background image

506 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 61.65 

preflight inspection), an applicant 
must accomplish the entire practical 
test in a Level C or higher flight simu-
lator and the applicant must meet one 
of the following requirements— 

(1) Hold a type rating in a helicopter 

and that type rating may not contain 
the supervised operating experience 
limitation; 

(2) Have been appointed by the U.S. 

Armed Forces as pilot in command of a 
helicopter; 

(3) Have 500 hours of flight time in 

the type of helicopter; or 

(4) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in 

two different types of helicopters. 

(e) Except as provided in paragraph 

(f) of this section, if a powered-lift is 
not used during the practical test for a 
type rating in a powered-lift (except 
for preflight inspection), an applicant 
must accomplish the entire practical 
test in a Level C or higher flight simu-
lator and the applicant must meet one 
of the following requirements— 

(1) Hold a type rating in a powered- 

lift without a supervised operating ex-
perience limitation; 

(2) Have been appointed by the U.S. 

Armed Forces as pilot in command of a 
powered-lift; 

(3) Have 500 hours of flight time in 

the type of powered-lift for which the 
rating is sought; or 

(4) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in 

two different types of powered-lifts. 

(f) If the applicant does not meet one 

of the experience requirements of para-
graphs (b)(1) through (5), (c)(1) through 
(5), (d)(1) through (4) or (e)(1) through 
(4) of this section, as appropriate to the 
type rating sought, then— 

(1) The applicant must complete the 

following tasks on the practical test in 
an aircraft appropriate to category, 
class, and type for the rating sought: 
Preflight inspection, normal takeoff, 
normal instrument landing system ap-
proach, missed approach, and normal 
landing; or 

(2) The applicant’s pilot certificate 

will be issued with a limitation that 
states: ‘‘The [name of the additional 
type rating] is subject to pilot in com-
mand limitations,’’ and the applicant 
is restricted from serving as pilot in 
command in an aircraft of that type. 

(g) The limitation described under 

paragraph (f)(2) of this section may be 

removed from the pilot certificate if 
the applicant complies with the fol-
lowing— 

(1) Performs 25 hours of flight time in 

an aircraft of the category, class, and 
type for which the limitation applies 
under the direct observation of the 
pilot in command who holds a cat-
egory, class, and type rating, without 
limitations, for the aircraft; 

(2) Logs each flight and the pilot in 

command who observed the flight at-
tests in writing to each flight; 

(3) Obtains the flight time while per-

forming the duties of pilot in com-
mand; and 

(4) Presents evidence of the super-

vised operating experience to any Ex-
aminer or Flight Standards office to 
have the limitation removed. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2006–26661, 76 FR 78143, Dec. 
16, 2011, as amended by Docket FAA–2018– 
0119, Amdt. 61–141, 83 FR 9170, Mar. 5, 2018] 

§ 61.65

Instrument rating require-

ments. 

(a) 

General.  A person who applies for 

an instrument rating must: 

(1) Hold at least a current private 

pilot certificate, or be concurrently ap-
plying for a private pilot certificate, 
with an airplane, helicopter, or pow-
ered-lift rating appropriate to the in-
strument rating sought; 

(2) Be able to read, speak, write, and 

understand the English language. If the 
applicant is unable to meet any of 
these requirements due to a medical 
condition, the Administrator may 
place such operating limitations on the 
applicant’s pilot certificate as are nec-
essary for the safe operation of the air-
craft; 

(3) Receive and log ground training 

from an authorized instructor or ac-
complish a home-study course of train-
ing on the aeronautical knowledge 
areas of paragraph (b) of this section 
that apply to the instrument rating 
sought; 

(4) Receive a logbook or training 

record endorsement from an authorized 
instructor certifying that the person is 
prepared to take the required knowl-
edge test; 

(5) Receive and log training on the 

areas of operation of paragraph (c) of 

VerDate Sep<11>2014 

14:00 Mar 14, 2024

Jkt 262047

PO 00000

Frm 00516

Fmt 8010

Sfmt 8002

Q:\14\14V2.TXT

PC31

aworley on LAPBH6H6L3 with DISTILLER

background image

507 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.65 

this section from an authorized in-
structor in an aircraft, full flight simu-
lator, or flight training device that 
represents an airplane, helicopter, or 
powered-lift appropriate to the instru-
ment rating sought; 

(6) Receive a logbook or training 

record endorsement from an authorized 
instructor certifying that the person is 
prepared to take the required practical 
test; 

(7) Pass the required knowledge test 

on the aeronautical knowledge areas of 
paragraph (b) of this section; however, 
an applicant is not required to take an-
other knowledge test when that person 
already holds an instrument rating; 
and 

(8) Pass the required practical test on 

the areas of operation in paragraph (c) 
of this section in— 

(i) An airplane, helicopter, or pow-

ered-lift appropriate to the rating 
sought; or 

(ii) A full flight simulator or a flight 

training device appropriate to the rat-
ing sought and for the specific maneu-
ver or instrument approach procedure 
performed. If an approved flight train-
ing device is used for the practical test, 
the instrument approach procedures 
conducted in that flight training device 
are limited to one precision and one 
nonprecision approach, provided the 
flight training device is approved for 
the procedure performed. 

(b) 

Aeronautical knowledge. A person 

who applies for an instrument rating 
must have received and logged ground 
training from an authorized instructor 
or accomplished a home-study course 
on the following aeronautical knowl-
edge areas that apply to the instru-
ment rating sought: 

(1) Federal Aviation Regulations of 

this chapter that apply to flight oper-
ations under IFR; 

(2) Appropriate information that ap-

plies to flight operations under IFR in 
the ‘‘Aeronautical Information Man-
ual;’’ 

(3) Air traffic control system and pro-

cedures for instrument flight oper-
ations; 

(4) IFR navigation and approaches by 

use of navigation systems; 

(5) Use of IFR en route and instru-

ment approach procedure charts; 

(6) Procurement and use of aviation 

weather reports and forecasts and the 
elements of forecasting weather trends 
based on that information and personal 
observation of weather conditions; 

(7) Safe and efficient operation of air-

craft under instrument flight rules and 
conditions; 

(8) Recognition of critical weather 

situations and windshear avoidance; 

(9) Aeronautical decision making and 

judgment; and 

(10) Crew resource management, in-

cluding crew communication and co-
ordination. 

(c) 

Flight proficiency. A person who 

applies for an instrument rating must 
receive and log training from an au-
thorized instructor in an aircraft, or in 
a full flight simulator or flight train-
ing device, in accordance with para-
graph (g) of this section, that includes 
the following areas of operation: 

(1) Preflight preparation; 
(2) Preflight procedures; 
(3) Air traffic control clearances and 

procedures; 

(4) Flight by reference to instru-

ments; 

(5) Navigation systems; 
(6) Instrument approach procedures; 
(7) Emergency operations; and 
(8) Postflight procedures. 
(d) 

Aeronautical experience for the in-

strument-airplane rating. A person who 
applies for an instrument-airplane rat-
ing must have logged: 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph 

(g) of this section, 50 hours of cross- 
country flight time as pilot in com-
mand, of which 10 hours must have 
been in an airplane; and 

(2) Forty hours of actual or simu-

lated instrument time in the areas of 
operation listed in paragraph (c) of this 
section, of which 15 hours must have 
been received from an authorized in-
structor who holds an instrument-air-
plane rating, and the instrument time 
includes: 

(i) Three hours of instrument flight 

training from an authorized instructor 
in an airplane that is appropriate to 
the instrument-airplane rating within 
2 calendar months before the date of 
the practical test; and 

VerDate Sep<11>2014 

14:00 Mar 14, 2024

Jkt 262047

PO 00000

Frm 00517

Fmt 8010

Sfmt 8002

Q:\14\14V2.TXT

PC31

aworley on LAPBH6H6L3 with DISTILLER

background image

508 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 61.65 

(ii) Instrument flight training on 

cross country flight procedures, includ-
ing one cross country flight in an air-
plane with an authorized instructor, 
that is performed under instrument 
flight rules, when a flight plan has 
been filed with an air traffic control fa-
cility, and that involves— 

(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles 

along airways or by directed routing 
from an air traffic control facility; 

(B) An instrument approach at each 

airport; and 

(C) Three different kinds of ap-

proaches with the use of navigation 
systems. 

(e) 

Aeronautical experience for the in-

strument-helicopter rating. A person who 
applies for an instrument-helicopter 
rating must have logged: 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph 

(g) of this section, 50 hours of cross- 
country flight time as pilot in com-
mand, of which 10 hours must have 
been in a helicopter; and 

(2) Forty hours of actual or simu-

lated instrument time in the areas of 
operation listed under paragraph (c) of 
this section, of which 15 hours must 
have been with an authorized instruc-
tor who holds an instrument-helicopter 
rating, and the instrument time in-
cludes: 

(i) Three hours of instrument flight 

training from an authorized instructor 
in a helicopter that is appropriate to 
the instrument-helicopter rating with-
in 2 calendar months before the date of 
the practical test; and 

(ii) Instrument flight training on 

cross country flight procedures, includ-
ing one cross country flight in a heli-
copter with an authorized instructor 
that is performed under instrument 
flight rules and a flight plan has been 
filed with an air traffic control facil-
ity, and involves— 

(A) A flight of 100 nautical miles 

along airways or by directed routing 
from an air traffic control facility; 

(B) An instrument approach at each 

airport; and 

(C) Three different kinds of ap-

proaches with the use of navigation 
systems. 

(f) 

Aeronautical experience for the in-

strument-powered-lift rating. A person 
who applies for an instrument-powered- 
lift rating must have logged: 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph 

(g) of this section, 50 hours of cross- 
country flight time as pilot in com-
mand, of which 10 hours must have 
been in a powered-lift; and 

(2) Forty hours of actual or simu-

lated instrument time in the areas of 
operation listed under paragraph (c) of 
this section, of which 15 hours must 
have been received from an authorized 
instructor who holds an instrument- 
powered-lift rating, and the instrument 
time includes: 

(i) Three hours of instrument flight 

training from an authorized instructor 
in a powered-lift that is appropriate to 
the instrument-powered-lift rating 
within 2 calendar months before the 
date of the practical test; and 

(ii) Instrument flight training on 

cross country flight procedures, includ-
ing one cross country flight in a pow-
ered-lift with an authorized instructor 
that is performed under instrument 
flight rules, when a flight plan has 
been filed with an air traffic control fa-
cility, that involves— 

(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles 

along airways or by directed routing 
from an air traffic control facility; 

(B) An instrument approach at each 

airport; and 

(C) Three different kinds of ap-

proaches with the use of navigation 
systems. 

(g) An applicant for a combined pri-

vate pilot certificate with an instru-
ment rating may satisfy the cross- 
country flight time requirements of 
this section by crediting: 

(1) For an instrument-airplane rating 

or an instrument-powered-lift rating, 
up to 45 hours of cross-country flight 
time performing the duties of pilot in 
command with an authorized instruc-
tor; or 

(2) For an instrument-helicopter rat-

ing, up to 47 hours of cross-country 
flight time performing the duties of 
pilot in command with an authorized 
instructor. 

(h) 

Use of full flight simulators or flight 

training devices. If the instrument time 
was provided by an authorized instruc-
tor in a full flight simulator or flight 
training device— 

(1) A maximum of 30 hours may be 

performed in that full flight simulator 

VerDate Sep<11>2014 

14:00 Mar 14, 2024

Jkt 262047

PO 00000

Frm 00518

Fmt 8010

Sfmt 8002

Q:\14\14V2.TXT

PC31

aworley on LAPBH6H6L3 with DISTILLER

background image

509 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.66 

or flight training device if the instru-
ment time was completed in accord-
ance with part 142 of this chapter; or 

(2) A maximum of 20 hours may be 

performed in that full flight simulator 
or flight training device if the instru-
ment time was not completed in ac-
cordance with part 142 of this chapter. 

(i) 

Use of an aviation training device. 

maximum of 10 hours of instrument 
time received in a basic aviation train-
ing device or a maximum of 20 hours of 
instrument time received in an ad-
vanced aviation training device may be 
credited for the instrument time re-
quirements of this section if— 

(1) The device is approved and au-

thorized by the FAA; 

(2) An authorized instructor provides 

the instrument time in the device; and 

(3) The FAA approved the instrument 

training and instrument tasks per-
formed in the device. 

(j) Except as provided in paragraph 

(h)(1) of this section, a person may not 
credit more than 20 total hours of in-
strument time in a full flight simu-
lator, flight training device, aviation 
training device, or a combination to-
wards the instrument time require-
ments of this section. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40900, July 30, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42554, Aug. 21, 2009; 
Amdt. 61–127, 76 FR 19267, Apr. 7, 2011; Amdt. 
61–128, 76 FR 54106, Aug. 31, 2011; Docket 
FAA–2015–1846, Amdt. 61–136, 81 FR 21460, 
Apr. 12, 2016] 

§ 61.66

Enhanced Flight Vision System 

Pilot Requirements. 

(a) 

Ground training. (1) Except as pro-

vided under paragraphs (f) and (h) of 
this section, no person may manipulate 
the controls of an aircraft or act as 
pilot in command of an aircraft during 
an EFVS operation conducted under 
§ 91.176(a) or (b) of this chapter, or serve 
as a required pilot flightcrew member 
during an EFVS operation conducted 
under § 91.176(a) of this chapter, unless 
that person— 

(i) Receives and logs ground training 

under a training program approved by 
the Administrator; and 

(ii) Obtains a logbook or training 

record endorsement from an authorized 
training provider certifying the person 
satisfactorily completed the ground 

training appropriate to the category of 
aircraft for which the person is seeking 
the EFVS privilege. 

(2) The ground training must include 

the following subjects: 

(i) Those portions of this chapter 

that relate to EFVS flight operations 
and limitations, including the Airplane 
Flight Manual or Rotorcraft Flight 
Manual limitations; 

(ii) EFVS sensor imagery, required 

aircraft flight information, and flight 
symbology; 

(iii) EFVS display, controls, modes, 

features, symbology, annunciations, 
and associated systems and compo-
nents; 

(iv) EFVS sensor performance, sensor 

limitations, scene interpretation, vis-
ual anomalies, and other visual effects; 

(v) Preflight planning and oper-

ational considerations associated with 
using EFVS during taxi, takeoff, climb, 
cruise, descent and landing phases of 
flight, including the use of EFVS for 
instrument approaches, operating 
below DA/DH or MDA, executing 
missed approaches, landing, rollout, 
and balked landings; 

(vi) Weather associated with low visi-

bility conditions and its effect on 
EFVS performance; 

(vii) Normal, abnormal, emergency, 

and crew coordination procedures when 
using EFVS; and 

(viii) Interpretation of approach and 

runway lighting systems and their dis-
play characteristics when using an 
EFVS. 

(b) 

Flight training. (1) Except as pro-

vided under paragraph (h) of this sec-
tion, no person may manipulate the 
controls of an aircraft or act as pilot in 
command of an aircraft during an 
EFVS operation under § 91.176(a) or (b) 
of this chapter unless that person— 

(i) Receives and logs flight training 

for the EFVS operation under a train-
ing program approved by the Adminis-
trator; and 

(ii) Obtains a logbook or training 

record endorsement from an authorized 
training provider certifying the person 
is proficient in the use of EFVS in the 
category of aircraft in which the train-
ing was provided for the EFVS oper-
ation to be conducted. 

(2) Flight training must include the 

following tasks: 

VerDate Sep<11>2014 

14:00 Mar 14, 2024

Jkt 262047

PO 00000

Frm 00519

Fmt 8010

Sfmt 8002

Q:\14\14V2.TXT

PC31

aworley on LAPBH6H6L3 with DISTILLER