title-14-part-61-sec61-155

556

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 61.155

qualify for a commercial pilot certifi-
cate, and an instrument rating if the
person is a rated military pilot or
former rated military pilot of an
Armed Force of the United States; or

(3) Holds either a foreign airline

transport pilot license with instrument
privileges, or a foreign commercial
pilot license with an instrument rat-
ing, that—

(i) Was issued by a contracting State

to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation; and

(ii) Contains no geographical limita-

tions.

(e) For an airline transport pilot cer-

tificate with an airplane category mul-
tiengine class rating or an airline
transport pilot certificate obtained
concurrently with a multiengine air-
plane type rating, receive a graduation
certificate from an authorized training
provider certifying completion of the
airline transport pilot certification
training program specified in § 61.156
before applying for the knowledge test
required by paragraph (g) of this sec-
tion;

(f) Meet the aeronautical experience

requirements of this subpart that apply
to the aircraft category and class rat-
ing sought before applying for the prac-
tical test;

(g) Pass a knowledge test on the

aeronautical knowledge areas of
§ 61.155(c) of this part that apply to the
aircraft category and class rating
sought;

(h) Pass the practical test on the

areas of operation listed in § 61.157(e) of
this part that apply to the aircraft cat-
egory and class rating sought; and

(i) Comply with the sections of this

subpart that apply to the aircraft cat-
egory and class rating sought.

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997;
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40905, July 30, 1997;
Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42559, Aug. 21, 2009;
Amdt. 61–130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013;
Amdt. 61–149, 86 FR 62087, Nov. 9, 2021]

§ 61.155

Aeronautical knowledge.

(a)

General. The knowledge test for

an airline transport pilot certificate is
based on the aeronautical knowledge
areas listed in paragraph (c) of this sec-
tion that are appropriate to the air-
craft category and class rating sought.

(b)

Aircraft type rating. A person who

is applying for an additional aircraft
type rating to be added to an airline
transport pilot certificate is not re-
quired to pass a knowledge test if that
person’s airline transport pilot certifi-
cate lists the aircraft category and
class rating that is appropriate to the
type rating sought.

(c)

Aeronautical knowledge areas. (1)

Applicable Federal Aviation Regula-
tions of this chapter that relate to air-
line transport pilot privileges, limita-
tions, and flight operations;

(2) Meteorology, including knowledge

of and effects of fronts, frontal charac-
teristics, cloud formations, icing, and
upper-air data;

(3) General system of weather and

NOTAM collection, dissemination, in-
terpretation, and use;

(4) Interpretation and use of weather

charts, maps, forecasts, sequence re-
ports, abbreviations, and symbols;

(5) National Weather Service func-

tions as they pertain to operations in
the National Airspace System;

(6) Windshear and microburst aware-

ness, identification, and avoidance;

(7) Principles of air navigation under

instrument meteorological conditions
in the National Airspace System;

(8) Air traffic control procedures and

pilot responsibilities as they relate to
en route operations, terminal area and
radar operations, and instrument de-
parture and approach procedures;

(9) Aircraft loading, weight and bal-

ance, use of charts, graphs, tables, for-
mulas, and computations, and their ef-
fect on aircraft performance;

(10) Aerodynamics relating to an air-

craft’s flight characteristics and per-
formance in normal and abnormal
flight regimes;

(11) Human factors;
(12) Aeronautical decision making

and judgment;

(13) Crew resource management to in-

clude crew communication and coordi-
nation; and

(14) For an airline transport pilot

certificate with an airplane category
multiengine class rating or an airline
transport pilot certificate obtained
concurrently with a multiengine air-
plane type rating, the content of the

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 61.157

airline transport pilot certification
training program in § 61.156.

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as
amended by Amdt. 61–130, 78 FR 42374, July
15, 2013; Amdt. 61–130C, 81 FR 2, Jan. 4, 2016;
Amdt. 61–149, 86 FR 62087, Nov. 9, 2021]

§ 61.156

Training requirements: Air-

plane category—multiengine class
or multiengine airplane type rating
concurrently with an airline trans-
port pilot certificate.

A person who applies for the knowl-

edge test for an airline transport pilot
certificate with an airplane category
multiengine class rating must present
a graduation certificate from an au-
thorized training provider under part
121, 135, 141, or 142 of this chapter certi-
fying the applicant has completed the
following training in a course approved
by the Administrator.

(a)

Academic training. The applicant

for the knowledge test must receive at
least 30 hours of classroom instruction
that includes the following:

(1) At least 8 hours of instruction on

aerodynamics including high altitude
operations;

(2) At least 2 hours of instruction on

meteorology, including adverse weath-
er phenomena and weather detection
systems; and

(3) At least 14 hours of instruction on

air carrier operations, including the
following areas:

(i) Physiology;
(ii) Communications;
(iii) Checklist philosophy;
(iv) Operational control;
(v) Minimum equipment list/configu-

ration deviation list;

(vi) Ground operations;
(vii) Turbine engines;
(viii) Transport category aircraft

performance;

(ix) Automation, navigation, and

flight path warning systems.

(4) At least 6 hours of instruction on

leadership, professional development,
crew resource management, and safety
culture.

(b)

FSTD training. The applicant for

the knowledge test must receive at
least 10 hours of training in a flight
simulation training device qualified
under part 60 of this chapter that rep-
resents a multiengine turbine airplane.
The training must include the fol-
lowing:

(1) At least 6 hours of training in a

Level C or higher full flight simulator
qualified under part 60 of this chapter
that represents a multiengine turbine
airplane with a maximum takeoff
weight of 40,000 pounds or greater. The
training must include the following
areas:

(i) Low energy states/stalls;
(ii) Upset recovery techniques; and
(iii) Adverse weather conditions, in-

cluding icing, thunderstorms, and
crosswinds with gusts.

(2) The remaining FSTD training

may be completed in a Level 4 or high-
er flight simulation training device.
The training must include the fol-
lowing areas:

(i) Navigation including flight man-

agement systems; and

(ii) Automation including autoflight.
(c)

Deviation authority. The Adminis-

trator may issue deviation authority
from the weight requirement in para-
graph (b)(1) of this section upon a de-
termination that the objectives of the
training can be met in an alternative
device.

[Doc. No. FAA–2010–0100, 78 FR 42375, July 15,
2013, as amended by Amdt. 61–149, 86 FR
62087, Nov. 9, 2021]

§ 61.157

Flight proficiency.

(a)

General. (1) The practical test for

an airline transport pilot certificate is
given for—

(i) An airplane category and single

engine class rating.

(ii) An airplane category and multi-

engine class rating.

(iii) A rotorcraft category and heli-

copter class rating.

(iv) A powered-lift category rating.
(v) An aircraft type rating.
(2) A person who is applying for an

airline transport pilot practical test
must meet—

(i) The eligibility requirements of

§ 61.153; and

(ii) The aeronautical knowledge and

aeronautical experience requirements
of this subpart that apply to the air-
craft category and class rating sought.

(b)

Aircraft type rating. Except as pro-

vided in paragraph (c) of this section, a
person who applies for an aircraft type
rating to be added to an airline trans-
port pilot certificate or applies for a