title-14-part-61-sec61-47

489

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 61.47

which the applicant is applying for a
certificate or rating, and provided—

(A) The aircraft is under the direct

operational control of the U.S. Armed
Forces;

(B) The aircraft is airworthy under

the maintenance standards of the U.S.
Armed Forces; and

his or her commanding officer author-
izing the use of the aircraft for the
practical test.

(b)

Required equipment (other than con-

trols). (1) Except as provided in para-
graph (b)(2) of this section, an aircraft
used for a practical test must have—

(i) The equipment for each area of op-

eration required for the practical test;

(ii) No prescribed operating limita-

tions that prohibit its use in any of the
areas of operation required for the
practical test;

(iii) Except as provided in paragraphs

(e) and (f) of this section, at least two
pilot stations with adequate visibility
for each person to operate the aircraft
safely; and

(iv) Cockpit and outside visibility

adequate to evaluate the performance
of the applicant when an additional
jump seat is provided for the examiner.

(2) An applicant for a certificate or

rating may use an aircraft with oper-
ating characteristics that preclude the
applicant from performing all of the
tasks required for the practical test.
However, the applicant’s certificate or
rating, as appropriate, will be issued
with an appropriate limitation.

(c)

Required controls. Except for light-

er-than-air aircraft, and a glider with-
out an engine, an aircraft used for a
practical test must have engine power
controls and flight controls that are
easily reached and operable in a con-
ventional manner by both pilots, un-
less the Examiner determines that the
practical test can be conducted safely
in the aircraft without the controls
easily reached by the Examiner.

(d)

Simulated instrument flight equip-

ment. An applicant for a practical test
that involves maneuvering an aircraft
solely by reference to instruments
must furnish:

(1) Equipment on board the aircraft

that permits the applicant to pass the
areas of operation that apply to the
rating sought; and

(2) A device that prevents the appli-

cant from having visual reference out-
side the aircraft, but does not prevent
the examiner from having visual ref-
erence outside the aircraft, and is oth-
erwise acceptable to the Adminis-
trator.

(e)

Aircraft with single controls. A

practical test may be conducted in an
aircraft having a single set of controls,
provided the:

(1) Examiner agrees to conduct the

test;

(2) Test does not involve a dem-

onstration of instrument skills; and

(3) Proficiency of the applicant can

be observed by an examiner who is in a
position to observe the applicant.

(f)

Light-sport aircraft with a single

seat. A practical test for a sport pilot
certificate may be conducted in a
light-sport aircraft having a single seat
provided that the—

(1) Examiner agrees to conduct the

test;

(2) Examiner is in a position to ob-

serve the operation of the aircraft and
evaluate the proficiency of the appli-
cant; and

(3) Pilot certificate of an applicant

successfully passing the test is issued a
pilot certificate with a limitation ‘‘No
passenger carriage and flight in a sin-
gle-seat light-sport aircraft only.’’

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997;
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997;
Amdt. 61–104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt.
61–110, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61–
124, 74 FR 42549, Aug. 21, 2009]

§ 61.47

Status of an examiner who is

authorized by the Administrator to
conduct practical tests.

(a) An examiner represents the Ad-

ministrator for the purpose of con-
ducting practical tests for certificates
and ratings issued under this part and
to observe an applicant’s ability to per-
form the areas of operation on the
practical test.

(b) The examiner is not the pilot in

command of the aircraft during the
practical test unless the examiner
agrees to act in that capacity for the
flight or for a portion of the flight by
prior arrangement with:

(1) The applicant; or

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490

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 61.49

(2) A person who would otherwise act

as pilot in command of the flight or for
a portion of the flight.

craft used during the practical test, the
applicant and the examiner (and any
other occupants authorized to be on
board by the examiner) are not subject
to the requirements or limitations for
the carriage of passengers that are
specified in this chapter.

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997;
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997]

§ 61.49

Retesting after failure.

(a) An applicant for a knowledge or

practical test who fails that test may
reapply for the test only after the ap-
plicant has received:

(1) The necessary training from an

authorized instructor who has deter-
mined that the applicant is proficient
to pass the test; and

(2) An endorsement from an author-

ized instructor who gave the applicant
the additional training.

(b) An applicant for a flight instruc-

tor certificate with an airplane cat-
egory rating or, for a flight instructor
certificate with a glider category rat-
ing, who has failed the practical test
due to deficiencies in instructional pro-
ficiency on stall awareness, spin entry,
spins, or spin recovery must:

(1) Comply with the requirements of

paragraph (a) of this section before
being retested;

(2) Bring an aircraft to the retest

that is of the appropriate aircraft cat-
egory for the rating sought and is cer-
tificated for spins; and

(3) Demonstrate satisfactory instruc-

tional proficiency on stall awareness,
spin entry, spins, and spin recovery to
an examiner during the retest.

§ 61.51

Pilot logbooks.

(a)

Training time and aeronautical ex-

perience. Each person must document
and record the following time in a
manner acceptable to the Adminis-
trator:

(1) Training and aeronautical experi-

ence used to meet the requirements for
a certificate, rating, or flight review of
this part.

(2) The aeronautical experience re-

quired for meeting the recent flight ex-
perience requirements of this part.

(b)

Logbook entries. For the purposes

of meeting the requirements of para-
graph (a) of this section, each person
must enter the following information
for each flight or lesson logged:

(1) General—
(i) Date.
(ii) Total flight time or lesson time.
(iii) Location where the aircraft de-

parted and arrived, or for lessons in a
full flight simulator or flight training
device, the location where the lesson
occurred.

(iv) Type and identification of air-

craft, full flight simulator, flight train-
ing device, or aviation training device,
as appropriate.

(v) The name of a safety pilot, if re-

quired by § 91.109 of this chapter.

(2) Type of pilot experience or train-

ing—

(i) Solo.
(ii) Pilot in command.
(iii) Second in command.
(iv) Flight and ground training re-

ceived from an authorized instructor.

(v) Training received in a full flight

simulator, flight training device, or
aviation training device from an au-
thorized instructor.

(3) Conditions of flight—
(i) Day or night.
(ii) Actual instrument.
(iii) Simulated instrument conditions

in flight, a full flight simulator, flight
training device, or aviation training
device.

(iv) Use of night vision goggles in an

aircraft in flight, in a full flight simu-
lator, or in a flight training device.

(c)

Logging of pilot time. The pilot

time described in this section may be
used to:

(1) Apply for a certificate or rating

issued under this part or a privilege au-
thorized under this part; or

(2) Satisfy the recent flight experi-

ence requirements of this part.

(d)

Logging of solo flight time. Except

for a student pilot performing the du-
ties of pilot in command of an airship
requiring more than one pilot flight
crewmember, a pilot may log as solo
flight time only that flight time when
the pilot is the sole occupant of the
aircraft.

(e)

Logging pilot-in-command flight

time. (1) A sport, recreational, private,
commercial, or airline transport pilot