506
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 61.65
preflight inspection), an applicant
must accomplish the entire practical
test in a Level C or higher flight simu-
lator and the applicant must meet one
of the following requirements—
(1) Hold a type rating in a helicopter
and that type rating may not contain
the supervised operating experience
limitation;
(2) Have been appointed by the U.S.
Armed Forces as pilot in command of a
helicopter;
(3) Have 500 hours of flight time in
the type of helicopter; or
(4) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in
two different types of helicopters.
(e) Except as provided in paragraph
(f) of this section, if a powered-lift is
not used during the practical test for a
type rating in a powered-lift (except
for preflight inspection), an applicant
must accomplish the entire practical
test in a Level C or higher flight simu-
lator and the applicant must meet one
of the following requirements—
(1) Hold a type rating in a powered-
lift without a supervised operating ex-
perience limitation;
(2) Have been appointed by the U.S.
Armed Forces as pilot in command of a
powered-lift;
(3) Have 500 hours of flight time in
the type of powered-lift for which the
rating is sought; or
(4) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in
two different types of powered-lifts.
(f) If the applicant does not meet one
of the experience requirements of para-
graphs (b)(1) through (5), (c)(1) through
(5), (d)(1) through (4) or (e)(1) through
(4) of this section, as appropriate to the
type rating sought, then—
(1) The applicant must complete the
following tasks on the practical test in
an aircraft appropriate to category,
class, and type for the rating sought:
Preflight inspection, normal takeoff,
normal instrument landing system ap-
proach, missed approach, and normal
landing; or
(2) The applicant’s pilot certificate
will be issued with a limitation that
states: ‘‘The [name of the additional
type rating] is subject to pilot in com-
mand limitations,’’ and the applicant
is restricted from serving as pilot in
command in an aircraft of that type.
(g) The limitation described under
paragraph (f)(2) of this section may be
removed from the pilot certificate if
the applicant complies with the fol-
lowing—
(1) Performs 25 hours of flight time in
an aircraft of the category, class, and
type for which the limitation applies
under the direct observation of the
pilot in command who holds a cat-
egory, class, and type rating, without
limitations, for the aircraft;
(2) Logs each flight and the pilot in
command who observed the flight at-
tests in writing to each flight;
(3) Obtains the flight time while per-
forming the duties of pilot in com-
mand; and
(4) Presents evidence of the super-
vised operating experience to any Ex-
aminer or Flight Standards office to
have the limitation removed.
[Doc. No. FAA–2006–26661, 76 FR 78143, Dec.
16, 2011, as amended by Docket FAA–2018–
0119, Amdt. 61–141, 83 FR 9170, Mar. 5, 2018]
§ 61.65
Instrument rating require-
ments.
(a)
General. A person who applies for
an instrument rating must:
(1) Hold at least a current private
pilot certificate, or be concurrently ap-
plying for a private pilot certificate,
with an airplane, helicopter, or pow-
ered-lift rating appropriate to the in-
strument rating sought;
(2) Be able to read, speak, write, and
understand the English language. If the
applicant is unable to meet any of
these requirements due to a medical
condition, the Administrator may
place such operating limitations on the
applicant’s pilot certificate as are nec-
essary for the safe operation of the air-
craft;
(3) Receive and log ground training
from an authorized instructor or ac-
complish a home-study course of train-
ing on the aeronautical knowledge
areas of paragraph (b) of this section
that apply to the instrument rating
sought;
(4) Receive a logbook or training
record endorsement from an authorized
instructor certifying that the person is
prepared to take the required knowl-
edge test;
(5) Receive and log training on the
areas of operation of paragraph (c) of
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§ 61.65
this section from an authorized in-
structor in an aircraft, full flight simu-
lator, or flight training device that
represents an airplane, helicopter, or
powered-lift appropriate to the instru-
ment rating sought;
(6) Receive a logbook or training
record endorsement from an authorized
instructor certifying that the person is
prepared to take the required practical
test;
(7) Pass the required knowledge test
on the aeronautical knowledge areas of
paragraph (b) of this section; however,
an applicant is not required to take an-
other knowledge test when that person
already holds an instrument rating;
and
(8) Pass the required practical test on
the areas of operation in paragraph (c)
of this section in—
(i) An airplane, helicopter, or pow-
ered-lift appropriate to the rating
sought; or
(ii) A full flight simulator or a flight
training device appropriate to the rat-
ing sought and for the specific maneu-
ver or instrument approach procedure
performed. If an approved flight train-
ing device is used for the practical test,
the instrument approach procedures
conducted in that flight training device
are limited to one precision and one
nonprecision approach, provided the
flight training device is approved for
the procedure performed.
(b)
Aeronautical knowledge. A person
who applies for an instrument rating
must have received and logged ground
training from an authorized instructor
or accomplished a home-study course
on the following aeronautical knowl-
edge areas that apply to the instru-
ment rating sought:
(1) Federal Aviation Regulations of
this chapter that apply to flight oper-
ations under IFR;
(2) Appropriate information that ap-
plies to flight operations under IFR in
the ‘‘Aeronautical Information Man-
ual;’’
(3) Air traffic control system and pro-
cedures for instrument flight oper-
ations;
(4) IFR navigation and approaches by
use of navigation systems;
(5) Use of IFR en route and instru-
ment approach procedure charts;
(6) Procurement and use of aviation
weather reports and forecasts and the
elements of forecasting weather trends
based on that information and personal
observation of weather conditions;
(7) Safe and efficient operation of air-
craft under instrument flight rules and
conditions;
(8) Recognition of critical weather
situations and windshear avoidance;
(9) Aeronautical decision making and
judgment; and
(10) Crew resource management, in-
cluding crew communication and co-
ordination.
(c)
Flight proficiency. A person who
applies for an instrument rating must
receive and log training from an au-
thorized instructor in an aircraft, or in
a full flight simulator or flight train-
ing device, in accordance with para-
graph (g) of this section, that includes
the following areas of operation:
(1) Preflight preparation;
(2) Preflight procedures;
(3) Air traffic control clearances and
procedures;
(4) Flight by reference to instru-
ments;
(5) Navigation systems;
(6) Instrument approach procedures;
(7) Emergency operations; and
(8) Postflight procedures.
(d)
Aeronautical experience for the in-
strument-airplane rating. A person who
applies for an instrument-airplane rat-
ing must have logged:
(1) Except as provided in paragraph
(g) of this section, 50 hours of cross-
country flight time as pilot in com-
mand, of which 10 hours must have
been in an airplane; and
(2) Forty hours of actual or simu-
lated instrument time in the areas of
operation listed in paragraph (c) of this
section, of which 15 hours must have
been received from an authorized in-
structor who holds an instrument-air-
plane rating, and the instrument time
includes:
(i) Three hours of instrument flight
training from an authorized instructor
in an airplane that is appropriate to
the instrument-airplane rating within
2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test; and
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§ 61.65
(ii) Instrument flight training on
cross country flight procedures, includ-
ing one cross country flight in an air-
plane with an authorized instructor,
that is performed under instrument
flight rules, when a flight plan has
been filed with an air traffic control fa-
cility, and that involves—
(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles
along airways or by directed routing
from an air traffic control facility;
(B) An instrument approach at each
airport; and
(C) Three different kinds of ap-
proaches with the use of navigation
systems.
(e)
Aeronautical experience for the in-
strument-helicopter rating. A person who
applies for an instrument-helicopter
rating must have logged:
(1) Except as provided in paragraph
(g) of this section, 50 hours of cross-
country flight time as pilot in com-
mand, of which 10 hours must have
been in a helicopter; and
(2) Forty hours of actual or simu-
lated instrument time in the areas of
operation listed under paragraph (c) of
this section, of which 15 hours must
have been with an authorized instruc-
tor who holds an instrument-helicopter
rating, and the instrument time in-
cludes:
(i) Three hours of instrument flight
training from an authorized instructor
in a helicopter that is appropriate to
the instrument-helicopter rating with-
in 2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test; and
(ii) Instrument flight training on
cross country flight procedures, includ-
ing one cross country flight in a heli-
copter with an authorized instructor
that is performed under instrument
flight rules and a flight plan has been
filed with an air traffic control facil-
ity, and involves—
(A) A flight of 100 nautical miles
along airways or by directed routing
from an air traffic control facility;
(B) An instrument approach at each
airport; and
(C) Three different kinds of ap-
proaches with the use of navigation
systems.
(f)
Aeronautical experience for the in-
strument-powered-lift rating. A person
who applies for an instrument-powered-
lift rating must have logged:
(1) Except as provided in paragraph
(g) of this section, 50 hours of cross-
country flight time as pilot in com-
mand, of which 10 hours must have
been in a powered-lift; and
(2) Forty hours of actual or simu-
lated instrument time in the areas of
operation listed under paragraph (c) of
this section, of which 15 hours must
have been received from an authorized
instructor who holds an instrument-
powered-lift rating, and the instrument
time includes:
(i) Three hours of instrument flight
training from an authorized instructor
in a powered-lift that is appropriate to
the instrument-powered-lift rating
within 2 calendar months before the
date of the practical test; and
(ii) Instrument flight training on
cross country flight procedures, includ-
ing one cross country flight in a pow-
ered-lift with an authorized instructor
that is performed under instrument
flight rules, when a flight plan has
been filed with an air traffic control fa-
cility, that involves—
(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles
along airways or by directed routing
from an air traffic control facility;
(B) An instrument approach at each
airport; and
(C) Three different kinds of ap-
proaches with the use of navigation
systems.
(g) An applicant for a combined pri-
vate pilot certificate with an instru-
ment rating may satisfy the cross-
country flight time requirements of
this section by crediting:
(1) For an instrument-airplane rating
or an instrument-powered-lift rating,
up to 45 hours of cross-country flight
time performing the duties of pilot in
command with an authorized instruc-
tor; or
(2) For an instrument-helicopter rat-
ing, up to 47 hours of cross-country
flight time performing the duties of
pilot in command with an authorized
instructor.
(h)
Use of full flight simulators or flight
training devices. If the instrument time
was provided by an authorized instruc-
tor in a full flight simulator or flight
training device—
(1) A maximum of 30 hours may be
performed in that full flight simulator
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§ 61.66
or flight training device if the instru-
ment time was completed in accord-
ance with part 142 of this chapter; or
(2) A maximum of 20 hours may be
performed in that full flight simulator
or flight training device if the instru-
ment time was not completed in ac-
cordance with part 142 of this chapter.
(i)
Use of an aviation training device. A
maximum of 10 hours of instrument
time received in a basic aviation train-
ing device or a maximum of 20 hours of
instrument time received in an ad-
vanced aviation training device may be
credited for the instrument time re-
quirements of this section if—
(1) The device is approved and au-
thorized by the FAA;
(2) An authorized instructor provides
the instrument time in the device; and
(3) The FAA approved the instrument
training and instrument tasks per-
formed in the device.
(j) Except as provided in paragraph
(h)(1) of this section, a person may not
credit more than 20 total hours of in-
strument time in a full flight simu-
lator, flight training device, aviation
training device, or a combination to-
wards the instrument time require-
ments of this section.
[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997;
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40900, July 30, 1997;
Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42554, Aug. 21, 2009;
Amdt. 61–127, 76 FR 19267, Apr. 7, 2011; Amdt.
61–128, 76 FR 54106, Aug. 31, 2011; Docket
FAA–2015–1846, Amdt. 61–136, 81 FR 21460,
Apr. 12, 2016]
§ 61.66
Enhanced Flight Vision System
Pilot Requirements.
(a)
Ground training. (1) Except as pro-
vided under paragraphs (f) and (h) of
this section, no person may manipulate
the controls of an aircraft or act as
pilot in command of an aircraft during
an EFVS operation conducted under
§ 91.176(a) or (b) of this chapter, or serve
as a required pilot flightcrew member
during an EFVS operation conducted
under § 91.176(a) of this chapter, unless
that person—
(i) Receives and logs ground training
under a training program approved by
the Administrator; and
(ii) Obtains a logbook or training
record endorsement from an authorized
training provider certifying the person
satisfactorily completed the ground
training appropriate to the category of
aircraft for which the person is seeking
the EFVS privilege.
(2) The ground training must include
the following subjects:
(i) Those portions of this chapter
that relate to EFVS flight operations
and limitations, including the Airplane
Flight Manual or Rotorcraft Flight
Manual limitations;
(ii) EFVS sensor imagery, required
aircraft flight information, and flight
symbology;
(iii) EFVS display, controls, modes,
features, symbology, annunciations,
and associated systems and compo-
nents;
(iv) EFVS sensor performance, sensor
limitations, scene interpretation, vis-
ual anomalies, and other visual effects;
(v) Preflight planning and oper-
ational considerations associated with
using EFVS during taxi, takeoff, climb,
cruise, descent and landing phases of
flight, including the use of EFVS for
instrument approaches, operating
below DA/DH or MDA, executing
missed approaches, landing, rollout,
and balked landings;
(vi) Weather associated with low visi-
bility conditions and its effect on
EFVS performance;
(vii) Normal, abnormal, emergency,
and crew coordination procedures when
using EFVS; and
(viii) Interpretation of approach and
runway lighting systems and their dis-
play characteristics when using an
EFVS.
(b)
Flight training. (1) Except as pro-
vided under paragraph (h) of this sec-
tion, no person may manipulate the
controls of an aircraft or act as pilot in
command of an aircraft during an
EFVS operation under § 91.176(a) or (b)
of this chapter unless that person—
(i) Receives and logs flight training
for the EFVS operation under a train-
ing program approved by the Adminis-
trator; and
(ii) Obtains a logbook or training
record endorsement from an authorized
training provider certifying the person
is proficient in the use of EFVS in the
category of aircraft in which the train-
ing was provided for the EFVS oper-
ation to be conducted.
(2) Flight training must include the
following tasks:
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