488
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 61.45
(2) Demonstrating mastery of the air-
craft by performing each task success-
fully;
(3) Demonstrating proficiency and
competency within the approved stand-
ards; and
(4) Demonstrating sound judgment.
(b) The pilot flight crew complement
required during the practical test is
based on one of the following require-
ments that applies to the aircraft being
used on the practical test:
(1) If the aircraft’s FAA-approved
flight manual requires the pilot flight
crew complement be a single pilot,
then the applicant must demonstrate
single pilot proficiency on the prac-
tical test.
(2) If the aircraft’s type certification
data sheet requires the pilot flight
crew complement be a single pilot,
then the applicant must demonstrate
single pilot proficiency on the prac-
tical test.
(3) If the FAA Flight Standardization
Board report, FAA-approved aircraft
flight manual, or aircraft type certifi-
cation data sheet allows the pilot
flight crew complement to be either a
single pilot, or a pilot and a copilot,
then the applicant may demonstrate
single pilot proficiency or have a copi-
lot on the practical test. If the appli-
cant performs the practical test with a
copilot, the limitation of ‘‘Second in
Command Required’’ will be placed on
the applicant’s pilot certificate. The
limitation may be removed if the appli-
cant passes the practical test by dem-
onstrating single-pilot proficiency in
the aircraft in which single-pilot privi-
leges are sought.
(c) If an applicant fails any area of
operation, that applicant fails the
practical test.
(d) An applicant is not eligible for a
certificate or rating sought until all
the areas of operation are passed.
(e) The examiner or the applicant
may discontinue a practical test at any
time:
(1) When the applicant fails one or
more of the areas of operation; or
(2) Due to inclement weather condi-
tions, aircraft airworthiness, or any
other safety-of-flight concern.
(f) If a practical test is discontinued,
the applicant is entitled credit for
those areas of operation that were
passed, but only if the applicant:
(1) Passes the remainder of the prac-
tical test within the 60-day period after
the date the practical test was discon-
tinued;
(2) Presents to the examiner for the
retest the original notice of dis-
approval form or the letter of dis-
continuance form, as appropriate;
(3) Satisfactorily accomplishes any
additional training needed and obtains
the appropriate instructor endorse-
ments, if additional training is re-
quired; and
(4) Presents to the examiner for the
retest a properly completed and signed
application.
[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as
amended by Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42549, Aug.
21, 2009; Amdt. 61–142, 83 FR 30276, June 27,
2018]
§ 61.45
Practical tests: Required air-
craft and equipment.
(a)
General. Except as provided in
paragraph (a)(2) of this section or when
permitted to accomplish the entire
flight increment of the practical test
in a flight simulator or a flight train-
ing device, an applicant for a certifi-
cate or rating issued under this part
must furnish:
(1) An aircraft of U.S. registry for
each required test that—
(i) Is of the category, class, and type,
if applicable, for which the applicant is
applying for a certificate or rating; and
(ii) Has a standard airworthiness cer-
tificate or special airworthiness certifi-
cate in the limited, primary, or light-
sport category.
(2) At the discretion of the examiner
who administers the practical test, the
applicant may furnish—
(i) An aircraft that has an airworthi-
ness certificate other than a standard
airworthiness certificate or special air-
worthiness certificate in the limited,
primary, or light-sport category, but
that otherwise meets the requirements
of paragraph (a)(1) of this section;
(ii) An aircraft of the same category,
class, and type, if applicable, of foreign
registry that is properly certificated by
the country of registry; or
(iii) A military aircraft of the same
category, class, and type, if aircraft
class and type are appropriate, for
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489
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 61.47
which the applicant is applying for a
certificate or rating, and provided—
(A) The aircraft is under the direct
operational control of the U.S. Armed
Forces;
(B) The aircraft is airworthy under
the maintenance standards of the U.S.
Armed Forces; and
(C) The applicant has a letter from
his or her commanding officer author-
izing the use of the aircraft for the
practical test.
(b)
Required equipment (other than con-
trols). (1) Except as provided in para-
graph (b)(2) of this section, an aircraft
used for a practical test must have—
(i) The equipment for each area of op-
eration required for the practical test;
(ii) No prescribed operating limita-
tions that prohibit its use in any of the
areas of operation required for the
practical test;
(iii) Except as provided in paragraphs
(e) and (f) of this section, at least two
pilot stations with adequate visibility
for each person to operate the aircraft
safely; and
(iv) Cockpit and outside visibility
adequate to evaluate the performance
of the applicant when an additional
jump seat is provided for the examiner.
(2) An applicant for a certificate or
rating may use an aircraft with oper-
ating characteristics that preclude the
applicant from performing all of the
tasks required for the practical test.
However, the applicant’s certificate or
rating, as appropriate, will be issued
with an appropriate limitation.
(c)
Required controls. Except for light-
er-than-air aircraft, and a glider with-
out an engine, an aircraft used for a
practical test must have engine power
controls and flight controls that are
easily reached and operable in a con-
ventional manner by both pilots, un-
less the Examiner determines that the
practical test can be conducted safely
in the aircraft without the controls
easily reached by the Examiner.
(d)
Simulated instrument flight equip-
ment. An applicant for a practical test
that involves maneuvering an aircraft
solely by reference to instruments
must furnish:
(1) Equipment on board the aircraft
that permits the applicant to pass the
areas of operation that apply to the
rating sought; and
(2) A device that prevents the appli-
cant from having visual reference out-
side the aircraft, but does not prevent
the examiner from having visual ref-
erence outside the aircraft, and is oth-
erwise acceptable to the Adminis-
trator.
(e)
Aircraft with single controls. A
practical test may be conducted in an
aircraft having a single set of controls,
provided the:
(1) Examiner agrees to conduct the
test;
(2) Test does not involve a dem-
onstration of instrument skills; and
(3) Proficiency of the applicant can
be observed by an examiner who is in a
position to observe the applicant.
(f)
Light-sport aircraft with a single
seat. A practical test for a sport pilot
certificate may be conducted in a
light-sport aircraft having a single seat
provided that the—
(1) Examiner agrees to conduct the
test;
(2) Examiner is in a position to ob-
serve the operation of the aircraft and
evaluate the proficiency of the appli-
cant; and
(3) Pilot certificate of an applicant
successfully passing the test is issued a
pilot certificate with a limitation ‘‘No
passenger carriage and flight in a sin-
gle-seat light-sport aircraft only.’’
[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997;
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997;
Amdt. 61–104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt.
61–110, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61–
124, 74 FR 42549, Aug. 21, 2009]
§ 61.47
Status of an examiner who is
authorized by the Administrator to
conduct practical tests.
(a) An examiner represents the Ad-
ministrator for the purpose of con-
ducting practical tests for certificates
and ratings issued under this part and
to observe an applicant’s ability to per-
form the areas of operation on the
practical test.
(b) The examiner is not the pilot in
command of the aircraft during the
practical test unless the examiner
agrees to act in that capacity for the
flight or for a portion of the flight by
prior arrangement with:
(1) The applicant; or
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