548 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 61.127 

(15) Procedures for operating within 

the National Airspace System; and 

(16) Procedures for flight and ground 

training for lighter-than-air ratings. 

§ 61.127

Flight proficiency. 

(a) 

General.  A person who applies for 

a commercial pilot certificate must re-
ceive and log ground and flight train-
ing from an authorized instructor on 
the areas of operation of this section 
that apply to the aircraft category and 
class rating sought. 

(b) 

Areas of operation. (1) For an air-

plane category rating with a single-en-
gine class rating: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and seaplane base oper-

ations; 

(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Slow flight and stalls; 
(ix) Emergency operations; 
(x) High-altitude operations; and 
(xi) Postflight procedures. 
(2) For an airplane category rating 

with a multiengine class rating: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and seaplane base oper-

ations; 

(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Navigation; 
(vii) Slow flight and stalls; 
(viii) Emergency operations; 
(ix) Multiengine operations; 
(x) High-altitude operations; and 
(xi) Postflight procedures. 
(3) For a rotorcraft category rating 

with a helicopter class rating: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and heliport operations; 
(iv) Hovering maneuvers; 
(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(vi) Performance maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Emergency operations; 
(ix) Special operations; and 
(x) Postflight procedures. 
(4) For a rotorcraft category rating 

with a gyroplane class rating: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport operations; 
(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Flight at slow airspeeds; 
(ix) Emergency operations; and 
(x) Postflight procedures. 
(5) For a powered-lift category rat-

ing: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and heliport operations; 
(iv) Hovering maneuvers; 
(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(vi) Performance maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Slow flight and stalls; 
(ix) Emergency operations; 
(x) High-altitude operations; 
(xi) Special operations; and 
(xii) Postflight procedures. 
(6) For a glider category rating: 
(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and gliderport oper-

ations; 

(iv) Launches and landings; 
(v) Performance speeds; 
(vi) Soaring techniques; 
(vii) Performance maneuvers; 
(viii) Navigation; 
(ix) Slow flight and stalls; 
(x) Emergency operations; and 
(xi) Postflight procedures. 
(7) For a lighter-than-air category 

rating with an airship class rating: 

(i) Fundamentals of instructing; 
(ii) Technical subjects; 
(iii) Preflight preparation; 
(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver 

to be performed in flight; 

(v) Preflight procedures; 
(vi) Airport operations; 
(vii) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(viii) Performance maneuvers; 
(ix) Navigation; 
(x) Emergency operations; and 
(xi) Postflight procedures. 
(8) For a lighter-than-air category 

rating with a balloon class rating: 

(i) Fundamentals of instructing; 
(ii) Technical subjects; 
(iii) Preflight preparation; 

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549 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.129 

(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver 

to be performed in flight; 

(v) Preflight procedures; 
(vi) Airport operations; 
(vii) Launches and landings; 
(viii) Performance maneuvers; 
(ix) Navigation; 
(x) Emergency operations; and 
(xi) Postflight procedures. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as 
amended by Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 
21, 2009] 

§ 61.129

Aeronautical experience. 

(a) 

For an airplane single-engine rat-

ing. Except as provided in paragraph (i) 
of this section, a person who applies for 
a commercial pilot certificate with an 
airplane category and single-engine 
class rating must log at least 250 hours 
of flight time as a pilot that consists of 
at least: 

(1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of 

which 50 hours must be in airplanes. 

(2) 100 hours of pilot-in-command 

flight time, which includes at least— 

(i) 50 hours in airplanes; and 
(ii) 50 hours in cross-country flight of 

which at least 10 hours must be in air-
planes. 

(3) 20 hours of training on the areas 

of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(1) of 
this part that includes at least— 

(i) Ten hours of instrument training 

using a view-limiting device including 
attitude instrument flying, partial 
panel skills, recovery from unusual 
flight attitudes, and intercepting and 
tracking navigational systems. Five 
hours of the 10 hours required on in-
strument training must be in a single 
engine airplane; 

(ii) 10 hours of training in a complex 

airplane, a turbine-powered airplane, 
or a technically advanced airplane 
(TAA) that meets the requirements of 
paragraph (j) of this section, or any 
combination thereof. The airplane 
must be appropriate to land or sea for 
the rating sought; 

(iii) One 2-hour cross country flight 

in a single engine airplane in daytime 
conditions that consists of a total 
straight-line distance of more than 100 
nautical miles from the original point 
of departure; 

(iv) One 2-hour cross country flight 

in a single engine airplane in night-
time conditions that consists of a total 

straight-line distance of more than 100 
nautical miles from the original point 
of departure; and 

(v) Three hours in a single-engine air-

plane with an authorized instructor in 
preparation for the practical test with-
in the preceding 2 calendar months 
from the month of the test. 

(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a 

single engine airplane or 10 hours of 
flight time performing the duties of 
pilot in command in a single engine 
airplane with an authorized instructor 
on board (either of which may be cred-
ited towards the flight time require-
ment under paragraph (a)(2) of this sec-
tion), on the areas of operation listed 
under § 61.127(b)(1) that include— 

(i) One cross-country flight of not 

less than 300 nautical miles total dis-
tance, with landings at a minimum of 
three points, one of which is a straight- 
line distance of at least 250 nautical 
miles from the original departure 
point. However, if this requirement is 
being met in Hawaii, the longest seg-
ment need only have a straight-line 
distance of at least 150 nautical miles; 
and 

(ii) 5 hours in night VFR conditions 

with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with 
each landing involving a flight in the 
traffic pattern) at an airport with an 
operating control tower. 

(b) 

For an airplane multiengine rating. 

Except as provided in paragraph (i) of 
this section, a person who applies for a 
commercial pilot certificate with an 
airplane category and multiengine 
class rating must log at least 250 hours 
of flight time as a pilot that consists of 
at least: 

(1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of 

which 50 hours must be in airplanes. 

(2) 100 hours of pilot-in-command 

flight time, which includes at least— 

(i) 50 hours in airplanes; and 
(ii) 50 hours in cross-country flight of 

which at least 10 hours must be in air-
planes. 

(3) 20 hours of training on the areas 

of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(2) of 
this part that includes at least— 

(i) Ten hours of instrument training 

using a view-limiting device including 
attitude instrument flying, partial 
panel skills, recovery from unusual 
flight attitudes, and intercepting and 
tracking navigational systems. Five 

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