1,
1981 and an aircraft manufactured after
November 2, 1981, but before January 1,
1983, may display those marks until the
aircraft is repainted or the marks are
repainted, restored, or changed;

(ii) Marks at least 3 inches high may

be displayed on a glider;

(iii) Marks at least 3 inches high may

be displayed on an aircraft for which
the FAA has issued an experimental
certificate under § 21.191 (d), § 21.191 (g),
or § 21.191 (i) of this chapter to operate
as an exhibition aircraft, an amateur-
built aircraft, or a light-sport aircraft
when the maximum cruising speed of
the aircraft does not exceed 180 knots
CAS; and

(iv) Marks may be displayed on an

exhibition, antique, or other aircraft in
accordance with § 45.22.

(2) Airships, spherical balloons, non-

spherical balloons, powered parachutes,
and weight-shift-control aircraft must
be at least 3 inches high; and

(3) Rotorcraft, must be at least 12

inches high, except that rotorcraft dis-
playing before April 18, 1983, marks re-
quired by § 45.29(b)(3) in effect on April
17, 1983, and rotorcraft manufactured
on or after April 18, 1983, but before De-
cember 31, 1983, may display those
marks until the aircraft is repainted or
the marks are repainted, restored, or
changed.

(c)

Width. Characters must be two-

thirds as wide as they are high, except
the number ‘‘1’’, which must be one-
sixth as wide as it is high, and the let-
ters ‘‘M’’ and ‘‘W’’ which may be as
wide as they are high.

(d)

Thickness. Characters must be

formed by solid lines one-sixth as thick
as the character is high.

(e)

Spacing. The space between each

character may not be less than one-
fourth of the character width.

(f) If either one of the surfaces au-

thorized for displaying required marks
under § 45.25 is large enough for display
of marks meeting the size require-
ments of this section and the other is
not, full size marks must be placed on
the larger surface. If neither surface is
large enough for full-size marks, marks
as large as practicable must be dis-

played on the larger of the two sur-
faces. If no surface authorized to be
marked by § 45.27 is large enough for
full-size marks, marks as large as prac-
ticable must be placed on the largest of
the authorized surfaces. However, pow-
ered parachutes and weight-shift-con-
trol aircraft must display marks at
least 3 inches high.

(g)

Uniformity. The marks required by

this part for fixed-wing aircraft must
have the same height, width, thick-
ness, and spacing on both sides of the
aircraft.

(h) After March 7, 1988, each operator

of an aircraft penetrating an ADIZ or
DEWIZ must display on that aircraft
temporary or permanent nationality
and registration marks at least 12
inches high.

[Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 45–2, 31 FR 9863, July 21,
1966; Amdt. 45–9, 42 FR 41102, Aug. 15, 1977;
Amdt. 45–13, 46 FR 48604, Oct. 1, 1981; Amdt.
45–15, 48 FR 11392, Mar. 17, 1983; Amdt. 45–17,
52 FR 34102, Sept. 9, 1987; 52 FR 36566, Sept.
30, 1987; Amdt. 45–24, 69 FR 44863, July 27,
2004; Amdt. 45–25, 72 FR 52469, Sept. 14, 2007]

§ 45.31

Marking of export aircraft.

A person who manufactures an air-

craft in the United States for delivery
outside thereof may display on that
aircraft any marks required by the
State of registry of the aircraft. How-
ever, no person may operate an aircraft
so marked within the United States,
except for test and demonstration
flights for a limited period of time, or
while in necessary transit to the pur-
chaser.

§ 45.33

Sale of aircraft; removal of

marks.

When an aircraft that is registered in

the United States is sold, the holder of
the Certificate of Aircraft Registration
must remove, before its delivery to the
purchaser, all United States marks
from the aircraft, unless the purchaser
is—

(a) A citizen of the United States;
(b) An individual citizen of a foreign

country who is lawfully admitted for
permanent residence in the United
States; or

and primarily used in the United