534 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 61.97 

(7) Pass the practical test on the 

areas of operation listed in § 61.98(b) 
that apply to the aircraft category and 
class rating; 

(8) Comply with the sections of this 

part that apply to the aircraft category 
and class rating; and 

(9) Hold either a student pilot certifi-

cate or sport pilot certificate. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 21, 2009] 

§ 61.97

Aeronautical knowledge. 

(a) 

General.  A person who applies for 

a recreational pilot certificate must re-
ceive and log ground training from an 
authorized instructor or complete a 
home-study course on the aeronautical 
knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of 
this section that apply to the aircraft 
category and class rating sought. 

(b) 

Aeronautical knowledge areas. (1) 

Applicable Federal Aviation Regula-
tions of this chapter that relate to rec-
reational pilot privileges, limitations, 
and flight operations; 

(2) Accident reporting requirements 

of the National Transportation Safety 
Board; 

(3) Use of the applicable portions of 

the ‘‘Aeronautical Information Man-
ual’’ and FAA advisory circulars; 

(4) Use of aeronautical charts for 

VFR navigation using pilotage with 
the aid of a magnetic compass; 

(5) Recognition of critical weather 

situations from the ground and in 
flight, windshear avoidance, and the 
procurement and use of aeronautical 
weather reports and forecasts; 

(6) Safe and efficient operation of air-

craft, including collision avoidance, 
and recognition and avoidance of wake 
turbulence; 

(7) Effects of density altitude on 

takeoff and climb performance; 

(8) Weight and balance computations; 
(9) Principles of aerodynamics, pow-

erplants, and aircraft systems; 

(10) Stall awareness, spin entry, 

spins, and spin recovery techniques, if 
applying for an airplane single-engine 
rating; 

(11) Aeronautical decision making 

and judgment; and 

(12) Preflight action that includes— 
(i) How to obtain information on run-

way lengths at airports of intended 

use, data on takeoff and landing dis-
tances, weather reports and forecasts, 
and fuel requirements; and 

(ii) How to plan for alternatives if 

the planned flight cannot be completed 
or delays are encountered. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997] 

§ 61.98

Flight proficiency. 

(a) 

General.  A person who applies for 

a recreational pilot certificate must re-
ceive and log ground and flight train-
ing from an authorized instructor on 
the areas of operation of this section 
that apply to the aircraft category and 
class rating sought. 

(b) 

Areas of operation. (1) For a single- 

engine airplane rating: (i) Preflight 
preparation; 

(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport operations; 
(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Slow flight and stalls; 
(ix) Emergency operations; and 
(x) Postflight procedures. 
(2) 

For a helicopter rating: (i) Preflight 

preparation; 

(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and heliport operations; 
(iv) Hovering maneuvers; 
(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(vi) Performance maneuvers; 
(vii) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(viii) Navigation; 
(ix) Emergency operations; and 
(x) Postflight procedures. 
(3) 

For a gyroplane rating: (i) Preflight 

preparation; 

(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport operations; 
(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Flight at slow airspeeds; 
(ix) Emergency operations; and 
(x) Postflight procedures. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997] 

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