540
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 61.109
(v) Performance maneuvers;
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;
(vii) Navigation;
(viii) Slow flight and stalls;
(ix) Night operations, except as pro-
vided in § 61.110;
(x) Emergency operations; and
(xi) Post-flight procedures.
[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as
amended by Amdt. 61–110, 69 FR 44868, July
27, 2004]
§ 61.109
Aeronautical experience.
(a)
For an airplane single-engine rat-
ing. Except as provided in paragraph
(k) of this section, a person who applies
for a private pilot certificate with an
airplane category and single-engine
class rating must log at least 40 hours
of flight time that includes at least 20
hours of flight training from an au-
thorized instructor and 10 hours of solo
flight training in the areas of operation
listed in § 61.107(b)(1) of this part, and
the training must include at least—
(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in a single-engine airplane;
(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of
this part, 3 hours of night flight train-
ing in a single-engine airplane that in-
cludes—
(i) One cross-country flight of over
100 nautical miles total distance; and
(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a
full stop (with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern) at an air-
port.
(3) 3 hours of flight training in a sin-
gle-engine airplane on the control and
maneuvering of an airplane solely by
reference to instruments, including
straight and level flight, constant air-
speed climbs and descents, turns to a
heading, recovery from unusual flight
attitudes, radio communications, and
the use of navigation systems/facilities
and radar services appropriate to in-
strument flight;
(4) 3 hours of flight training with an
authorized instructor in a single-en-
gine airplane in preparation for the
practical test, which must have been
performed within the preceding 2 cal-
endar months from the month of the
test; and
(5) 10 hours of solo flight time in a
single-engine airplane, consisting of at
least—
(i) 5 hours of solo cross-country time;
(ii) One solo cross country flight of
150 nautical miles total distance, with
full-stop landings at three points, and
one segment of the flight consisting of
a straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles between the takeoff and
landing locations; and
(iii) Three takeoffs and three land-
ings to a full stop (with each landing
involving a flight in the traffic pat-
tern) at an airport with an operating
control tower.
(b)
For an airplane multiengine rating.
Except as provided in paragraph (k) of
this section, a person who applies for a
private pilot certificate with an air-
plane category and multiengine class
rating must log at least 40 hours of
flight time that includes at least 20
hours of flight training from an au-
thorized instructor and 10 hours of solo
flight training in the areas of operation
listed in § 61.107(b)(2) of this part, and
the training must include at least—
(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in a multiengine airplane;
(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of
this part, 3 hours of night flight train-
ing in a multiengine airplane that in-
cludes—
(i) One cross-country flight of over
100 nautical miles total distance; and
(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a
full stop (with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern) at an air-
port.
(3) 3 hours of flight training in a mul-
tiengine airplane on the control and
maneuvering of an airplane solely by
reference to instruments, including
straight and level flight, constant air-
speed climbs and descents, turns to a
heading, recovery from unusual flight
attitudes, radio communications, and
the use of navigation systems/facilities
and radar services appropriate to in-
strument flight;
(4) 3 hours of flight training with an
authorized instructor in a multiengine
airplane in preparation for the prac-
tical test, which must have been per-
formed within the preceding 2 calendar
months from the month of the test;
and
(5) 10 hours of solo flight time in an
airplane consisting of at least—
(i) 5 hours of solo cross-country time;
(ii) One solo cross country flight of
150 nautical miles total distance, with
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§ 61.109
full-stop landings at three points, and
one segment of the flight consisting of
a straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles between the takeoff and
landing locations; and
(iii) Three takeoffs and three land-
ings to a full stop (with each landing
involving a flight in the traffic pat-
tern) at an airport with an operating
control tower.
(c)
For a helicopter rating. Except as
provided in paragraph (k) of this sec-
tion, a person who applies for a private
pilot certificate with rotorcraft cat-
egory and helicopter class rating must
log at least 40 hours of flight time that
includes at least 20 hours of flight
training from an authorized instructor
and 10 hours of solo flight training in
the areas of operation listed in
§ 61.107(b)(3) of this part, and the train-
ing must include at least—
(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in a helicopter;
(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of
this part, 3 hours of night flight train-
ing in a helicopter that includes—
(i) One cross-country flight of over 50
nautical miles total distance; and
(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a
full stop (with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern) at an air-
port.
(3) 3 hours of flight training with an
authorized instructor in a helicopter in
preparation for the practical test,
which must have been performed with-
in the preceding 2 calendar months
from the month of the test; and
(4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a
helicopter, consisting of at least—
(i) 3 hours cross-country time;
(ii) One solo cross country flight of
100 nautical miles total distance, with
landings at three points, and one seg-
ment of the flight being a straight-line
distance of more than 25 nautical miles
between the takeoff and landing loca-
tions; and
(iii) Three takeoffs and three land-
ings to a full stop (with each landing
involving a flight in the traffic pat-
tern) at an airport with an operating
control tower.
(d)
For a gyroplane rating. Except as
provided in paragraph (k) of this sec-
tion, a person who applies for a private
pilot certificate with rotorcraft cat-
egory and gyroplane class rating must
log at least 40 hours of flight time that
includes at least 20 hours of flight
training from an authorized instructor
and 10 hours of solo flight training in
the areas of operation listed in
§ 61.107(b)(4) of this part, and the train-
ing must include at least—
(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in a gyroplane;
(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of
this part, 3 hours of night flight train-
ing in a gyroplane that includes—
(i) One cross-country flight of over 50
nautical miles total distance; and
(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a
full stop (with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern) at an air-
port.
(3) 3 hours of flight training with an
authorized instructor in a gyroplane in
preparation for the practical test,
which must have been performed with-
in the preceding 2 calendar months
from the month of the test; and
(4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a
gyroplane, consisting of at least—
(i) 3 hours of cross-country time;
(ii) One solo cross country flight of
100 nautical miles total distance, with
landings at three points, and one seg-
ment of the flight being a straight-line
distance of more than 25 nautical miles
between the takeoff and landing loca-
tions; and
(iii) Three takeoffs and three land-
ings to a full stop (with each landing
involving a flight in the traffic pat-
tern) at an airport with an operating
control tower.
(e)
For a powered-lift rating. Except as
provided in paragraph (k) of this sec-
tion, a person who applies for a private
pilot certificate with a powered-lift
category rating must log at least 40
hours of flight time that includes at
least 20 hours of flight training from an
authorized instructor and 10 hours of
solo flight training in the areas of op-
eration listed in § 61.107(b)(5) of this
part, and the training must include at
least—
(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in a powered-lift;
(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of
this part, 3 hours of night flight train-
ing in a powered-lift that includes—
(i) One cross-country flight of over
100 nautical miles total distance; and
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§ 61.109
(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a
full stop (with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern) at an air-
port.
(3) 3 hours of flight training in a pow-
ered-lift on the control and maneu-
vering of a powered-lift solely by ref-
erence to instruments, including
straight and level flight, constant air-
speed climbs and descents, turns to a
heading, recovery from unusual flight
attitudes, radio communications, and
the use of navigation systems/facilities
and radar services appropriate to in-
strument flight;
(4) 3 hours of flight training with an
authorized instructor in a powered-lift
in preparation for the practical test,
which must have been performed with-
in the preceding 2 calendar months
from the month of the test; and
(5) 10 hours of solo flight time in an
airplane or powered-lift consisting of
at least—
(i) 5 hours cross-country time;
(ii) One solo cross country flight of
150 nautical miles total distance, with
full-stop landings at three points, and
one segment of the flight consisting of
a straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles between the takeoff and
landing locations; and
(iii) Three takeoffs and three land-
ings to a full stop (with each landing
involving a flight in the traffic pat-
tern) at an airport with an operating
control tower.
(f)
For a glider category rating. (1) If
the applicant for a private pilot certifi-
cate with a glider category rating has
not logged at least 40 hours of flight
time as a pilot in a heavier-than-air
aircraft, the applicant must log at
least 10 hours of flight time in a glider
in the areas of operation listed in
§ 61.107(b)(6) of this part, and that flight
time must include at least—
(i) 20 flights in a glider in the areas of
operations listed in § 61.107(b)(6) of this
part, including at least 3 training
flights with an authorized instructor in
a glider in preparation for the practical
test that must have been performed
within the preceding 2 calendar months
from the month of the test; and
(ii) 2 hours of solo flight time in a
glider in the areas of operation listed
in § 61.107(b)(6) of this part, with not
less than 10 launches and landings
being performed.
(2) If the applicant has logged at
least 40 hours of flight time in a heav-
ier-than-air aircraft, the applicant
must log at least 3 hours of flight time
in a glider in the areas of operation
listed in § 61.107(b)(6) of this part, and
that flight time must include at least—
(i) 10 solo flights in a glider in the
areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(6)
of this part; and
(ii) 3 training flights with an author-
ized instructor in a glider in prepara-
tion for the practical test that must
have been performed within the pre-
ceding 2 calendar months from the
month of the test.
(g)
For an airship rating. A person who
applies for a private pilot certificate
with a lighter-than-air category and
airship class rating must log at least:
(1) 25 hours of flight training in air-
ships on the areas of operation listed in
§ 61.107(b)(7) of this part, which consists
of at least:
(i) 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in an airship;
(ii) Except as provided in § 61.110 of
this part, 3 hours of night flight train-
ing in an airship that includes:
(A) A cross-country flight of over 25
nautical miles total distance; and
(B) Five takeoffs and five landings to
a full stop (with each landing involving
a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport.
(2) 3 hours of flight training in an air-
ship on the control and maneuvering of
an airship solely by reference to instru-
ments, including straight and level
flight, constant airspeed climbs and de-
scents, turns to a heading, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, radio
communications, and the use of navi-
gation systems/facilities and radar
services appropriate to instrument
flight;
(3) Three hours of flight training
with an authorized instructor in an air-
ship in preparation for the practical
test within the preceding 2 calendar
months from the month of the test;
and
(4) 5 hours performing the duties of
pilot in command in an airship with an
authorized instructor.
(h)
For a balloon rating. A person who
applies for a private pilot certificate
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§ 61.109
with a lighter-than-air category and
balloon class rating must log at least
10 hours of flight training that includes
at least six training flights with an au-
thorized instructor in the areas of op-
eration listed in § 61.107(b)(8) of this
part, that includes—
(1)
Gas balloon. If the training is
being performed in a gas balloon, at
least two flights of 2 hours each that
consists of—
(i) At least one training flight with
an authorized instructor in a gas bal-
loon in preparation for the practical
test within the preceding 2 calendar
months from the month of the test;
(ii) At least one flight performing the
duties of pilot in command in a gas bal-
loon with an authorized instructor; and
(iii) At least one flight involving a
controlled ascent to 3,000 feet above
the launch site.
(2)
Balloon with an airborne heater. If
the training is being performed in a
balloon with an airborne heater, at
least—
(i) At least two training flights of 1
hour each with an authorized instruc-
tor in a balloon with an airborne heat-
er in preparation for the practical test
within the preceding 2 calendar months
from the month of the test;
(ii) One solo flight in a balloon with
an airborne heater; and
(iii) At least one flight involving a
controlled ascent to 2,000 feet above
the launch site.
(i)
For a powered parachute rating. A
person who applies for a private pilot
certificate with a powered parachute
category rating must log at least 25
hours of flight time in a powered para-
chute that includes at least 10 hours of
flight training with an authorized in-
structor, including 30 takeoffs and
landings, and 10 hours of solo flight
training in the areas of operation listed
in § 61.107 (b)(9) and the training must
include at least—
(1) One hour of cross-country flight
training in a powered parachute that
includes a 1-hour cross-country flight
with a landing at an airport at least 25
nautical miles from the airport of de-
parture;
(2) Except as provided in § 61.110, 3
hours of night flight training in a pow-
ered parachute that includes 10 take-
offs and landings (with each landing in-
volving a flight in the traffic pattern)
at an airport;
(3) Three hours of flight training
with an authorized instructor in a pow-
ered parachute in preparation for the
practical test, which must have been
performed within the preceding 2 cal-
endar months from the month of the
test;
(4) Three hours of solo flight time in
a powered parachute, consisting of at
least—
(i) One solo cross-country flight with
a landing at an airport at least 25 nau-
tical miles from the departure airport;
and
(ii) Twenty solo takeoffs and land-
ings to a full stop (with each landing
involving a flight in a traffic pattern)
at an airport; and
(5) Three takeoffs and landings (with
each landing involving a flight in the
traffic pattern) in an aircraft at an air-
port with an operating control tower.
(j)
For a weight-shift-control aircraft
rating. A person who applies for a pri-
vate pilot certificate with a weight-
shift-control rating must log at least 40
hours of flight time that includes at
least 20 hours of flight training with an
authorized instructor and 10 hours of
solo flight training in the areas of op-
eration listed in § 61.107(b)(10) and the
training must include at least—
(1) Three hours of cross-country
flight training in a weight-shift-con-
trol aircraft;
(2) Except as provided in § 61.110, 3
hours of night flight training in a
weight-shift-control aircraft that in-
cludes—
(i) One cross-country flight of over 75
nautical miles total distance that in-
cludes a point of landing that is a
straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles from the original point
of departure; and
(ii) Ten takeoffs and landings (with
each landing involving a flight in the
traffic pattern) at an airport;
(3) Three hours of flight training
with an authorized instructor in a
weight-shift-control aircraft in prepa-
ration for the practical test, which
must have been performed within the
preceding 2 calendar months from the
month of the test;
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§ 61.110
(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a
weight-shift-control aircraft, con-
sisting of at least—
(i) Five hours of solo cross-country
time; and
(ii) One solo cross-country flight over
100 nautical miles total distance, with
landings at a minimum of three points,
and one segment of the flight being a
straight line distance of at least 50
nautical miles between takeoff and
landing locations; and
(5) Three takeoffs and landings (with
each landing involving a flight in the
traffic pattern) in an aircraft at an air-
port with an operating control tower.
(k)
Permitted credit for use of a full
flight simulator or flight training device.
(1) Except as provided in paragraphs
(k)(2) of this section, a maximum of 2.5
hours of training in a full flight simu-
lator or flight training device rep-
resenting the category, class, and type,
if applicable, of aircraft appropriate to
the rating sought, may be credited to-
ward the flight training time required
by this section, if received from an au-
thorized instructor.
(2) A maximum of 5 hours of training
in a flight simulator or flight training
device representing the category, class,
and type, if applicable, of aircraft ap-
propriate to the rating sought, may be
credited toward the flight training
time required by this section if the
training is accomplished in a course
conducted by a training center certifi-
cated under part 142 of this chapter.
(3) Except when fewer hours are ap-
proved by the Administrator, an appli-
cant for a private pilot certificate with
an airplane, rotorcraft, or powered-lift
rating, who has satisfactorily com-
pleted an approved private pilot course
conducted by a training center certifi-
cated under part 142 of this chapter,
need only have a total of 35 hours of
aeronautical experience to meet the re-
quirements of this section.
(l)
Permitted credit for flight training
received from a flight instructor with a
sport pilot rating. The holder of a sport
pilot certificate may credit flight
training received from a flight instruc-
tor with a sport pilot rating toward the
aeronautical experience requirements
of this section if the following condi-
tions are met:
(1) The flight training was accom-
plished in the same category and class
of aircraft for which the rating is
sought;
(2) The flight instructor with a sport
pilot rating was authorized to provide
the flight training; and
(3) The flight training included ei-
ther—
(i) Training on areas of operation
that are required for both a sport pilot
certificate and a private pilot certifi-
cate; or
(ii) For airplanes with a V
H
greater
than 87 knots CAS, training on the con-
trol and maneuvering of an airplane
solely by reference to the flight instru-
ments, including straight and level
flight, turns, descents, climbs, use of
radio aids, and ATC directives, pro-
vided the training was received from a
flight instructor with a sport pilot rat-
ing who holds an endorsement required
by § 61.412(c).
[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997, as
amended by Amdt. 61–104, 63 FR 20287, Apr.
23, 1998; Amdt. 61–110, 69 FR 44868, July 27,
2004; Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 21, 2009;
Amdt. 61–124A, 74 FR 53645, Oct. 20, 2009;
Amdt. 61–125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt.
61–142, 83 FR 30278, June 27, 2018]
§ 61.110
Night flying exceptions.
(a) Subject to the limitations of
paragraph (b) of this section, a person
is not required to comply with the
night flight training requirements of
this subpart if the person receives
flight training in and resides in the
State of Alaska.
(b) A person who receives flight
training in and resides in the State of
Alaska but does not meet the night
flight training requirements of this
section:
(1) May be issued a pilot certificate
with a limitation ‘‘Night flying prohib-
ited’’; and
(2) Must comply with the appropriate
night flight training requirements of
this subpart within the 12-calendar-
month period after the issuance of the
pilot certificate. At the end of that pe-
riod, the certificate will become in-
valid for use until the person complies
with the appropriate night training re-
quirements of this subpart. The person
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