862
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
Pt. 45
that include the optional high RF peak out-
put power, verify that the minimum RF peak
output power is at least 21.0 dbw (125 watts).
(iv) For Classes 1B, 2B, and 3B Mode S
transponders, verify that the minimum RF
peak output power is at least 18.5 dbw (70
watts).
(v) For any class of ATCRBS or any class
of Mode S transponders, verify that the max-
imum RF peak output power does not exceed
27.0 dbw (500 watts).
N
OTE
: The tests in (e) through (j) apply
only to Mode S transponders.
(e) Mode S Diversity Transmission Channel
Isolation: For any class of Mode S trans-
ponder that incorporates diversity operation,
verify that the RF peak output power trans-
mitted from the selected antenna exceeds
the power transmitted from the nonselected
antenna by at least 20 db.
(f) Mode S Address: Interrogate the Mode S
transponder and verify that it replies only to
its assigned address. Use the correct address
and at least two incorrect addresses. The in-
terrogations should be made at a nominal
rate of 50 interrogations per second.
(g) Mode S Formats: Interrogate the Mode
S transponder with uplink formats (UF) for
which it is equipped and verify that the re-
plies are made in the correct format. Use the
surveillance formats UF = 4 and 5. Verify
that the altitude reported in the replies to
UF = 4 are the same as that reported in a
valid ATCRBS Mode C reply. Verify that the
identity reported in the replies to UF = 5 are
the same as that reported in a valid ATCRBS
Mode 3/A reply. If the transponder is so
equipped, use the communication formats
UF = 20, 21, and 24.
(h) Mode S All-Call Interrogations: Inter-
rogate the Mode S transponder with the
Mode S-only all-call format UF = 11 and
verify that the correct address and capa-
bility are reported in the replies (downlink
format DF = 11).
(i) ATCRBS-Only All-Call Interrogation:
Interrogate the Mode S transponder with the
ATCRBS-only all-call interrogation (0.8
microsecond P
4
pulse) and verify that no
reply is generated.
(j) Squitter: Verify that the Mode S trans-
ponder generates a correct acquisition
squitter approximately once per second.
(k) Records: Comply with the provisions of
§ 43.9 of this chapter as to content, form, and
disposition of the records.
[Amdt. 43–26, 52 FR 3390, Feb. 3, 1987; 52 FR
6651, Mar. 4, 1987, as amended by Amdt. 43–31,
54 FR 34330, Aug. 18, 1989; Amdt. 43–53, 88 FR
71476, Oct. 17, 2023]
PART 45—IDENTIFICATION AND
REGISTRATION MARKING
Subpart A—General
Sec.
45.1
Applicability.
Subpart B—Marking of Products and
Articles
45.10
Marking.
45.11
Marking of products.
45.13
Identification data.
45.15
Marking requirements for PMA arti-
cles, TSO articles, and Critical parts.
45.16
Marking of life-limited parts.
Subpart C—Nationality and Registration
Marks
45.21
General.
45.22
Exhibition, antique, and other air-
craft: Special rules.
45.23
Display of marks; general.
45.25
Location of marks on fixed-wing air-
craft.
45.27
Location of marks; nonfixed-wing air-
craft.
45.29
Size of marks.
45.31
Marking of export aircraft.
45.33
Sale of aircraft; removal of marks.
A
UTHORITY
: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40103,
40113–40114, 44101–44105, 44107–44111, 44504,
44701, 44708–44709, 44711–44713, 44725, 45302–
45303, 46104, 46304, 46306, 47122.
S
OURCE
: Docket No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar.
11, 1964, unless otherwise noted.
E
DITORIAL
N
OTE
: Nomenclature changes to
part 45 appear at 74 FR 53394, Oct. 16, 2009.
Subpart A—General
§ 45.1
Applicability.
This part prescribes the requirements
for—
(a) Marking products and articles
manufactured under—
(1) A type certificate;
(2) A production approval as defined
under part 21 of this chapter; and
(3) The provisions of an agreement
between the United States and another
country or jurisdiction for the accept-
ance of products and articles; and
(b) Nationality and registration
marking of aircraft registered in the
VerDate Sep<11>2014
09:06 Jun 28, 2024
Jkt 262046
PO 00000
Frm 00872
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Y:\SGML\262046.XXX
262046
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with CFR
863
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 45.11
United States in accordance with part
47.
[Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 45–3, 32 FR 188, Jan. 10,
1967; Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53394, Oct. 16, 2009;
Doc. No. FAA–2015–7396, Amdt. 45–30, 80 FR
78645, Dec. 16, 2015]
Subpart B—Marking of Products
and Articles
§ 45.10
Marking.
No person may mark a product or ar-
ticle in accordance with this subpart
unless—
(a) That person produced the product
or article —
(1) Under part 21, subpart F, G, K, or
O of this chapter; or
(2) For export to the United States
under the provisions of an agreement
between the United States and another
country or jurisdiction for the accept-
ance of products and articles; and
(b) That product or article conforms
to its approved design, and is in a con-
dition for safe operation; and, for a
TSO article; that TSO article meets
the applicable performance standards.
[Doc. No. FAA–2006–25877, Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR
53394, Oct. 16, 2009]
§ 45.11
Marking of products.
(a)
Aircraft. A manufacturer of air-
craft covered under § 21.182 of this chap-
ter must mark each aircraft by attach-
ing a fireproof identification plate
that—
(1) Includes the information specified
in § 45.13 using an approved method of
fireproof marking;
(2) Must be secured in such a manner
that it will not likely be defaced or re-
moved during normal service, or lost or
destroyed in an accident; and
(3) Except as provided in paragraphs
(d) through (h) of this section, must be
secured to the aircraft fuselage exte-
rior so that it is legible to a person on
the ground, and must be either adja-
cent to and aft of the rear-most en-
trance door or on the fuselage surface
near the tail surfaces.
(b)
Aircraft engines. A manufacturer
of an aircraft engine produced under a
type certificate or production certifi-
cate must mark each engine by attach-
ing a fireproof identification plate.
Such plate—
(1) Must include the information
specified in § 45.13 using an approved
method of fireproof marking;
(2) Must be affixed to the engine at
an accessible location; and
(3) Must be secured in such a manner
that it will not likely be defaced or re-
moved during normal service, or lost or
destroyed in an accident.
(c)
Propellers and propeller blades and
hubs. Each person who produces a pro-
peller, propeller blade, or propeller hub
under a type certificate or production
certificate must mark each product or
part. Except for a fixed-pitch wooden
propeller, the marking must be accom-
plished using an approved fireproof
method. The marking must—
(1) Be placed on a non-critical sur-
face;
(2) Contain the information specified
in § 45.13;
(3) Not likely be defaced or removed
during normal service; and
(4) Not likely be lost or destroyed in
an accident.
(d)
Manned free balloons. A manufac-
turer of manned free balloons must
mark each balloon by attaching the
identification plate described in para-
graph (a) of this section. The plate
must be secured to the balloon enve-
lope and must be located, if prac-
ticable, where it is legible to the oper-
ator when the balloon is inflated. In
addition, the basket and heater assem-
bly must be permanently and legibly
marked with the manufacturer’s name,
part number (or equivalent), and serial
number (or equivalent).
(e)
Aircraft manufactured before March
7, 1988. The owner or operator of an air-
craft manufactured before March 7,
1988 must mark the aircraft by attach-
ing the identification plate required by
paragraph (a) of this section. The plate
must be secured at an accessible exte-
rior or interior location near an en-
trance, if the model designation and
builder’s serial number are also dis-
played on the exterior of the aircraft
fuselage. The model designation and
builder’s serial number must be—
(1) Legible to a person on the ground,
(2) Located either adjacent to and aft
of the rear-most entrance door or on
the fuselage near the tail surfaces, and
VerDate Sep<11>2014
09:06 Jun 28, 2024
Jkt 262046
PO 00000
Frm 00873
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Y:\SGML\262046.XXX
262046
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with CFR
864
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 45.13
(3) Displayed in such a manner that
they are not likely to be defaced or re-
moved during normal service.
(f) For powered parachutes and
weight-shift-control aircraft, the iden-
tification plate required by paragraph
(a) of this section must be secured to
the exterior of the aircraft fuselage so
that it is legible to a person on the
ground.
(g) The identification plate described
in paragraph (a) of this section may be
secured to the aircraft at an accessible
location near an entrance for—
(1) Aircraft produced for—
(i) Operations under part 121 of this
chapter,
(ii) Commuter operations (as defined
in § 110.2 of this chapter), or
(iii) Export.
(2) Aircraft operating under part 121
of this chapter and under an FAA-ap-
proved continuous airworthiness main-
tenance program; or
(3) Aircraft operating in commuter
air carrier operations (as defined in
§ 110.2 of this chapter) under an FAA-
approved continuous airworthiness
maintenance program.
(h)
Gliders. Paragraphs (a)(3) and (e)
of this section do not apply to gliders.
[Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53394, Oct. 16, 2009, as
amended by Amdt. 45–27, 76 FR 7486, Feb. 10,
2011; Doc. No. FAA–2013–0933, Amdt. 21–98, 80
FR 59031, Oct. 1, 2015, as amended by Amdt.
21–98A, 80 FR 59031, Dec. 17, 2015]
§ 45.13
Identification data.
(a) The identification required by
§ 45.11 (a) through (c) must include the
following information:
(1) Builder’s name.
(2) Model designation.
(3) Builder’s serial number.
(4) Type certificate number, if any.
(5) Production certificate number, if
any.
(6) For aircraft engines, the estab-
lished rating.
(7) On or after January 1, 1984, for
aircraft engines specified in part 34 of
this chapter, the date of manufacture
as defined in § 34.1 of this chapter, and
a designation, approved by the FAA,
that indicates compliance with the ap-
plicable exhaust emission provisions of
part 34 of this chapter and 40 CFR part
87. Approved designations include
COMPLY, EXEMPT, and NON–US, as
appropriate. After December 31, 2012,
approved designations also include EX-
EMPT NEW, and EXCEPTED SPARE,
as appropriate.
(i) The designation COMPLY indi-
cates that the engine is in compliance
with all of the applicable exhaust emis-
sions provisions of part 34. For any en-
gine with a rated thrust in excess of
26.7 kilonewtons (6000 pounds) which is
not used or intended for use in com-
mercial operations and which is in
compliance with the applicable provi-
sions of part 34, but does not comply
with the hydrocarbon emissions stand-
ard of § 34.21(d), the statement ‘‘May
not be used as a commercial aircraft
engine’’ must be noted in the perma-
nent powerplant record that accom-
panies the engine at the time of manu-
facture of the engine.
(ii) The designation EXEMPT indi-
cates that the engine has been granted
an exemption pursuant to the applica-
ble provision of § 34.7 (a)(1), (a)(4), (b),
(c), or (d), and an indication of the type
of exemption and the reason for the
grant must be noted in the permanent
powerplant record that accompanies
the engine from the time of manufac-
ture of the engine.
(iii) The designation NON-US indi-
cates that the engine has been granted
an exemption pursuant to § 34.7(a)(1),
and the notation ‘‘This aircraft may
not be operated within the United
States’’, or an equivalent notation ap-
proved by the FAA, must be inserted in
the aircraft logbook, or alternate
equivalent document, at the time of in-
stallation of the engine.
(iv) The designation EXEMPT NEW
indicates that the engine has been
granted an exemption pursuant to the
applicable provision of § 34.7(h) of this
chapter; the designation must be noted
in the permanent powerplant record
that accompanies the engine from the
time of its manufacture.
(v) The designation EXCEPTED
SPARE indicates that the engine has
been excepted pursuant to the applica-
ble provision of § 34.9(b) of this chapter;
the designation must be noted in the
permanent powerplant record that ac-
companies the engine from the time of
its manufacture.
(8) Any other information the FAA
finds appropriate.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
09:06 Jun 28, 2024
Jkt 262046
PO 00000
Frm 00874
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Y:\SGML\262046.XXX
262046
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with CFR
865
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 45.21
(b) Except as provided in paragraph
(d)(1) of this section, no person may re-
move, change, or place identification
information required by paragraph (a)
of this section, on any aircraft, aircraft
engine, propeller, propeller blade, or
propeller hub, without the approval of
the FAA.
(c) Except as provided in paragraph
(d)(2) of this section, no person may re-
move or install any identification plate
required by § 45.11, without the ap-
proval of the FAA.
(d) Persons performing work under
the provisions of Part 43 of this chapter
may, in accordance with methods,
techniques, and practices acceptable to
the FAA—
(1) Remove, change, or place the
identification information required by
paragraph (a) of this section on any
aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, pro-
peller blade, or propeller hub; or
(2) Remove an identification plate re-
quired by § 45.11 when necessary during
maintenance operations.
(e) No person may install an identi-
fication plate removed in accordance
with paragraph (d)(2) of this section on
any aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller,
propeller blade, or propeller hub other
than the one from which it was re-
moved.
[Amdt. 45–3, 32 FR 188, Jan. 10, 1967, as
amended by Amdt. 45–10, 44 FR 45379, Aug. 2,
1979; Amdt. 45–12, 45 FR 60183, Sept. 11, 1980;
Amdt. 45–20, 55 FR 32861, Aug. 10, 1990; 55 FR
37287, Sept. 10, 1990; Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53395,
Oct. 16, 2009; Amdt. 45–28, 77 FR 76854, Dec. 31,
2012]
§ 45.15
Marking requirements for PMA
articles, TSO articles, and Critical
parts.
(a)
PMA articles. The manufacturer of
a PMA article must permanently and
legibly mark—
(1) Each PMA article, with the PMA
holder’s name, trademark, symbol, or
other FAA approved identification and
part number; and
(2) The letters ‘‘FAA–PMA’’.
(b)
TSO articles. The manufacturer of
a TSO article must permanently and
legibly mark —
(1) Each TSO article with the TSO
holder’s name, trademark, symbol, or
other FAA approved identification and
part number; and
(2) Each TSO article, unless other-
wise specified in the applicable TSO,
with the TSO number and letter of des-
ignation, all markings specifically re-
quired by the applicable TSO, and the
serial number or the date of manufac-
ture of the article or both.
(c)
Critical parts. Each person who
manufactures a part for which a re-
placement time, inspection interval, or
related procedure is specified in the
Airworthiness Limitations section of a
manufacturer’s maintenance manual or
Instructions for Continued Airworthi-
ness must permanently and legibly
mark that part with a serial number
(or equivalent) unique to that part in
addition to the other applicable re-
quirements of this section.
(d) If the FAA finds a part or article
is too small or otherwise impractical
to mark with any of the information
required by this part, the manufacturer
must attach that information to the
part or its container.
[Doc. No. FAA–2006–25877, 74 FR 53395, Oct.
16, 2009]
§ 45.16
Marking of life-limited parts.
When requested by a person required
to comply with § 43.10 of this chapter,
the holder of a type certificate or de-
sign approval for a life-limited part
must provide marking instructions, or
must state that the part cannot be
practicably marked without compro-
mising its integrity.
[Doc. No. FAA–200–8017, 67 FR 2110, Jan. 15,
2002, as amended by Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53395,
Oct. 16, 2009]
Subpart C—Nationality and
Registration Marks
§ 45.21
General.
(a) Except as provided in § 45.22, no
person may operate a U.S.-registered
aircraft unless that aircraft displays
nationality and registration marks in
accordance with the requirements of
this section and §§ 45.23 through 45.33.
(b) Unless otherwise authorized by
the FAA, no person may place on any
aircraft a design, mark, or symbol that
modifies or confuses the nationality
and registration marks.
(c) Aircraft nationality and registra-
tion marks must—
VerDate Sep<11>2014
09:06 Jun 28, 2024
Jkt 262046
PO 00000
Frm 00875
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Y:\SGML\262046.XXX
262046
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with CFR
866
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 45.22
(1) Except as provided in paragraph
(d) of this section, be painted on the
aircraft or affixed by any other means
insuring a similar degree of perma-
nence;
(2) Have no ornamentation;
(3) Contrast in color with the back-
ground; and
(4) Be legible.
(d) The aircraft nationality and reg-
istration marks may be affixed to an
aircraft with readily removable mate-
rial if—
(1) It is intended for immediate deliv-
ery to a foreign purchaser;
(2) It is bearing a temporary registra-
tion number; or
(3) It is marked temporarily to meet
the requirements of § 45.22(c)(1) or
§ 45.29(h) of this part, or both.
[Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45–5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12,
1968, as amended by Amdt. 45–17, 52 FR 34102,
Sept. 9, 1987]
§ 45.22
Exhibition, antique, and other
aircraft: Special rules.
(a) When display of aircraft nation-
ality and registration marks in accord-
ance with §§ 45.21 and 45.23 through 45.33
would be inconsistent with exhibition
of that aircraft, a U.S.-registered air-
craft may be operated without dis-
playing those marks anywhere on the
aircraft if:
(1) It is operated for the purpose of
exhibition, including a motion picture
or television production, or an airshow;
(2) Except for practice and test fights
necessary for exhibition purposes, it is
operated only at the location of the ex-
hibition, between the exhibition loca-
tions, and between those locations and
the base of operations of the aircraft;
and
(3) For each flight in the United
States:
(i) It is operated with the prior ap-
proval of the responsible Flight Stand-
ards office, in the case of a flight with-
in the lateral boundaries of the surface
areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or
Class E airspace designated for the
takeoff airport, or within 4.4 nautical
miles of that airport if it is within
Class G airspace; or
(ii) It is operated under a flight plan
filed under either § 91.153 or § 91.169 of
this chapter describing the marks it
displays, in the case of any other
flight.
(b) A small U.S.-registered aircraft
built at least 30 years ago or a U.S.-
registered aircraft for which an experi-
mental certificate has been issued
under § 21.191(d) or 21.191(g) for oper-
ation as an exhibition aircraft or as an
amateur-built aircraft and which has
the same external configuration as an
aircraft built at least 30 years ago may
be operated without displaying marks
in accordance with §§ 45.21 and 45.23
through 45.33 if:
(1) It displays in accordance with
§ 45.21(c) marks at least 2 inches high
on each side of the fuselage or vertical
tail surface consisting of the Roman
capital letter ‘‘N’’ followed by:
(i) The U.S. registration number of
the aircraft; or
(ii) The symbol appropriate to the
airworthiness certificate of the aircraft
(‘‘C’’, standard; ‘‘R’’, restricted; ‘‘L’’,
limited; or ‘‘X’’, experimental) followed
by the U.S. registration number of the
aircraft; and
(2) It displays no other mark that be-
gins with the letter ‘‘N’’ anywhere on
the aircraft, unless it is the same mark
that is displayed under paragraph (b)(1)
of this section.
(c) No person may operate an aircraft
under paragraph (a) or (b) of this sec-
tion—
(1) In an ADIZ or DEWIZ described in
Part 99 of this chapter unless it tempo-
rarily bears marks in accordance with
§§ 45.21 and 45.23 through 45.33;
(2) In a foreign country unless that
country consents to that operation; or
(3) In any operation conducted under
Part 121, 133, 135, or 137 of this chapter.
(d) If, due to the configuration of an
aircraft, it is impossible for a person to
mark it in accordance with §§ 45.21 and
45.23 through 45.33, he may apply to the
FAA for a different marking procedure.
[Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45–5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12,
1968, as amended by Amdt. 45–13, 46 FR 48603,
Oct. 1, 1981; Amdt. 45–19, 54 FR 39291, Sept. 25,
1989; Amdt. 45–18, 54 FR 34330, Aug. 18, 1989;
Amdt. 45–21, 56 FR 65653, Dec. 17, 1991; Amdt.
45–22, 66 FR 21066, Apr. 27, 2001; Doc. No.
FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 45–31, 83 FR 9170, Mar.
5, 2018]
VerDate Sep<11>2014
09:06 Jun 28, 2024
Jkt 262046
PO 00000
Frm 00876
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Y:\SGML\262046.XXX
262046
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with CFR
867
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 45.29
§ 45.23
Display of marks; general.
(a) Each operator of an aircraft must
display on that aircraft marks con-
sisting of the Roman capital letter ‘‘N’’
(denoting United States registration)
followed by the registration number of
the aircraft. Each suffix letter used in
the marks displayed must also be a
Roman capital letter.
(b) When marks include only the
Roman capital letter ‘‘N’’ and the reg-
istration number is displayed on lim-
ited, restricted or light-sport category
aircraft or experimental or provision-
ally certificated aircraft, the operator
must also display on that aircraft near
each entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or
pilot station, in letters not less than 2
inches nor more than 6 inches high, the
words ‘‘limited,’’ ‘‘restricted,’’ ‘‘light-
sport,’’ ‘‘experimental,’’ or ‘‘provi-
sional,’’ as applicable.
[Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45–5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12,
1968, as amended by Amdt. 45–9, 42 FR 41102,
Aug. 15, 1977; Amdt. 45–24, 69 FR 44863, July
27, 2004]
§ 45.25
Location of marks on fixed-
wing aircraft.
(a) The operator of a fixed-wing air-
craft must display the required marks
on either the vertical tail surfaces or
the sides of the fuselage, except as pro-
vided in § 45.29(f).
(b) The marks required by paragraph
(a) of this section must be displayed as
follows:
(1) If displayed on the vertical tail
surfaces, horizontally on both surfaces,
horizontally on both surfaces of a sin-
gle vertical tail or on the outer sur-
faces of a multivertical tail. However,
on aircraft on which marks at least 3
inches high may be displayed in ac-
cordance with § 45.29(b)(1), the marks
may be displayed vertically on the
vertical tail surfaces.
(2) If displayed on the fuselage sur-
faces, horizontally on both sides of the
fuselage between the trailing edge of
the wing and the leading edge of the
horizontal stabilizer. However, if en-
gine pods or other appurtenances are
located in this area and are an integral
part of the fuselage side surfaces, the
operator may place the marks on those
pods or appurtenances.
[Amdt. 45–9, 42 FR 41102, Aug. 15, 1977]
§ 45.27
Location of marks; nonfixed-
wing aircraft.
(a)
Rotorcraft. Each operator of a
rotorcraft must display on that rotor-
craft horizontally on both surfaces of
the cabin, fuselage, boom, or tail the
marks required by § 45.23.
(b)
Airships. Each operator of an air-
ship must display on that airship the
marks required by § 45.23, horizontally
on—
(1) The upper surface of the right hor-
izontal stabilizer and on the under sur-
face of the left horizontal stabilizer
with the top of the marks toward the
leading edge of each stabilizer; and
(2) Each side of the bottom half of
the vertical stabilizer.
(c)
Spherical balloons. Each operator
of a spherical balloon must display the
marks required by § 45.23 in two places
diametrically opposite and near the
maximum horizontal circumference of
that balloon.
(d)
Nonspherical balloons. Each oper-
ator of a nonspherical balloon must
display the marks required by § 45.23 on
each side of the balloon near its max-
imum cross section and immediately
above either the rigging band or the
points of attachment of the basket or
cabin suspension cables.
(e)
Powered parachutes and weight-
shift-control aircraft. Each operator of a
powered parachute or a weight-shift-
control aircraft must display the
marks required by §§ 45.23 and
45.29(b)(2) of this part. The marks must
be displayed in two diametrically oppo-
site positions on the fuselage, a struc-
tural member, or a component of the
aircraft and must be visible from the
side of the aircraft.
[Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 45–15, 48 FR 11392, Mar. 17,
1983; Amdt. 45–24, 69 FR 44863, July 27, 2004;
Amdt. 45–25, 72 FR 52469, Sept. 14, 2007]
§ 45.29
Size of marks.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(f) of this section, each operator of an
aircraft must display marks on the air-
craft meeting the size requirements of
this section.
(b)
Height. Except as provided in
paragraph (h) of this part, the nation-
ality and registration marks must be
of equal height and on—
VerDate Sep<11>2014
09:06 Jun 28, 2024
Jkt 262046
PO 00000
Frm 00877
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Y:\SGML\262046.XXX
262046
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with CFR
868
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 45.31
(1) Fixed-wing aircraft, must be at
least 12 inches high, except that:
(i) An aircraft displaying marks at
least 2 inches high before November 1,
1981 and an aircraft manufactured after
November 2, 1981, but before January 1,
1983, may display those marks until the
aircraft is repainted or the marks are
repainted, restored, or changed;
(ii) Marks at least 3 inches high may
be displayed on a glider;
(iii) Marks at least 3 inches high may
be displayed on an aircraft for which
the FAA has issued an experimental
certificate under § 21.191 (d), § 21.191 (g),
or § 21.191 (i) of this chapter to operate
as an exhibition aircraft, an amateur-
built aircraft, or a light-sport aircraft
when the maximum cruising speed of
the aircraft does not exceed 180 knots
CAS; and
(iv) Marks may be displayed on an
exhibition, antique, or other aircraft in
accordance with § 45.22.
(2) Airships, spherical balloons, non-
spherical balloons, powered parachutes,
and weight-shift-control aircraft must
be at least 3 inches high; and
(3) Rotorcraft, must be at least 12
inches high, except that rotorcraft dis-
playing before April 18, 1983, marks re-
quired by § 45.29(b)(3) in effect on April
17, 1983, and rotorcraft manufactured
on or after April 18, 1983, but before De-
cember 31, 1983, may display those
marks until the aircraft is repainted or
the marks are repainted, restored, or
changed.
(c)
Width. Characters must be two-
thirds as wide as they are high, except
the number ‘‘1’’, which must be one-
sixth as wide as it is high, and the let-
ters ‘‘M’’ and ‘‘W’’ which may be as
wide as they are high.
(d)
Thickness. Characters must be
formed by solid lines one-sixth as thick
as the character is high.
(e)
Spacing. The space between each
character may not be less than one-
fourth of the character width.
(f) If either one of the surfaces au-
thorized for displaying required marks
under § 45.25 is large enough for display
of marks meeting the size require-
ments of this section and the other is
not, full size marks must be placed on
the larger surface. If neither surface is
large enough for full-size marks, marks
as large as practicable must be dis-
played on the larger of the two sur-
faces. If no surface authorized to be
marked by § 45.27 is large enough for
full-size marks, marks as large as prac-
ticable must be placed on the largest of
the authorized surfaces. However, pow-
ered parachutes and weight-shift-con-
trol aircraft must display marks at
least 3 inches high.
(g)
Uniformity. The marks required by
this part for fixed-wing aircraft must
have the same height, width, thick-
ness, and spacing on both sides of the
aircraft.
(h) After March 7, 1988, each operator
of an aircraft penetrating an ADIZ or
DEWIZ must display on that aircraft
temporary or permanent nationality
and registration marks at least 12
inches high.
[Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as
amended by Amdt. 45–2, 31 FR 9863, July 21,
1966; Amdt. 45–9, 42 FR 41102, Aug. 15, 1977;
Amdt. 45–13, 46 FR 48604, Oct. 1, 1981; Amdt.
45–15, 48 FR 11392, Mar. 17, 1983; Amdt. 45–17,
52 FR 34102, Sept. 9, 1987; 52 FR 36566, Sept.
30, 1987; Amdt. 45–24, 69 FR 44863, July 27,
2004; Amdt. 45–25, 72 FR 52469, Sept. 14, 2007]
§ 45.31
Marking of export aircraft.
A person who manufactures an air-
craft in the United States for delivery
outside thereof may display on that
aircraft any marks required by the
State of registry of the aircraft. How-
ever, no person may operate an aircraft
so marked within the United States,
except for test and demonstration
flights for a limited period of time, or
while in necessary transit to the pur-
chaser.
§ 45.33
Sale of aircraft; removal of
marks.
When an aircraft that is registered in
the United States is sold, the holder of
the Certificate of Aircraft Registration
must remove, before its delivery to the
purchaser, all United States marks
from the aircraft, unless the purchaser
is—
(a) A citizen of the United States;
(b) An individual citizen of a foreign
country who is lawfully admitted for
permanent residence in the United
States; or
(c) When the aircraft is to be based
and primarily used in the United
VerDate Sep<11>2014
09:06 Jun 28, 2024
Jkt 262046
PO 00000
Frm 00878
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Y:\SGML\262046.XXX
262046
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with CFR
869
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 47.2
States, a corporation (other than a cor-
poration which is a citizen of the
United States) lawfully organized and
doing business under the laws of the
United States or any State thereof.
[Amdt. 45–11, 44 FR 61938, Oct. 29, 1979]
PART 47—AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION
Subpart A—General
Sec.
47.1
Applicability.
47.2
Definitions.
47.3
Registration required.
47.5
Applicants.
47.7
United States citizens and resident
aliens.
47.8
Voting trusts.
47.9
Corporations not U.S. citizens.
47.11
Evidence of ownership.
47.13
Signatures and instruments made by
representatives.
47.14
Serial numbers for unmanned aircraft.
47.15
Registration number.
47.16
Temporary registration numbers.
47.17
Fees.
47.19
Registry.
Subpart B—Certificates of Aircraft
Registration
47.31
Application.
47.33
Aircraft not previously registered any-
where.
47.35
Aircraft last previously registered in
the United States.
47.37
Aircraft last previously registered in a
foreign country.
47.39
Effective date of registration.
47.40
Registration expiration and renewal.
47.41
Duration and return of Certificate.
47.43
Invalid registration.
47.45
Change of address.
47.47
Cancellation of Certificate for export
purpose.
47.49
Replacement of Certificate.
47.51
[Reserved]
Subpart C—Dealers’ Aircraft Registration
Certificate
47.61
Dealer’s Aircraft Registration Certifi-
cates.
47.63
Application.
47.65
Eligibility.
47.67
Evidence of ownership.
47.69
Limitations.
47.71
Duration of Certificate; change of sta-
tus.
A
UTHORITY
: 4 U.S.T. 1830; Pub. L. 115–254,
Pub. L. 108–297, 118 Stat. 1095 (49 U.S.C. 40101
note, 49 U.S.C. 44101 note); 49 U.S.C. 106(f),
106(g), 40113–40114, 44101–44108, 44110–44113,
44703–44704, 44713, 45302, 46104, 46301.
S
OURCE
: Docket No. 7190, 31 FR 4495, Mar.
17, 1966, unless otherwise noted.
E
DITORIAL
N
OTE
: Nomenclature changes to
part 47 appear at 75 FR 41979, July 20, 2010.
Subpart A—General
§ 47.1
Applicability.
This part prescribes the requirements
for registering aircraft under 49 U.S.C.
44101–44104. Subpart B applies to each
applicant for, and holder of, a Certifi-
cate of Aircraft Registration, AC
Form8050–3. Subpart C applies to each
applicant for, and holder of, a Dealer’s
Aircraft Registration Certificate, AC
Form 8050–6.
[Amdt. 47–29, 75 FR 41979, July 20, 2010]
§ 47.2
Definitions.
The following are definitions of
terms used in this part:
Citizen of the United States or U.S. cit-
izen means one of the following:
(1) An individual who is a citizen of
the United States or one of its posses-
sions.
(2) A partnership each of whose part-
ners is an individual who is a citizen of
the United States.
(3) A corporation or association orga-
nized under the laws of the United
States or a State, the District of Co-
lumbia, or a territory or possession of
the United States, of which the presi-
dent and at least two-thirds of the
board of directors and other managing
officers are citizens of the United
States, which is under the actual con-
trol of citizens of the United States,
and in which at least 75 percent of the
voting interest is owned or controlled
by persons that are citizens of the
United States.
Registry means the FAA, Civil Avia-
tion Registry, Aircraft Registration
Branch.
Resident alien means an individual
citizen of a foreign country lawfully
admitted for permanent residence in
the United States as an immigrant in
conformity with the regulations of the
Department of Homeland Security (8
CFR Chapter 1).
[Doc. No. FAA–2015–7396; Amdt. 47–30, 80 FR
78645, Dec. 16, 2015]
VerDate Sep<11>2014
09:06 Jun 28, 2024
Jkt 262046
PO 00000
Frm 00879
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Y:\SGML\262046.XXX
262046
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with CFR